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Gobba F, Dall'Olio E, Modenese A, De Maria M, Campi L, Cavallini GM. Work-Related Eye Injuries: A Relevant Health Problem. Main Epidemiological Data from a Highly-Industrialized Area of Northern Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017; 14:ijerph14060604. [PMID: 28587288 PMCID: PMC5486290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The province of Modena is one of the most industrialized areas of Northern Italy. The medical records of the Ophthalmological Emergency Department (OED) of Modena University Hospital were studied: there were 13,470 OED accesses in 2014 and in 754 cases that an occupational eye injury occurred. The frequency of work-related eye injuries (3‰) was lower compared to other published studies, but the absolute number is still relevant, showing the need for more adequate prevention, especially in metal work, construction work, and agriculture, where the worst prognoses were observed. Intervention programs must be implemented as early as possible in the working life, considering that the frequency in younger workers is about double that of the oldest age class (3.5‰ vs. 1.8‰), and special attention should also be given to foreigners, who have a 50% higher injury risk. Furthermore, the planning of specific interventions for eye-injured workers may be useful, considering that a previous injury does not appear to encourage the adoption of preventive interventions, and a subgroup of eye-injured workers have a potential risk for new injuries. Finally, the data presented here indicates how OED records, integrated with specific occupational information, can be applied for studies on work-related eye injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabriziomaria Gobba
- Chair of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Enrico Dall'Olio
- Chair of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Alberto Modenese
- Chair of Occupational Medicine, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Michele De Maria
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Luca Campi
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
| | - Gian Maria Cavallini
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy.
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Belli S, Santi D, Leoni E, Dall'Olio E, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Pelusi C, Roli L, Tagliavini S, Trenti T, Granata AR, Pagotto U, Pasquali R, Rochira V, Carani C, Simoni M. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation gives evidence of differences in testicular steroidogenesis in Klinefelter syndrome, as assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:801-11. [PMID: 27188454 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) show hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, but the pathogenesis of hypotestosteronemia remains unclear. Testicular steroidogenesis in KS men was evaluated over three decades ago after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation, but inconclusive results were obtained. Intriguingly, some recent studies show increased intratesticular testosterone concentrations in men with KS. OBJECTIVE To analyze serum steroid profile, as a proxy of testicular steroidogenesis, after hCG stimulation in KS compared with control men. DESIGN A prospective, longitudinal, case-control, clinical trial. METHODS Thirteen KS patients (36±9 years) not receiving testosterone (TS) replacement therapy and 12 eugonadic controls (32±8 years) were enrolled. Serum steroids were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at baseline and for five consecutive days after intramuscular injection of 5000IU hCG. RESULTS Progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), TS, and estradiol (E2) showed a significant increase (P<0.001) after hCG stimulation in both groups. On the contrary, androstenedione (AS) and dehydroepiandrosterone did not increase after hCG stimulation. The 17OHP/P ratio increased in both groups (P<0.001), the TS/AS ratio (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD3) activity) did not increase after hCG in any group, and the E2/TS ratio (aromatase activity) increased significantly in both groups (P=0.009 in KS and P<0.001 in controls). Luteinizing hormone decreased after hCG in both groups (P=0.014 in KS and P<0.001 in controls), whereas follicle-stimulating hormone decreased only in control men (P<0.001). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time using LC-MS/MS that Leydig cells of KS men are able to respond to hCG stimulation and that the first steps of steroidogenesis are fully functional. However, the TS production in KS men is impaired, possibly related to reduced hydroxysteroid deydrogenase activity due to an unfavorable intratesticular metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Belli
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - D Santi
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - E Leoni
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Dall'Olio
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Fanelli
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Mezzullo
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Pelusi
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Roli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological AnatomyAzienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - S Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological AnatomyAzienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - T Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological AnatomyAzienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - A R Granata
- Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - U Pagotto
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Pasquali
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, Unit S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Alma Mater University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Rochira
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - C Carani
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - M Simoni
- Unit of EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Department of MedicineEndocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy Center for Genomic ResearchUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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