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Bethel K, Warwar R, Thakore S, Hurley EG. The Effect of Baseline Ovarian Cyst on Pregnancy Outcomes in Ovulation Induction/Intrauterine Insemination Cycles. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) 2024; 5:75-81. [PMID: 38404676 PMCID: PMC10890952 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2023.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of a baseline ovarian cyst on ovulation induction/intrauterine insemination (OI/IUI) cycle outcomes. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis of 270 patients and 461 OI/IUI cycles performed between 2011 and 2021 was performed. The exposure variable was a simple appearing ovarian cyst diagnosed at baseline ultrasound measuring ≥10 mm with an estradiol level <75 ng/mL. The primary outcome analyzed was an ultrasound-confirmed intrauterine pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included positive pregnancy test and live birth. Summary data were presented with percentages, mean (standard deviation), or median (interquartile range). Comparisons of dichotomous variables were performed with the chi-square test, and continuous variables were compared using t-test. Regression analysis was performed using a general linear model. p-Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The clinical pregnancy rate was nominally higher in the group without a cyst present at baseline ultrasound compared with those cycles with a simple cyst present, but the difference was not statistically significant (45/300 [15%] vs. 15/161 [9.3%], risk ratio [RR] 0.63 [0.36, 1.1]). After adjusting for BMI ≥30 and age ≥35, there remained no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rate (adjusted RR 0.65 [0.37, 1.1]). Conclusion Given the present data, it is reasonable to proceed with IUI in the case of a baseline simple ovarian cyst. However, this finding may have an impact on clinical pregnancy outcomes in OI/IUI, and further research on the topic is warranted. Although this study was underpowered with fewer cycles than needed to demonstrate a significant difference, the point estimate suggests that the difference in clinical pregnancy rate could be ∼35%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bethel
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel Warwar
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
| | - Suruchi Thakore
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily G. Hurley
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
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Warwar R, Zupan AM, Nietupski C, Manzanares M, Hurley EG, Schutte SC. Uterine fibroid cell cytoskeletal organization is affected by altered G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling. F S Sci 2023; 4:327-338. [PMID: 37797815 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether cyclic strain affects fibroid cell cytoskeletal organization, proliferation, and collagen synthesis differently than myometrial cells. DESIGN A basic science study using primary cultures of patient-matched myometrial and fibroid cells. SETTING Academic laboratory. PATIENT(S) Premenopausal women undergoing myomectomy or hysterectomy for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids. INTERVENTION(S) Application of uniaxial strain patterns mimicking periovulation, menses, or dysmenorrhea using the Flexcell tension system or static control. Secondarily, inhibition of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cell alignment, cell number, and collagen content. RESULT(S) Menses-strained cells demonstrated the most variation in cell alignment, cell proliferation, and procollagen content between myometrial and fibroid cells. Procollagen content decreased in myometrial cells with increasing strain amplitude and decreasing frequency. G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 inhibition decreases cellular alignment in the presence of strain. CONCLUSION(S) Mechanotransduction affecting cytoskeletal arrangement through the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway is altered in fibroid cells. These results highlight the importance of incorporating mechanical stimulation into the in vitro study of fibroid pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Warwar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Andreja Moset Zupan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Carolyn Nietupski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Maricela Manzanares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Emily G Hurley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stacey C Schutte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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Madden T, Cohen SY, Paul R, Hurley EG, Thomas MA, Pauletti G. Women's preferences for a new contraceptive under development: an exploratory study. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1095112. [PMID: 37547129 PMCID: PMC10401268 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1095112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Currently available contraceptive methods do not meet the needs of all users. We sought to explore preferences of potential end-users regarding an on-demand, non-hormonal female contraceptive currently under development, using a web-based survey. Study design We recruited respondents for an exploratory survey via web link on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Individuals were eligible if they were 18-44 years of age, identified as cis-gender female, were English-speaking, not pregnant, and had used barrier contraception previously. Respondents provided demographic characteristics and a basic reproductive history. We then provided a brief description of the potential contraceptive. Respondents were asked about their interest in the proposed contraceptive and preferences for method attributes. Results A total of 500 respondents completed the survey. Three-quarters of respondents were <35 years of age and 48.2% were currently using a barrier contraceptive method. Three-fourths of respondents (73.8%) expressed interest in using the contraceptive under development. The majority wanted the method to be small (≤2 inches), rod-shaped, and low cost (<$5 per use). More than half (59.4%) said it was important to be able to use the method without partners' knowledge. The most reported potential concerns were vaginal irritation (51.6%) and lack of effectiveness (46.4%). Sixty percent of respondents were confident they could use the method correctly. Discussion Available contraceptive methods lack attributes preferred by some users. Development of new contraceptives frequently does not involve end-user input early in the development process. Individuals in this sample displayed interest in the proposed contraceptive and expressed preferences that can inform the further development of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Madden
- Divisions of Family Planning & Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sarah Y. Cohen
- Divisions of Family Planning & Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Rachel Paul
- Divisions of Family Planning & Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Emily G. Hurley
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Michael A. Thomas
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Giovanni Pauletti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Hurley EG, Sun F, Zhang H, Polotsky AJ, Rios JS. Minimal Stimulation Using Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist is Associated with Higher Live Birth Rates: A National Study of 13,050 Cycles. Womens Health Rep (New Rochelle) 2022; 3:957-963. [PMID: 36479370 PMCID: PMC9712044 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2022.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal protocol for minimal stimulation in vitro fertilization (IVF) has yet to be established. This study aims to determine if the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist during minimal stimulation improves outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS All cycles designated as minimal stimulation from 2014 to 2016 from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Online Reporting System were identified. Cycles in which GnRH antagonist was administered (n = 5984) were compared to those that did not receive it (n = 7066). Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and chi-square test were used to analyze continuous and categorical variables. RESULTS A total of 6750 patients undergoing 13,050 cycles were included. GnRH antagonist use was associated with a significantly higher total gonadotropin dosage (median 975.0 [interquartile range, IQR, 600.0, 1575.0] vs. median 660.0 [IQR 375.0, 975.0], p < 0.001), lower cycle cancelation rate (11.3% vs. 13.6%, p < 0.001; OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.38, p < 0.001), and higher live birth rate (4.3% vs. 2.1%, p < 0.001; OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.39-0.58, p < 0.001). GnRH antagonist use was associated with a significantly higher live birth rate in women ≥35 years of age (2.7% vs. 0.9%, p < 0.001; OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.25-0.47, p < 0.001) and antimullerian hormone <1 (4.9% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.004; OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.33-0.81, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION The use of GnRH antagonist suppression during minimal stimulation IVF is associated with an improved live birth rate, especially in older women and in women with diminished ovarian reserve. Although GnRH antagonist use may increase costs, it significantly decreases cancelation rate, increases number of embryos cryopreserved, and should be encouraged for minimal stimulation IVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Hurley
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
| | - Fangbai Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Heping Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alex J. Polotsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Julie Sroga Rios
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, University of Cincinnati, West Chester, Ohio, USA
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Wilhoite MN, Robertshaw I, Hurley EG. HIGH ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE LEVEL PREDICTS OVULATION INDUCTION FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME. Fertil Steril 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Peterson KR, Burns KA, Starostanko A, Rios JS, Thakore S, Hurley EG. THE ROLE OF CXCR2 AND ITS LIGANDS IN ATTACHMENT, MIGRATION, AND INVASION OF MOUSE ENDOMETRIOSIS CELLS. Fertil Steril 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Li SY, Gu X, Heinrich A, Hurley EG, Capel B, DeFalco T. Loss of Mafb and Maf distorts myeloid cell ratios and disrupts fetal mouse testis vascularization and organogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:958-975. [PMID: 34007995 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis differentiation is initiated when Sry in pre-Sertoli cells directs the gonad toward a male-specific fate. Sertoli cells are essential for testis development, but cell types within the interstitial compartment, such as immune and endothelial cells, are also critical for organ formation. Our previous work implicated macrophages in fetal testis morphogenesis, but little is known about genes underlying immune cell development during organogenesis. Here we examine the role of the immune-associated genes Mafb and Maf in mouse fetal gonad development, and we demonstrate that deletion of these genes leads to aberrant hematopoiesis manifested by supernumerary gonadal monocytes. Mafb; Maf double knockout embryos underwent initial gonadal sex determination normally, but exhibited testicular hypervascularization, testis cord formation defects, Leydig cell deficit, and a reduced number of germ cells. In general, Mafb and Maf alone were dispensable for gonad development; however, when both genes were deleted, we observed significant defects in testicular morphogenesis, indicating that Mafb and Maf work redundantly during testis differentiation. These results demonstrate previously unappreciated roles for Mafb and Maf in immune and vascular development and highlight the importance of interstitial cells in gonadal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yun Li
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Xiaowei Gu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anna Heinrich
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Emily G Hurley
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
| | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Tony DeFalco
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA
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Sax MR, Hurley EG, Rossi RA, Thakore S, Hasija A, Sroga-Rios J. Young Adult Males' Perspectives of Male Hormonal Contraception. South Med J 2021; 114:73-76. [PMID: 33537786 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the willingness of young adult males to use male hormonal contraception and to determine the most desirable formulation. METHODS An institutional review board-approved survey measuring the willingness to use MHC was dispersed to two distinct populations: University of Cincinnati postgraduate programs and Cincinnati Health Department clinics. Questions on the survey allowed for the collection of demographic characteristics, as well as the preferred method of MHC, and concerns regarding potential adverse effects. This survey was directed at young adult males; therefore, only male participants who were 18 to 35 years old were included for analysis. Results were reported as frequencies in each group and χ2 analyses were performed to compare groups, with a P < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Of 162 total survey participants, 45% would use MHC, whereas 30.9% were unsure and 23.5% would not use MHC. Overall, the University of Cincinnati survey population was more likely to be interested in using MHC than the Cincinnati Health Department population (P < 0.05). In both populations, most were interested in using the injectable form. Cited concerns deterring participants from using MHC were different between these two populations, with University of Cincinnati participants more frequently expressing concerns about possible failure of the contraceptive method, whereas Cincinnati Health Department participants had concerns about potential adverse effects (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is significant interest among young adult males in using various forms of MHC, especially in injectable form. Differences in views of MHC were seen in two distinct male populations. Specifically, males who achieved a higher level of education, were employed, or in a relationship were found to more frequently be willing to use MHC. With further research and funding, MHC may serve as a significant way to decrease unintended pregnancies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Sax
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio and the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emily G Hurley
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio and the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Rocco A Rossi
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio and the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Suruchi Thakore
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio and the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Abhinav Hasija
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio and the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Julie Sroga-Rios
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio and the Ohio State University Fisher College of Business, Columbus, Ohio
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Hurley EG, Sun F, Zhang H, Polotsky AJ, Rios JS. MINIMAL STIMULATION USING GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE ANTAGONIST IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER LIVE BIRTH RATES: A NATIONAL STUDY OF 13,050 CYCLES. Fertil Steril 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.08.789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hurley EG, Pauletti G, Thomas MA. Reproductive age women are interested in self-administered vaginal contraceptives that prevent sexually transmitted infections. Fertil Steril 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hurley EG, Ressler IB, Young S, Batcheller A, Thomas MA, DiPaola KB, Rios J. Postponing Childbearing and Fertility Preservation in Young Professional Women. South Med J 2018; 111:187-191. [DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hurley EG, DeFranco EA. Influence of paternal age on perinatal outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 217:566.e1-566.e6. [PMID: 28784418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing trend to delay childbearing to advanced parental age. Increased risks of advanced maternal age and assisted reproductive technologies are widely accepted. There are limited data regarding advanced paternal age. To adequately counsel patients on risk, more research regarding advanced paternal age is necessary. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the influence of paternal age on perinatal outcomes, and to assess whether this influence differs between pregnancies achieved spontaneously and those achieved with assisted reproductive technology. STUDY DESIGN A population-based retrospective cohort study of all live births in Ohio from 2006 through 2012 was completed. Data were evaluated to determine if advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes in pregnancies. The analysis was stratified by status of utilization of assisted reproductive technology. Generalized linear regression models assessed the association of paternal age on pregnancy complications in assisted reproductive technology and spontaneously conceived pregnancies, after adjusting for maternal age, race, multifetal gestation, and Medicaid status, using Stata software (Stata, Release 12; StataCorp, College Station, TX). RESULTS Paternal age was documented in 82.2% of 1,034,552 live births in Ohio during the 7-year study period. Paternal age ranged from 12-87 years, with a median of 30 (interquartile range, 26-35) years. Maternal age ranged from 11-62 years, with a median of 27 (interquartile range, 22-31) years. The use of assisted reproductive technology in live births increased as paternal age increased: 0.1% <30 years vs 2.5% >60 years, P < .001. After accounting for maternal age and other confounding risk factors, increased paternal age was not associated with a significant increase in the rate of preeclampsia, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, congenital anomaly, genetic disorder, or neonatal intensive care unit admission. The influence of paternal age on pregnancy outcomes was similar in pregnancies achieved with and without assisted reproductive technology. CONCLUSION Older paternal age does not appear to pose an independent risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, in pregnancies achieved either with or without assisted reproductive technology. However, small effect sizes such as very small risk increases or decreases may not be detectable despite the large sample size in this study of >830,000 births.
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