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Huynh KT, Walters S, Foley EK, Hunter JJ. Separate lifetime signatures of macaque S cones, M/L cones, and rods observed with adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2456. [PMID: 36774443 PMCID: PMC9922306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the retina, several molecules involved in metabolism, the visual cycle, and other roles exhibit intrinsic fluorescence. The overall properties of retinal fluorescence depend on changes to the composition of these molecules and their environmental interactions due to transient functional shifts, especially in disease. This behooves the understanding of the origins and deviations of these properties within the multilayered retina at high lateral and axial resolution. Of particular interest is the fluorescence lifetime, a potential biomarker of function and disease independent of fluorescence intensity that can be measured in the retina with adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (AOFLIO). This work demonstrates the utility of the phasor method of analysis, an alternate approach to traditional multiexponential fitting, to evaluate photoreceptor two-photon excited AOFLIO data and separate them based on functional differences. Phasor analysis on fluorescence lifetime decay data allowed the repeatable segregation of S from M/L cones, likely from differences in functional or metabolic demands. Furthermore, it is possible to track the lifetime changes in S cones after photodamage. Phasor analysis increases the sensitivity of AOFLIO to functional differences between cells and has the potential to improve our understanding of pathways involved in normal and diseased conditions at the cellular scale throughout the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khang T Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA.
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Sarah Walters
- Currently with IDEX Health & Science, West Henrietta, NY, 14586, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Emma K Foley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Jennifer J Hunter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
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Kennedy SA, Annett SL, Dunne MR, Boland F, O'Neill LM, Guinan EM, Doyle SL, Foley EK, Elliott JA, Murphy CF, Bennett AE, Carey M, Hillary D, Robson T, Reynolds JV, Hussey J, O'Sullivan J. Effect of the Rehabilitation Program, ReStOre, on Serum Biomarkers in a Randomized Control Trial of Esophagogastric Cancer Survivors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669078. [PMID: 34604026 PMCID: PMC8479183 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Rehabilitation Strategies Following Esophagogastric cancer (ReStOre) randomized control trial demonstrated a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness of esophagogastric cancer survivors. This follow-up, exploratory study analyzed the biological effect of exercise intervention on levels of 55 serum proteins, encompassing mediators of angiogenesis, inflammation, and vascular injury, from participants on the ReStOre trial. Methods Patients >6 months disease free from esophagogastric cancer were randomized to usual care or the 12-week ReStOre program (exercise training, dietary counselling, and multidisciplinary education). Serum was collected at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1), and at 3-month follow up (T2). Serum biomarkers were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Thirty-seven patients participated in this study; 17 in the control arm and 20 in the intervention arm. Exercise intervention resulted in significant alterations in the level of expression of serum IP-10 (mean difference (MD): 38.02 (95% CI: 0.69 to 75.35)), IL-27 (MD: 249.48 (95% CI: 22.43 to 476.53)), and the vascular injury biomarkers, ICAM-1 (MD: 1.05 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.66)), and VCAM-1 (MD: 1.51 (95% CI: 1.04 to 2.14)) at T1. A significant increase in eotaxin-3 (MD: 2.59 (95% CI: 0.23 to 4.96)), IL-15 (MD: 0.27 (95% CI: 0 to 0.54)) and decrease in bFGF (MD: 1.62 (95% CI: -2.99 to 0.26)) expression was observed between control and intervention cohorts at T2 (p<0.05). Conclusions Exercise intervention significantly altered the expression of a number of serum biomarkers in disease-free patients who had prior treatment for esophagogastric cancer. Impact Exercise rehabilitation causes a significant biological effect on serum biomarkers in esophagogastric cancer survivors. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03314311).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Kennedy
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie L Annett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Boland
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Linda M O'Neill
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emer M Guinan
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Doyle
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma K Foley
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jessie A Elliott
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor F Murphy
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annemarie E Bennett
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michelle Carey
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel Hillary
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Juliette Hussey
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Melo AM, Mylod E, Fitzgerald V, Donlon NE, Murphy DM, Foley EK, Bhardwaj A, Reynolds JV, Doherty DG, Lysaght J, Dunne MR, Conroy MJ. Tissue distribution of γδ T cell subsets in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108797. [PMID: 34273585 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic is contributing to increased prevalence of diseases fuelled by chronic inflammation, including cancer. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an obesity-associated malignancy with increasing prevalence, dismal prognosis, and severely dysregulated immune processes. We previously reported that αβ T cells migrate to omentum and liver in OAC and contribute to inflammation in these tissues. Here, we assessed the tissue distribution and phenotype of gamma/delta (γδ) T cells in the blood, omentum, liver and tumour of OAC patients. Our data show that the Vδ1 and Vδ3 subsets of γδ T cells are most prevalent in omentum and liver of OAC patients. Furthermore, γδ T cells are predominantly pro-inflammatory in these tissues, and co-express IFN-γ and IL-17. Moreover, γδ T cells exhibit cytotoxic capabilities in OAC omentum and liver. This study provides the first indication that γδ T cells contribute to obesity-associated inflammation in OAC and might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanty M Melo
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eimear Mylod
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Vivienne Fitzgerald
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Emma K Foley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Gastro-Intestinal Medicine and Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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4
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Donlon NE, Sheppard A, Davern M, O’Connell F, Phelan JJ, Power R, Nugent T, Dinneen K, Aird J, Greene J, Nevins Selvadurai P, Bhardwaj A, Foley EK, Ravi N, Donohoe CL, Reynolds JV, Lysaght J, O’Sullivan J, Dunne MR. Linking Circulating Serum Proteins with Clinical Outcomes in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma-An Emerging Role for Chemokines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113356. [PMID: 33202734 PMCID: PMC7698106 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer of the esophagus (food pipe) is an aggressive type of cancer with poor prognosis and rates are increasing. Current treatments help to prolong survival but only for a minority of patients, therefore there is an urgent need to discover why some people do not respond and to develop new and improved treatments. Newer treatments targeting the immune system show promise but the anti-tumor immune response in esophageal cancer is not well understood. This study measured levels of 54 immune markers in serum of patients with esophageal cancer and evaluated a link with patient clinical outcomes, e.g., survival time, response to treatment, and adverse events. We found that certain chemokines, proteins which control immune cell trafficking, were particularly high in patients who survived longer (CCL22 and CCL26) and responded to treatment (CCL4), suggesting the importance of immune cell movement in orchestrating an effective immune response to esophageal cancer. Abstract Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis and incidence is increasing rapidly in the Western world. Multi-modal treatment has improved survival outcomes but only for a minority of patients. Currently no markers have been identified to predict treatment response. This study investigated the association between clinical outcomes and pre-treatment levels of 54 serum proteins in n = 80 patients with EAC. Low tumor regression grade (TRG), corresponding to a favorable treatment response, was linked to prolonged overall survival (OS). CCL4 was higher in patients with a favorable treatment response, while Tie2 and CRP were higher in poor responders. Elevated CCL22 and CCL26 was associated with improved OS, while elevated IL-10 showed a negative association. CCL3, CCL4, IL-1α and IL-12/IL23p40 were highest in individuals with no adverse features of tumor biology, whereas levels of Tie2 and VEGF were lowest in this cohort. CCL4 was also elevated in patients with high tumor lymphocyte infiltration. Comparison of matched pre- and post-treatment serum (n = 28) showed a large reduction in VEGFC, and a concomitant increase in other cytokines, including CCL4. These data link several serum markers with clinical outcomes, highlighting an important role for immune cell trafficking in the EAC antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel E. Donlon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Andrew Sheppard
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Fiona O’Connell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - James J. Phelan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Robert Power
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Timothy Nugent
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Kate Dinneen
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (K.D.); (J.A.)
| | - John Aird
- Department of Histopathology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (K.D.); (J.A.)
| | - John Greene
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (J.G.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Paul Nevins Selvadurai
- Department of Medical Oncology, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (J.G.); (P.N.S.)
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Emma K. Foley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Claire L. Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O’Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Margaret R. Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland; (N.E.D.); (A.S.); (M.D.); (F.O.); (J.J.P.); (R.P.); (T.N.); (A.B.); (E.K.F.); (N.R.); (C.L.D.); (J.V.R.); (J.L.); (J.O.)
- Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, St James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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5
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Buckley AM, Dunne MR, Morrissey ME, Kennedy SA, Nolan A, Davern M, Foley EK, Clarke N, Lysaght J, Ravi N, O'Toole D, MacCarthy F, Reynolds JV, Kennedy BN, O'Sullivan J. Real-time metabolic profiling of oesophageal tumours reveals an altered metabolic phenotype to different oxygen tensions and to treatment with Pyrazinib. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12105. [PMID: 32694701 PMCID: PMC7374542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is the 6th most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. The current standard of care for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) focuses on neoadjuvant therapy with chemoradiation or chemotherapy, however the 5-year survival rates remain at < 20%. To improve treatment outcomes it is critical to further investigate OAC tumour biology, metabolic phenotype and their metabolic adaptation to different oxygen tensions. In this study, by using human ex-vivo explants we demonstrated using real-time metabolic profiling that OAC tumour biopsies have a significantly higher oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a measure of oxidative phosphorylation compared to extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), a measure of glycolysis (p = 0.0004). Previously, we identified a small molecule compound, pyrazinib which enhanced radiosensitivity in OAC. Pyrazinib significantly inhibited OCR in OAC treatment-naïve biopsies (p = 0.0139). Furthermore, OAC biopsies can significantly adapt their metabolic rate in real-time to their environment. Under hypoxic conditions pyrazinib produced a significant reduction in both OCR (p = 0.0313) and ECAR in OAC treatment-naïve biopsies. The inflammatory secretome profile from OAC treatment-naïve biopsies is heterogeneous. OCR was positively correlated with three secreted factors in the tumour conditioned media: vascular endothelial factor A (VEGF-A), IL-1RA and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). Pyrazinib significantly inhibited IL-1β secretion (p = 0.0377) and increased IL-3 (p = 0.0020) and IL-17B (p = 0.0181). Importantly, pyrazinib did not directly alter the expression of dendritic cell maturation markers or reduce T-cell viability or activation markers. We present a new method for profiling the metabolic rate of tumour biopsies in real-time and demonstrate the novel anti-metabolic and anti-inflammatory action of pyrazinib ex-vivo in OAC tumours, supporting previous findings in-vitro whereby pyrazinib significantly enhanced radiosensitivity in OAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria E Morrissey
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan A Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife Nolan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Davern
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma K Foley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Clarke
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot O'Toole
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finbar MacCarthy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute and UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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6
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Melo AM, O'Brien AM, Phelan JJ, Kennedy SA, Wood NAW, Veerapen N, Besra GS, Clarke NE, Foley EK, Ravi A, MacCarthy F, O'Toole D, Ravi N, Reynolds JV, Conroy MJ, Hogan AE, O'Sullivan J, Dunne MR. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Display Diminished Effector Capacity in Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1580. [PMID: 31354725 PMCID: PMC6635552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis, and incidence is increasing rapidly in the Western world. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize bacterial metabolites and kill infected cells, yet their role in OAC is unknown. We aimed to elucidate the role of MAIT cells during cancer development by characterizing the frequency, phenotype, and function of MAIT cells in human blood and tissues, from OAC and its pre-malignant inflammatory condition Barrett's oesophagus (BO). Blood and tissues were phenotyped by flow cytometry and conditioned media from explanted tissue was used to model the effects of the tumor microenvironment on MAIT cell function. Associations were assessed between MAIT cell frequency, circulating inflammatory markers, and clinical parameters to elucidate the role of MAIT cells in inflammation driven cancer. MAIT cells were decreased in BO and OAC blood compared to healthy controls, but were increased in oesophageal tissues, compared to BO-adjacent tissue, and remained detectable after neo-adjuvant treatment. MAIT cells in tumors expressed CD8, PD-1, and NKG2A but lower NKG2D than BO cohorts. MAIT cells produced less IFN-γ and TNF-α in the presence of tumor-conditioned media. OAC cell line viability was reduced upon exposure to expanded MAIT cells. Serum levels of chemokine IP-10 were inversely correlated with MAIT cell frequency in both tumors and blood. MAIT cells were higher in the tumors of node-negative patients, but were not significantly associated with other clinical parameters. This study demonstrates that OAC tumors are infiltrated by MAIT cells, a type of CD8 T cell featuring immune checkpoint expression and cytotoxic potential. These findings may have implications for immunotherapy and immune scoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanty M Melo
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling M O'Brien
- Childhood Obesity Research Group, National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James J Phelan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan A Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicole A W Wood
- Childhood Obesity Research Group, National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh E Clarke
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma K Foley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Akshaya Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Finbar MacCarthy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot O'Toole
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Narayamasami Ravi
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,National Oesophageal and Gastric Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,National Oesophageal and Gastric Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melissa J Conroy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Childhood Obesity Research Group, National Children's Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland.,Obesity Immunology Research Group, Human Health Institute, Maynooth University, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Guinan EM, Doyle SL, O’Neill L, Dunne MR, Foley EK, O’Sullivan J, Reynolds JV, Hussey J. Effects of a multimodal rehabilitation programme on inflammation and oxidative stress in oesophageal cancer survivors: the ReStOre feasibility study. Support Care Cancer 2016; 25:749-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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