Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Critically Ill Burn Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study

BACKGROUND

Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility impedes nutrient delivery in critically ill patients with major burns. We aimed to quantify the incidence, timing, and factors associated with GI dysmotility and subsequent nutrition delivery.

METHODS

A 10-year retrospective observational study included mechanically ventilated, adult, critically ill patients with ≥15% total body surface area (TBSA) burns receiving nutrition support. Patients with a single gastric residual volume ≥250 mL were categorized as having GI dysmotility. Daily medical and nutrition data were extracted for ≤14 days in the intensive care unit (ICU). Data are mean (SD) or median (interquartile range). Factors associated with GI dysmotility and the effect on nutrition and clinical outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS

Fifty-nine patients were eligible; 51% (n = 30) with GI dysmotility and 49% (n = 29) without. Baseline characteristics (dysmotility vs no dysmotility) were age (48 [33-60] vs 34 [26-46] years); Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (16 [12-17] vs 13 [10-16]); sex ([men] 80% vs 86%); and TBSA (49% [35%-59%] vs 38% [26%-55%]). Older age was associated with increased probability of dysmotility (P = .049). GI dysmotility occurred 32 (19-63) hours after ICU admission but was not associated with reduced nutrient delivery. Postpyloric tube insertions were attempted in 83% (n = 25) of patients, with 72% (n = 18) being successful. Postpyloric feeding achieved higher nutrition adequacy than gastric feeding (energy: 82% [95% CI, 70-94] vs 68% [95% CI, 63-74], P = .036; protein: 75% [95% CI, 65-86] vs 61% [95% CI, 56-65], P = .009).

CONCLUSION

GI dysmotility occurs early in critically ill burn patients, and postpyloric feeding improves nutrition delivery.