Recommendations for the management of yttrium-90 radioembolization in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: a multidisciplinary review

PURPOSE

Strategies for the treatment of liver metastases from colon cancer (lmCRC) are constantly evolving. Radioembolization with yttrium 90 (Y-90 TARE) has made significant advancements in treating liver tumors and is now considered a potential option allowing for future resection. This study reviewed the scientific evidence and developed recommendations for using Y-90 TARE as a treatment strategy for patients with unresectable lmCRC.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary scientific committee, consisting of experts in medical oncology, hepatobiliary surgery, radiology, and nuclear medicine, all with extensive experience in treating patients with ImCRC with Y-90 TARE, led this project. The committee established the criteria for conducting a comprehensive literature review on Y-90 TARE in the treatment of lmCRC. The data extraction process involved addressing initial preliminary inquiries, which were consolidated into a final set of questions.

RESULTS

This review offers recommendations for treating patients with lmCRC using Y-90 TARE, addressing four areas covering ten common questions: 1) General issues (multidisciplinary tumor committee, indications for treatment, contraindications); 2) Previous process (predictive biomarkers for patient selection, preintervention tests, published evidence); 3) Procedure (standard procedure); and 4) Post-intervention follow-up (potential toxicity and its management, parameters for evaluation, quality of life).

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the insights of the multidisciplinary committee, this document offers a comprehensive overview of the technical aspects involved in the management of Y-90 TARE. It synthesizes recommendations for applying Y-90 TARE across various phases of the treatment process.

Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus after liver transplant and the impact of family history of diabetes in a Mexican cohort

INTRODUCTION AND AIMS

Posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a serious long-term complication that has a negative impact on graft and patient survival. The purpose of the present study was to describe the incidence of PTDM in a Mexican cohort and evaluate its association with a previous family history of diabetes (FHD).

METHODS

A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). The primary outcome was time from LT to PTDM. The diagnosis of PTDM was established using the ADA criteria. A mediation analysis that used adjusted Cox regression models and considered pretransplant prediabetes a mediator was performed, to determine the total effect and direct effect of FHD on PTDM.

RESULTS

A total of 152 patients were included, with a median follow-up time of 41 months; 19.2% (n = 29) had pretransplant diabetes. During the follow-up time, 15% of patients developed PTDM (n = 23), with an incidence rate of 4.71 cases/100 person-years. PTDM was significantly higher in patients with FHD, compared with those with no FHD (8.72 cases/100 person-years vs 2.04 cases/100 person-years, respectively; p = 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratio of PTDM for FHD was 4.14 (95% CI 1.60-10.7), p = 0.005) and 3.48 (95% CI 1.35-9.01, p = 0.010), when further controlled for pretransplant prediabetes.

CONCLUSION

The occurrence of PTDM was similar to that reported in most international studies. As with type 2 diabetes, family history plays an important role in the development of PTDM, even after accounting for pretransplant prediabetes. Patients with FHD should undergo a stricter metabolic program.

Biomarkers associated with survival and favourable outcome of radioembolization with yttrium-90 glass microspheres for colon cancer liver metastases: Single centre experience

OBJECTIVE

To determine the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases and to evaluate the prognostic value of different biomarkers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This prospective longitudinal study enrolled consecutive patients with CRC liver metastases treated with TARE between November 2015 and june 2020. The therapeutic response at three and six months (RECIST1.1 criteria) and the relationship of biomarkers with therapeutic response, by calculating objective tumor response rates (ORR) and disease control (DCR), and overall survival (OS) and progression-free (PFS).

RESULTS

Thirty TAREs were performed in 23 patients (mean age, 61.61 ± 9.13 years; 56.5% male). At three months, the objective response rate (ORR) was 16.7% and the disease control rate (DCR) 53.3%. At six months, the disease progressed in 80%. The ORR and DCR were significantly associated with age at diagnosis (P = 0.047), previous bevacizumab treatment (P = 0.008), pre-TARE haemoglobin (P = 0.008), NLR (P = 0.040), pre-TARE albumin (P = 0.012), pre-TARE ALT (P = 0.023) and tumour-absorbed dose > 115 Gy (P = 0.033). Median overall survival (OS) was 12 months (95% CI, 4.75-19.25 months) and median progression-free survival (PFS) 3 months (95% CI, 2.41-3.59). OS was significantly associated with primary tumour resection (P = 0.019), KRAS mutation (HR: 5.15; P = 0.024), pre-TARE haemoglobin (HR: 0.50; p = 0.009), pre-TARE NLR (HR: 1.65; P = 0.005) and PLR (HR: 1.01; P = 0.042).

CONCLUSION

TARE prognosis and therapeutic response were predicted by different biomarkers, ranging from biochemical parameters to tumour dosimetrics.

Biomarkers associated with survival and favourable outcome of radioembolization with yttrium-90 glass microspheres for colon cancer liver metastases: Single centre experience

OBJETIVE

To determine the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with Yttrium-90 in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases and to evaluate the prognostic value of different biomarkers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This prospective longitudinal study enrolled consecutive patients with CRC liver metastases treated with TARE between November 2015 and june 2020. The therapeutic response at three and six months (RECIST1.1 criteria) and the relationship of biomarkers with therapeutic response, by calculating objective tumor response rates (ORR) and disease control (DCR), and overall survival (OS) and progression-free (PFS).

RESULTS

Thirty TAREs were performed in 23 patients (mean age, 61,61±9,13 years; 56,5% male). At three months, the objective response rate (ORR) was 16,7% and the disease control rate (DCR) 53,3%. At six months, the disease progressed in 80%. The ORR and DCR were significantly associated with age at diagnosis (P=.047), previous bevacizumab treatment (P=.008), pre-TARE haemoglobin (P=.008), NLR (P=.040), pre-TARE albumin (P=.012), pre-TARE ALT (P=.023) and tumour-absorbed dose>115Gy (P=.033). Median overall survival (OS) was 12 months (95% CI, 4.75-19.25 months) and median progression-free survival (PFS) 3 months (95% CI, 2.41-3.59). OS was significantly associated with primary tumour resection (P=.019), KRAS mutation (HR: 5.15; P=.024), pre-TARE haemoglobin (HR: .50; p=.009), pre-TARE NLR (HR: 1.65; P=.005) and PLR (HR: 1.01; P=.042).

CONCLUSION

TARE prognosis and therapeutic response were predicted by different biomarkers, ranging from biochemical parameters to tumour dosimetrics.

Multidisciplinary management of liver metastases in patients with colorectal cancer: a consensus of SEOM, AEC, SEOR, SERVEI, and SEMNIM

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second-highest tumor incidence and is a leading cause of death by cancer. Nearly 20% of patients with CRC will have metastases at the time of diagnosis, and more than 50% of patients with CRC develop metastatic disease during the course of their disease. A group of experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Association of Surgeons, the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology, the Spanish Society of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, and the Spanish Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging met to discuss and provide a multidisciplinary consensus on the management of liver metastases in patients with CRC. The group defined the different scenarios in which the disease can present: fit or unfit patients with resectable liver metastases, patients with potential resectable liver metastases, and patients with unresectable liver metastases. Within each scenario, the different strategies and therapeutic approaches are discussed.

SEOM clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) (2018)

NENs are a heterogeneous family of tumors of challenging diagnosis and clinical management. Their incidence and prevalence continue to rise across all sites, stages and grades. Although improved diagnostic techniques have led to earlier detection and stage migration, the improved prognosis documented over time for advanced gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors also reflect improvements in therapy. The aim of this guideline is to update practical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroenteropancreatic and lung NENs. Diagnostic procedures, histological classification and therapeutic options are briefly discussed, including surgery, liver-directed therapy, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and systemic hormonal, cytotoxic or targeted therapy, and treatment algorithms are provided.

SEOM clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer death in Spain, the objective of this guide published by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology is to develop a consensus for the diagnosis and management of metastatic disease. The optimal treatment strategy for patients with metastatic CRC should be discussed in a multidisciplinary expert team to select the most appropriate treatment, and integrate systemic treatment and other options such as surgery and ablative techniques depending on the characteristics of the tumour, the patient and the location of the disease and metastases.

Abstract P4-21-16: Phase III trial to evaluate patient´s preference for subcutaneous versus intravenous trastuzumab administration in patients with HER2 positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) under IV trastuzumab (IV-t) treatment for at least 4 months. ChangHER-SC study (GEICAM/2012-07)

Background: Patients with HER2-positive ABC, receive anti-HER2 treatment for several months or even years. IV-t is administered weekly or 3-weekly, mandating patients to visit the hospital on a regular basis to receive infusions. This has inconveniences for patients and increase treatment costs. Subcutaneous administration could improve convenience of trastuzumab therapy. This study was designed to evaluate patient's preference for IV-t or SC trastuzumab (SC-t) in ABC patients.

Methods:This is a phase III, open label, multicenter study inpatients with HER2 positive ABC, receiving IV-t for at least 4 months and without evidence of disease progression. Patients received 600 mg of SC-t, either from a vial or from a single injection device (SID), every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. Before starting SC-t, patients received an additional IV-t cycle. Patients were randomized 1:1 to arm A, receiving 2 cycles of SC-t with vial followed by 2 cycles with SID or arm B, receiving the opposite sequence. After cycle 4, patients decided to continue with IV-t or SC-t till disease progression. Stratification criteria were the associated therapy (Chemotherapy, Hormone-therapy or none) and its administration route (IV, oral or none). Patients completed a questionnaire of experiences and preferences at three time points: before starting SC-t, after cycle 2 and after cycle 4. Health Care Professionals completed a satisfaction questionnaire every 5 patients. The primary objective was to evaluate patient´s preference for IV-t or SC-t (after cycle 2) and, secondary objectives were, to evaluate patient´s preference between the two SC-t administrations (vial or SID) after cycle 4, Health Care Professional satisfaction, associated costs of the administration options (Time and Motion pharmacoeconomic study) and safety.

Results: From September-13 to July-15, 166 patients were randomized (81 arm A, 85 arm B) in 26 Spanish sites from GEICAM. Median age was 60 years (35-93), 88% of patients were postmenopausal and 123 and 42 had an ECOG PS of 0 and 1, respectively. The median duration of prior IV-t for ABC was 1.8 years (range: 0.3-14). Patients received a median of 2 previous lines of Chemotherapy and/or Hormone-therapy (range: 1-9). Twenty patients were receiving pertuzumab at inclusion. According to patient questionnaires completed after cycle 2, 137 patients preferred the SC-t (66 arm A, 71 arm B), 11 the IV-t (6 arm A, 5 arm B), 11 didn't have a preference (4 arm A, 7 arm B), and 7 didn't answer (3 progressed, 2 withdrew participation before cycle 2 and 2 unknown reason). Three of the 11 patients choosing IV-t were receiving IV treatment as accompanying therapy; after cycle 4 five of these 11 patients finally continued with SC-t, 5 with IV-t and 1 progressed. From the 11 patients without any preference 7 received SC-t, 2 receive IV-t and 2 progressed; from the 137 patients preferring SC-t, 125 actually received it, 3 received IV-t and 9 progressed.

Conclusions: Our study shows that 82.5% of patients preferred the SC-t over the IV-t. Treatment choice was not influenced by the accompanying therapy.

Citation Format: Ciruelos EM, Montaño Á, Rodríguez CA, González-Flores E, Lluch A, Garrigós L, Quiroga V, Antón A, Malón D, Chacón JI, Velasco M, Gonzalez-Cortijo L, Jolis L, Pascual T, Amigo Y, Casas M, Cámara MC, Carrasco E, Casas A. Phase III trial to evaluate patient´s preference for subcutaneous versus intravenous trastuzumab administration in patients with HER2 positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) under IV trastuzumab (IV-t) treatment for at least 4 months. ChangHER-SC study (GEICAM/2012-07) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-21-16.

Capecitabine and irinotecan with bevacizumab 2-weekly for metastatic colorectal cancer: the phase II AVAXIRI study

Background

The optimal sequence of chemotherapeutic agents is not firmly established for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This phase II multi-centre study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of a standard capecitabine plus irinotecan (XELIRI) regimen with bevacizumab in previously untreated patients with mCRC.

Methods

Patients received intravenous irinotecan 175 mg/m² on day 1 and oral capecitabine 1000 mg/m² (800 mg/m² for patients >65 years of age) twice daily on days 2–8, followed by a 1-week rest, and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg as an intravenous infusion on day 1 every 2 weeks.

Results

Seventy-seven patients were included in the intention-to-treat and safety populations. Progression-free survival at 9 months was 61%. The overall response and disease control rates were 51% and 84%, respectively. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 11.9 and 24.8 months, respectively. 48 patients (62%) had at least one grade 3/4 adverse event, the most common being asthenia, diarrhoea and neutropenia. Quality of life varied little over the study period with mean visual analogue scale general health scores ranging from 71 to 76 over cycles 1–11.

Conclusion

Our study found irinotecan and capecitabine administered fortnightly with bevacizumab in patients with mCRC to be an effective and tolerable regimen.

Trial registration

clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00875771. Trial registration date: 04/02/2009.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1293-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.