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Chen B, Sweeny AR, Wu VY, Christofferson RC, Ebel G, Fagre AC, Gallichotte E, Kading RC, Ryan SJ, Carlson CJ. Exploring the Mosquito-Arbovirus Network: A Survey of Vector Competence Experiments. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:987-994. [PMID: 37037424 PMCID: PMC10160896 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses receive heightened research attention during major outbreaks or when they cause unusual or severe clinical disease, but they are otherwise undercharacterized. Global change is also accelerating the emergence and spread of arboviral diseases, leading to time-sensitive questions about potential interactions between viruses and novel vectors. Vector competence experiments help determine the susceptibility of certain arthropods to a given arbovirus, but these experiments are often conducted in real time during outbreaks, rather than with preparedness in mind. We conducted a systematic review of reported mosquito-arbovirus competence experiments, screening 570 abstracts to arrive at 265 studies testing in vivo arboviral competence. We found that more than 90% of potential mosquito-virus combinations are untested in experimental settings and that entire regions and their corresponding vectors and viruses are undersampled. These knowledge gaps stymie outbreak response and limit attempts to both build and validate predictive models of the vector-virus network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binqi Chen
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Amy R Sweeny
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Velen Y Wu
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Gregory Ebel
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Anna C Fagre
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Emily Gallichotte
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rebekah C Kading
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sadie J Ryan
- Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- College of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Colin J Carlson
- Center for Global Health Science and Security, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Frank DT, Byas AD, Murrieta R, Weger-Lucarelli J, Rückert C, Gallichotte E, Yoshimoto JA, Allen C, Bosco-Lauth AM, Graham B, Felix TA, Brault A, Ebel GD. Intracellular diversity of WNV within circulating avian peripheral blood mononuclear cells reveals host-dependent patterns of polyinfection. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.27.525959. [PMID: 36747638 PMCID: PMC9900929 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.27.525959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Error-prone replication of RNA viruses generates the genetic diversity required for adaptation within rapidly changing environments. Thus, arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) populations exist in nature as mutant swarms that are maintained between arthropods and vertebrates. Previous studies have demonstrated that West Nile virus (WNV) population dynamics are host dependent: In American crows, which experience extremely high viremia, purifying selection is weak and population diversity is high compared to American robins, which have 100 to 1000-fold lower viremia. WNV passed in robins experiences fitness gains, whereas that passed in crows does not. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that high crow viremia allows higher genetic diversity within individual avian peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), reasoning that this could have produced the previously observed host-specific differences in genetic diversity and fitness. Specifically, we infected cells and birds with a novel, barcoded version of WNV and sequenced viral RNA from single cells to quantify the number of WNV barcodes that each contained. Our results demonstrate that the richness of WNV populations within crows far exceeds that in robins. Similarly, rare WNV variants were maintained by crows more frequently than by robins. Our results suggest that increased viremia in crows relative to robins leads to maintenance of defective genomes and less prevalent variants, presumably through complementation. Our findings further suggest that weaker purifying selection in highly susceptible crows is attributable to this higher viremia, polyinfections and complementation. These studies further document the role of particular, ecologically relevant hosts in shaping virus population structure. Author Summary WNV mutational diversity in vertebrates is species-dependent. In crows, low frequency variants are common, and viral populations are more diverse. In robins, fewer mutations become permanent fixtures of the overall viral population. We infected crows, robins and a chicken cell line with a genetically marked (barcoded) WNV. Higher levels of virus led to multiple unique WNV genomes infecting individual cells, even when a genotype was present at low levels in the input viral stock. Our findings suggest that higher levels of circulating virus in natural hosts allow less fit viruses to survive in RNA virus populations through complementation by more fit viruses. This is significant as it allows less represented and less fit viruses to be maintained at low levels until they potentially emerge when virus environments change. Overall our data reveal new insights on the relationships between host susceptibility to high viremia and virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalit Talmi Frank
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex D. Byas
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Reyes Murrieta
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Claudia Rückert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Emily Gallichotte
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Janna A. Yoshimoto
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Chris Allen
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Angela M. Bosco-Lauth
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Barbara Graham
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Todd A. Felix
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Aaron Brault
- Division of Vector-borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory D. Ebel
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Nehring M, Pugh S, Dihle T, Gallichotte E, Nett T, Weber E, Mayo C, Lynn L, Ebel G, Fosdick BK, VandeWoude S. Laboratory-Based SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Serologic Assays Perform with Equivalent Sensitivity and Specificity to Commercial FDA-EUA Approved Tests. Viruses 2022; 15:106. [PMID: 36680146 PMCID: PMC9860642 DOI: 10.3390/v15010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During early phases of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, many research laboratories repurposed their efforts towards developing diagnostic testing that could aid public health surveillance while commercial and public diagnostic laboratories developed capacity and validated large scale testing methods. Simultaneously, the rush to produce point-of-care and diagnostic facility testing resulted in FDA Emergency Use Authorization with scarce and poorly validated clinical samples. Here, we review serologic test results from 186 serum samples collected in early phases of the pandemic (May 2020) from skilled nursing facilities tested with six laboratory-based and two commercially available assays. Serum neutralization titers were used to set cut-off values using positive to negative ratio (P/N) analysis to account for batch effects. We found that laboratory-based receptor binding domain (RBD) binding assays had equivalent or superior sensitivity and specificity compared to commercially available tests. We also determined seroconversion rate and compared with qPCR outcomes. Our work suggests that research laboratory assays can contribute reliable surveillance information and should be considered important adjuncts to commercial laboratory testing facilities during early phases of disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Nehring
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Sierra Pugh
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Tina Dihle
- Health and Medical Center Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Emily Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Terry Nett
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Eric Weber
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Christie Mayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Lori Lynn
- Health and Medical Center Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Greg Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Bailey K. Fosdick
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Stromberg S, Baxter BA, Dooley G, LaVergne SM, Gallichotte E, Dutt T, Tipton M, Berry K, Haberman J, Natter N, Webb TL, McFann K, Henao-Tamayo M, Ebel G, Rao S, Dunn J, Ryan EP. Relationships between plasma fatty acids in adults with mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 and the development of post-acute sequelae. Front Nutr 2022; 9:960409. [PMID: 36185653 PMCID: PMC9515579 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.960409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions across the globe. Many individuals are left with persistent symptoms, termed post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), for months after infection. Hyperinflammation in the acute and convalescent stages has emerged as a risk factor for poor disease outcomes, and this may be exacerbated by dietary inadequacies. Specifically, fatty acids are powerful inflammatory mediators and may have a significant role in COVID-19 disease modulation. Objective The major objective of this project was to pilot an investigation of plasma fatty acid (PFA) levels in adults with COVID-19 and to evaluate associations with disease severity and PASC. Methods and procedures Plasma from adults with (N = 41) and without (N = 9) COVID-19 was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess differences between the concentrations of 18 PFA during acute infection (≤14 days post-PCR + diagnosis) in adults with varying disease severity. Participants were grouped based on mild, moderate, and severe disease, alongside the presence of PASC, a condition identified in patients who were followed beyond acute-stage infection (N = 23). Results Significant differences in PFA profiles were observed between individuals who experienced moderate or severe disease compared to those with mild infection or no history of infection. Palmitic acid, a saturated fat, was elevated in adults with severe disease (p = 0.04), while behenic (p = 0.03) and lignoceric acid (p = 0.009) were lower in adults with moderate disease. Lower levels of the unsaturated fatty acids, γ-linolenic acid (GLA) (p = 0.03), linoleic (p = 0.03), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (p = 0.007), were observed in adults with moderate disease. Oleic acid distinguished adults with moderate disease from severe disease (p = 0.04), and this difference was independent of BMI. Early recovery-stage depletion of GLA (p = 0.02) and EPA (p = 0.0003) was associated with the development of PASC. Conclusion Pilot findings from this study support the significance of PFA profile alterations during COVID-19 infection and are molecular targets for follow-up attention in larger cohorts. Fatty acids are practical, affordable nutritional targets and may be beneficial for modifying the course of disease after a COVID-19 diagnosis. Moreover, these findings can be particularly important for overweight and obese adults with altered PFA profiles and at higher risk for PASC. Clinical trial registration [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04603677].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Stromberg
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Bridget A. Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Gregory Dooley
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie M. LaVergne
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Emily Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Taru Dutt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Madison Tipton
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kailey Berry
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jared Haberman
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nicole Natter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Tracy L. Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Kim McFann
- University of Colorado Health, Medical Center of the Rockies, Loveland, CO, United States
| | - Marcela Henao-Tamayo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Greg Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Julie Dunn
- University of Colorado Health, Medical Center of the Rockies, Loveland, CO, United States
| | - Elizabeth P. Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Liu P, Ridilla M, Patel P, Betts L, Gallichotte E, Shahidi L, Thompson NL, Jacobson K. Beyond attachment: Roles of DC-SIGN in dengue virus infection. Traffic 2017; 18:218-231. [PMID: 28128492 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin expressed on the plasma membrane by human immature dendritic cells, is a receptor for numerous viruses including Ebola, SARS and dengue. A controversial question has been whether DC-SIGN functions as a complete receptor for both binding and internalization of dengue virus (DENV) or whether it is solely a cell surface attachment factor, requiring either hand-off to another receptor or a co-receptor for internalization. To examine this question, we used 4 cell types: human immature dendritic cells and NIH3T3 cells expressing either wild-type DC-SIGN or 2 internalization-deficient DC-SIGN mutants, in which either the 3 cytoplasmic internalization motifs are silenced by alanine substitutions or the cytoplasmic region is truncated. Using confocal and super-resolution imaging and high content single particle tracking, we investigated DENV binding, DC-SIGN surface transport, endocytosis, as well as cell infectivity. DC-SIGN was found colocalized with DENV inside cells suggesting hand-off at the plasma membrane to another receptor did not occur. Moreover, all 3 DC-SIGN molecules on NIH3T3 cells supported cell infection. These results imply the involvement of a co-receptor because cells expressing the internalization-deficient mutants could still be infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Marc Ridilla
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pratik Patel
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laurie Betts
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily Gallichotte
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lidea Shahidi
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nancy L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ken Jacobson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Aparicio AM, Gallichotte E, Cheng H, Yoo SY, Maity S, Logothetis C, Tewari M. Abstract 1205: Circulating micro-RNAs can detect adaptive response to therapy and aggressive subset of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Circulating markers that inform of the adaptive biology and the clinical virulence of prostate cancer do not exist. Small cell carcinoma of the prostate (SCPC) is an aggressive, androgen receptor (AR)-negative, morphological variant that arises often during the castration-resistant progression of typical adenocarcinoma. Its presence is associated with a poor response to hormonal therapies and predicts for a short survival. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate a range of processes, including establishment and maintenance of tissue differentiation, and are well-preserved in serum. Based on the observation that SCPC are characterized by a loss of prostate epithelial marker expression (such as AR and HOXB13) and an increase in the expression of proneural transcription factors (such as MYCN and ASCL1) we formulated the hypothesis that the SCPC display a miRNA profile distinct from that of typical AR-driven prostate carcinomas. We profiled the miR extracted from the serum samples of 13 men with biopsy-proven SCPC, and of 9 men with bone-predominant metastatic CRPC. Because SCPC is associated with large tumor burdens, we selected patients with bone-predominant CRPC that had abnormally high alkaline phosphatase levels and PSA > 20ng/mL. 322 miR were detected in at least one of the 22 samples. We identified two miR that were present in 10 and 11 of 13 (77% and 85%) patients with SCPC and 3 and 1 of 9 (33% and 11%) of men with unselected typical bone-predominant CRPC. Both of these miRs have been shown to control multiple genes regulating neuronal differentiation and to induce the conversion of human fibroblasts into neurons, a mechanism which may be shared by prostate adenocarcinoma cells in their transdifferentiation to small cell prostate cancer cells. Moreover, one of them was recently shown to silence AR expression. Therefore we conclude that two circulating miRs may serve to monitor adaptive responses and identify virulent subsets of prostate cancer, thus serving to guide therapy and selection of patients for clinical trials. Validation of these findings is ongoing in a larger cohort of patients.
Citation Format: Ana M. Aparicio, Emily Gallichotte, Heather Cheng, Suk-Young Yoo, Sankar Maity, Christopher Logothetis, Muneesh Tewari. Circulating micro-RNAs can detect adaptive response to therapy and aggressive subset of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1205. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1205
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heather Cheng
- 2Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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