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Muharram G, Thépaut M, Lobert PE, Grandjean T, Boulard O, Delacre M, Wakeford E, Wheeler R, Poulin LF, Boneca IG, Lafont F, Michallet MC, Hober D, Cadwell K, Chamaillard M. Activation of Nod2 signaling upon norovirus infection enhances antiviral immunity and susceptibility to colitis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2249960. [PMID: 37655966 PMCID: PMC10478738 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2249960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 90% of epidemic non-bacterial gastroenteritis are caused by human noroviruses (NoVs), which persist in a substantial subset of people allowing their spread worldwide. This has led to a significant number of endemic cases and up to 70,000 children deaths in developing countries. NoVs are primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route. To date, studies have focused on the influence of the gut microbiota on enteric viral clearance by mucosal immunity. In this study, the use of mouse norovirus S99 (MNoV_S99) and CR6 (MNoV_CR6), two persistent strains, allowed us to provide evidence that the norovirus-induced exacerbation of colitis severity relied on bacterial sensing by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (Nod2). Consequently, Nod2-deficient mice showed reduced levels of gravity of Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis with both viral strains. And MNoV_CR6 viremia was heightened in Nod2-/- mice in comparison with animals hypomorphic for Atg16l1, which are prone to aggravated inflammation under DSS. Accordingly, the infection of macrophages derived from WT mice promoted the phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1) and NOD2's expression levels. Higher secretion of Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα ) following NOD2 activation and better viral clearance were measured in these cells. By contrast, reduced levels of pSTAT1 and blunted downstream secretion of TNFα were found in Nod2-deficient macrophages infected by MNoV_S99. Hence, our results uncover a previously unidentified virus-host-bacterial interplay that may represent a novel therapeutic target for treating noroviral origin gastroenteritis that may be linked with susceptibility to several common illnesses such as Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaffar Muharram
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marion Thépaut
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Teddy Grandjean
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Boulard
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Delacre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Emmrich Wakeford
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Richard Wheeler
- TERI (Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity), Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Franz Poulin
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- TERI (Tumor Escape, Resistance and Immunity), Centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Inserm 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Michallet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unité de Biologie et génétique de la paroi bactérienne, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, INSERM U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
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