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Vargas KJ, Colosi PL, Girardi E, Park JM, Harmon LE, Chandra SS. α-Synuclein colocalizes with AP180 and affects the size of clathrin lattices. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105091. [PMID: 37516240 PMCID: PMC10470054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein and family members β- and γ-synuclein are presynaptic proteins that sense and generate membrane curvature, properties important for synaptic vesicle (SV) cycling. αβγ-synuclein triple knockout neurons exhibit SV endocytosis deficits. Here, we investigated if α-synuclein affects clathrin assembly in vitro. Visualizing clathrin assembly on membranes using a lipid monolayer system revealed that α-synuclein increases clathrin lattices size and curvature. On cell membranes, we observe that α-synuclein is colocalized with clathrin and its adapter AP180 in a concentric ring pattern. Clathrin puncta that contain both α-synuclein and AP180 were significantly larger than clathrin puncta containing either protein alone. We determined that this effect occurs in part through colocalization of α-synuclein with the phospholipid PI(4,5)P2 in the membrane. Immuno-electron microscopy (EM) of synaptosomes uncovered that α-synuclein relocalizes from SVs to the presynaptic membrane upon stimulation, positioning α-synuclein to function on presynaptic membranes during or after stimulation. Additionally, we show that deletion of synucleins impacts brain-derived clathrin-coated vesicle size. Thus, α-synuclein affects the size and curvature of clathrin structures on membranes and functions as an endocytic accessory protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina J Vargas
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P L Colosi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; PREP Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Girardi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leah E Harmon
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sreeganga S Chandra
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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2
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Virciglio S, Orso F, Herbst A, Camartini V, Girardi E, Ghiara C, Perfetti G, Pratesi A, Di Bari M, Ungar A, Fattirolli F, Marchionni N, Baldasseroni S. P253 INDEPENDENT PREDICTORS OF 1–YEAR MORTALITY IN OLDEST OLD PATIENTS MANAGED BY A GERIATRIC–CARDIOLOGY HF UNIT OF AOU CAREGGI. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac012.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A multidisciplinary heart team and continuum care approach seems to be the most appropriate clinical strategy in order to reduce mortality, functional decline and disability of frail and clinical complex oldest old patients affected by heart failure (HF). We analysed the independent predictors of 1 year–total mortality in our cohort of oldest old HF patients.
Methods
All patients aged > 85 years referred to our Heart Failure Unit of a Tertiary teaching hospital were consecutively enrolled in the study and were evaluated at first visit with a comprehensive assessment recording cardiological, geriatric and bio–humoral variables. Then we assessed with a multivariable Cox regression analysis the independent predictors of 1–year all–cause mortality.
Results
87 patients were enrolled (mean age 89 ± 2.7 years, range 86–96 years); 48.9% were females, 57.9% were in NYHA class III or IV, 43.2% had HFpEF, 36.4% had an ischemic aethiology, 69.3% had a history of atrial fibrillation, 19.3% were living alone, the mean number of prescribed drugs was 8.8 ± 2.2, EVEREST congestion score was 5.2 ± 2.6, mean NT–proBNP was 8187 ± 11170 pg/ml. In the year after enrolment, 25 patients (34.1%) had more than one HF hospitalisation and 17 patients (19%) died. Among all clinical variables, living alone, having had one or more HF hospitalisation and HF–type (HFpEF, HFmrEF, HFrEF), EVEREST congestion score, trans–tricuspid gradient and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with 1–year mortality. At multivariable Cox–regression model only living alone (HR 3.34; 95% CI: 1.16–9.64) and EVEREST congestion score (HR 1.24; 95% CI: 1.04–1.46) resulted significantly associated with 1–year mortality. In the Figure we report the Kaplan–Meier curves according to the EVEREST congestion score (dichotomized according to a median value of 4) and living alone (yes vs not).
Conclusions
In a cohort of HF oldest old patients tightly managed in a dedicated cardiologic and geriatric Heart Failure Unit, 1–year all–cause mortality was independently predicted by a clinical score of congestion and by living alone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Virciglio
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - F Orso
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - A Herbst
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - V Camartini
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - E Girardi
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - C Ghiara
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - G Perfetti
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - A Pratesi
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - M Di Bari
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - A Ungar
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - F Fattirolli
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - N Marchionni
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
| | - S Baldasseroni
- AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, AMBULATORIO SCOMPENSO CARDIACO, UTIG, FIRENZE; OSPEDALE DI EMPOLI, GERIATRIA, EMPOLI; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO DI GERIATRIA, UTIG, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA UNIVERSITARIA CAREGGI (AOUC), DIPARTIMENTO CARDIOTORACOVASCOLARE, RIABILITAZIONE CARDIOLOGICA, FIRENZE; AZIENDA OSPEDALIERA
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3
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Salucci C, Girardi E, Orso F, Herbst A, Migliorini M, Ghiara C, Virciglio S, Camartini V, Tognelli S, Fortini G, Di Bari M, Baldasseroni S, Ungar A, Marchionni N, Fattirolli F. P248 THE SCORE TELEHFCOVID19, ONE MONTH FOLLOW UP : A TELEHEALTH APPROACH TO MANAGE ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE DURING COVID–19 PANDEMIC. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022. [PMCID: PMC9384048 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suac012.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Due to the total lockdown during COVID–19 pandemic, clinicians were forced to organize telephone visits or tele–monitoring. We developed a standardized multiparametric questionnaire, suitable for telephone administration to older heart failure (HF) patients and/or their caregivers. Purpose To compare clinical characteristics of the three groups (green, yellow, red) of patients classified by baseline TeleHFCovid19–Score and evaluate its ability to predict one–month in elderly patients with chronic HF. Methods The TeleHFCovid–19 score was obtained from a multiparametric questionnaire administered, from April 2020, during televisits to patients (or caregivers), which were divided in progressively increasing risk groups: green (0–3), yellow (4–8) and red (≥9). The primary study outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes and/or hospitalization for HF, which individually were secondary outcomes. Results We enrolled 146 patients. Mean age was 81±9 years, females were 40%. In all the study population there was a high prevalence of self–reported adherence to guidelines–recommended drug treatments and behavioural measures, as well as a broad intake of diuretic therapy. Patients in green group had lower use of high dose loop diuretic (p < 0.001) or thiazide–like diuretic and had reported less frequently dyspnoea at rest or for basic activities, new/worsening extremities oedema or weight increase (all p < 0.001). Through scheduled phone contacts we were able to improve the overall clinical status of our patients even over a short (1 month) follow–up.The primary composite outcome of CV death and/or HF hospitalisation occurred in 8.2%, with a significantly lower prevalence in the green than in the yellow and red groups, and when analysing separately, we found that death for CV causes occurred more frequently in the red group than in the other two, while HF hospitalisations were significantly less frequent in the green group than in the red or yellow. ROC analysis confirmed the high sensibility and specificity of our score (AUC=0.883, 95% CI 0.806–0.959) with a score <4.5 (very close to green group cut–off) that identified lower–risk subjects (p < 0.001).
Conclusions The TeleHFCovid19–Score score was able to correctly recognize a low risk, green group. Therefore, the score could be used to identify low risk patients which could be followed remotely, reserving a tighter on–site clinical follow–up to higher events risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salucci
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | - E Girardi
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | - F Orso
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | - A Herbst
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | | | - C Ghiara
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | | | | | - S Tognelli
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | - G Fortini
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | - M Di Bari
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
| | | | - A Ungar
- AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE; AOU CAREGGI, FIRENZE
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Cingolani A, Tavelli A, Calvino GV, Maggiolo F, Girardi E, Cozzi-Lepri A, Perziano A, Meli P, Camposeragna A, Mattioli S, Calzavara D, Gagliardini R, Nozza S, Antinori A, d'Arminio Monforte A. Awareness and perception of accuracy of the Undetectable=Untransmittable message (U=U) in Italy: results from a survey among PLWHA, infectious-diseases physicians and people having unprotected sex. AIDS Care 2022; 35:923-933. [PMID: 35579404 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2022.2074960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidences on the absence of risk of sexual transmission of HIV by persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) with undetectable plasma HIV-RNA (HIV-RNA <200 copies/ml) led to the worldwide campaign "U = U" (undetectable = untransmittable). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perceived accuracy of this message among PLWHA, HIV-negative people having unprotected sex (PHUS) and infectious diseases' (ID) physicians in Italy. A nationwide survey has been conducted using three different anonymous questionnaires (for ID physicians, PLWHA and PHUS). A total of 1121 participants filled the questionnaires: 397 PLWHA; 90 physicians; 634 PHUS. Awareness of U = U message has been reported in 74%, 92% and 47% of PLWHA, ID physicians and PHUS, respectively. The perception of accuracy of the U = U message among those aware was reported as high in 80.4%, 79.5% and 67.3% of PLWHA, ID physicians and PHUS, respectively. Physicians perceived that 11% of PLWHA have a high rate of perception of U = U, whereas among PLWHA, only 34% reported definitive positive messages from physicians. Discrepancies between awareness and perception of accuracy of the message U = U in PLWHA and physicians have been found, suggesting still low confidence in the community regarding the message itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cingolani
- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - F Maggiolo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Epidemiology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A Perziano
- Associazione Arcobaleno AIDS, Torino, Italy
| | - P Meli
- Associazione Comunità Emmaus, Bergamo Fast Track City, Italy
| | - A Camposeragna
- Coordinamento Nazionale Comunita' di Accoglienza (CNCA), Roma, Italy
| | | | | | - R Gagliardini
- HIV/AIDS Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Nozza
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- HIV/AIDS Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A d'Arminio Monforte
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, Infectious Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy for ICONA Fundation Study Group
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- Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Infectious Diseases Unit, Rome, Italy
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Taibi C, Luzzitelli I, Visco Comandini U, Girardi E, Monacelli G, Rapisarda LM, Garbuglia AR, Minosse C, Guarrasi V, Vincenzi L, Iacomi F, D'Offizi G. Hepatitis C diagnosis and treatment in people who use drugs: mind the gap in the linkage to care. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:5913-5921. [PMID: 34661249 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202110_26867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify a simplified rapid screening and linkage-to-care model for HCV among PWUD. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study stems from a collaborative project bringing together two local Italian Centers for Drug Addiction and the Hepatology-Infectious Diseases Department of Lazzaro Spallanzani. A research physician analyzed the available medical records seeking to identify HCV and HIV infected patients in care in the addiction centers. Between March 2018 and January 2020 subjects were selected from among a cohort of 720 PWUD in the two Centers' care. The study comprises three steps: first, screening for HCVAb; second, the linkage to care; third, clinical assessment to treatment. The research physician recruited patients for the first two steps directly in their local addiction center. The third step was conducted in the Spallanzani. The characteristics of those subjects who adhered to the three-step study program were then compared to those of the non-adhering PWUD. RESULTS 194 were known HCVAb positive patients. Of the 505 PWUD in the care of the two Centers eligible for screening, 364 were enrolled in the study. 144 resulted HCVAb positive. 269 were tested for HCVRNA. 101 underwent a full assessment. 96 patients started antiviral therapy with DAA. Patients who refused first step screening were older patients and mainly heroin users; in the second step, almost all the HIV/HCV co-infected patients agreed to a viremia test; in the third step all the HIV/HCV co-infected patients refused HCV treatment. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests an on-site specialist approach conducted directly in the addiction centers themselves starting from screening; it can bring the goal of HCV PWUD microelimination closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Taibi
- Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Riccardi N, Saderi L, Borroni E, Tagliani E, Cirillo DM, Marchese V, Matteelli A, Piana A, Castellotti P, Ferrarese M, Gualano G, Palmieri F, Girardi E, Codecasa L, Sotgiu G. Therapeutic strategies and outcomes of MDR and pre-XDR-TB in Italy: a nationwide study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:395-399. [PMID: 33977908 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment outcomes in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients are suboptimal in several low-incidence countries.METHODS: The primary outcome measure was the proportion of successfully treated patients in Italy during an 18-year period. Secondary outcomes were treatment outcomes in certain drug-containing regimens and the possibility for the WHO shorter MDR-TB regimen.RESULTS: In the 191 patients included (median age at admission: 33 years; 67.5% male, following drug-resistance patterns were found: MDR-TB in 68.6%, pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) in 30.4% and XDR-TB in 1.1% patients. The most frequently prescribed drugs were fluoroquinolones in 84.6% cases, amikacin in 48.7%, linezolid in 34.6% and meropenem/clavulanic acid in 29.5%. The median duration of treatment was 18 months. Treatment success was achieved in 71.2% patients, of whom, 44% were cured and 27.2% completed treatment. Treatment success rates did not statistically differ between the MDR- (68.8%) and pre-XDR-TB (77.6%) groups (P = 0.26). Treatment success rates had large variability between North and South of Italy (81.3% vs. 53.3%). Only 22.5% of the cases would have been eligible for shorter MDR-TB regimensCONCLUSION: Our study highlights variability in treatment outcomes in MDR- and pre-XDR-TB patients. Study findings confirmed the potential utility of linezolid and, for patients with limited oral options, meropenem/clavulanic acid and amikacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Riccardi
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientific (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - L Saderi
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - E Borroni
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Tagliani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - D M Cirillo
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - V Marchese
- WHO Collaborating Centre for TB/HIV Collaborative Activities and for the TB Elimination Strategy, University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Matteelli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for TB/HIV Collaborative Activities and for the TB Elimination Strategy, University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Piana
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - P Castellotti
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, Regional TB Reference Centre, Istituto Villa Marelli, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Ferrarese
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, Regional TB Reference Centre, Istituto Villa Marelli, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G Gualano
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Italy
| | - F Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Codecasa
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, Regional TB Reference Centre, Istituto Villa Marelli, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - G Sotgiu
- StopTB Italia Onlus, Milan, Italy, Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Roen AO, Podlekareva D, Miller RF, Mocroft A, Panteleev A, Skrahina A, Miro JM, Cayla JA, Tetradov S, Derisova E, Furrer H, Losso MH, Vassilenko A, Girardi E, Lundgren JD, Post FA, Kirk O. A new health care index predicts short term mortality for TB and HIV co-infected people. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 24:956-962. [PMID: 33156764 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Using 2004-2007 TB:HIV Study data<x/> from Europe and Latin America, we previously generated a health care index (HCI) for TB and HIV co-infected people. With improvements in diagnostic and management practices, we have now updated the HCI with new data.METHODS: We evaluated nine aspects of health care in Cox proportional hazards models on time from TB diagnosis to death. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the probability of death by HCI quartile.RESULTS: Of 1396 eligible individuals (72% male, 59% from Eastern Europe), 269 died within 12 months. Use of rifamycin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide-based treatment (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.89), TB drug susceptibility testing (DST) and number of active TB drugs (DST + <3 drugs (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.80-1.48), DST + ≥3 drugs (HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.35-0.70) vs. no DST), recent HIV-RNA measurement (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.82) and combination antiretroviral therapy use (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.97) were associated with mortality. These factors contributed respectively 5, -1, 8, 5 and 4 to the HCI<x/>. Lower HCI was associated with an increased probability of death; 30% (95% CI 26-35) vs. 9% (95% CI 6-13) in the lowest vs. the highest quartile.<x/>CONCLUSION: We found five potentially modifiable health care components that were associated with mortality among TB-HIV positive individuals. Validation of our HCI in other TB cohorts could enhance our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Roen
- University College London (UCL) Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - D Podlekareva
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R F Miller
- UCL Centre for Clinical Research in Infection and Sexual Health, Institute for Global Health, UCL London, UK
| | - A Mocroft
- University College London (UCL) Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - A Panteleev
- Department of HIV/TB, TB Hospital 2, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Skrahina
- The Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona
| | - J A Cayla
- Servicio de Epidemiología, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Tetradov
- Dr Victor Babes´ Hospital of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - E Derisova
- Botkin Infectious Disease Hospital, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - H Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M H Losso
- Department of Immunocompromised, Hospital JM Ramos Mejia, Pabellón de Cliníca, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Vassilenko
- Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Department of Infectious Diseases, City Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Minsk, Belarus
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale L Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - J D Lundgren
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F A Post
- Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and the TB:HIV Study Group (complete list of study group listed in the Supplementary Data)
| | - O Kirk
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Cannas A, Butera O, Gualano G, Parracino MP, Venditti C, Mazzarelli A, Palmieri F, Girardi E, Di Caro A. Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis In A Referral Center In Rome: 2011- 2016. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:3275-3281. [PMID: 31695446 PMCID: PMC6805241 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s218744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major burden to public health in low incidence countries in Europe. The aim of this study was to attempt to have a better insight into the trends of MDR-TB in the metropolitan area of Rome, within the Italian and the foreign-born population, based on microbiological and demographic data. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a prospective study, collecting microbiological data based on phenotypic drug-resistant testing (DST) of TB strains consecutively isolated in a referral hospital in Rome, the capital city of a low TB incidence country, over a 6-year period, and correlated them to the geographical origin of patients. This study was carried out in a referral hospital for patients with drug-resistant TB from the whole region. RESULTS Drug-resistance data from 926 patients with a microbiological diagnosis of TB from 2011 to 2016 show a 5.5% rate of MDR-TB, mostly occurring in patients born in a single East European country, that has a high incidence of MDR-TB. The strains isolated from these patients frequently carry additional resistances, leading to an increased risk of developing extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB. CONCLUSION In the great metropolitan area of Rome, MDR-TB more frequently occurs in patients who were born in a single country from Eastern Europe known to have high rates of MDR-TB and long-time residents in Italy. Recent immigrants from non-European countries do not appear to contribute to the rates of MDR-TB reported in this article. This knowledge of local TB trends could help improve the measures of surveillance and prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cannas
- Microbiology and Bio-Repository Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - O Butera
- Microbiology and Bio-Repository Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - MP Parracino
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Venditti
- Microbiology and Bio-Repository Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Mazzarelli
- Microbiology and Bio-Repository Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Caro
- Microbiology and Bio-Repository Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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9
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Castaneda N, Lee M, Rivera‐Jacquez HJ, Marracino RR, Girardi E, Tang JX, Merlino TR, Kang H. Molecular Crowding Modulates Actin Filament Mechanics and Structure. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.779.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Castaneda
- NanoScience Technology CenterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
| | - Myeongsang Lee
- NanoScience Technology CenterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
| | | | - Ryan R Marracino
- NanoScience Technology CenterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
| | | | - Jay X Tang
- Physics DepartmentBrown UniversityProvidenceRI
| | | | - Hyeran Kang
- NanoScience Technology CenterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL
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10
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d'Arminio Monforte A, Diaz-Cuervo H, De Luca A, Maggiolo F, Cingolani A, Bonora S, Castagna A, Girardi E, Antinori A, Lo Caputo S, Guaraldi G, Cozzi-Lepri A. Evolution of major non-HIV-related comorbidities in HIV-infected patients in the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals (ICONA) Foundation Study cohort in the period 2004-2014. HIV Med 2018; 20:99-109. [PMID: 30461158 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of HIV disease is complicated by the incidence of a new spectrum of comorbid noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). It is important to document changes in the prevalence of NCDs over time. The aim of the study was to describe the impact of ageing on HIV markers and on the prevalence of NCDs in people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals (ICONA) seen for care in 2004-2014. METHODS Analyses were conducted separately for a closed cohort (same people seen at both times) and an open cohort (all people under follow-up). We used the χ2 test for categorical factors and the Wilcoxon test for quantitative factors to compare profiles over time. RESULTS The closed cohort included 1517 participants and the open cohort 3668 under follow-up in 2004 and 6679 in 2014. The median age of the open cohort was 41 [interquartile range (IQR) 37-46] years in 2004 and 44 (IQR 36-52) years in 2014. Analysis of the closed cohort showed an increase in the prevalence of some NCDs [the prevalence of dyslipidaemia increased from 75% in 2004 to 91% in 2014, that of hypertension from 67 to 84%, and that of cardiovascular disease (CVD) from 18 to 32%] and a decrease in renal function (5% with eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 in 2004 versus 30% in 2014); the percentage of people in the high-risk group for the Framingham CHD score more than tripled (from 13 to 45%). Results in the open cohort were similar. CONCLUSIONS The burden of NCDs in our PLWHIV population markedly worsened over a 10-year time-span, which is likely to be a result of the effects of both ageing and HIV infection as well as their interaction. Special attention must be given to the management and prevention of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A d'Arminio Monforte
- Department of Health Sciences, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A De Luca
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Maggiolo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - A Cingolani
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Cattolica University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Bonora
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Castagna
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University vita E. Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- INMI Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
| | | | - S Lo Caputo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bagno A. Ripoli Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - G Guaraldi
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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11
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Fabeni L, Alteri C, Di Carlo D, Orchi N, Carioti L, Bertoli A, Gori C, Forbici F, Continenza F, Maffongelli G, Pinnetti C, Vergori A, Mondi A, Ammassari A, Borghi V, Giuliani M, De Carli G, Pittalis S, Grisetti S, Pennica A, Mastroianni CM, Montella F, Cristaudo A, Mussini C, Girardi E, Andreoni M, Antinori A, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Perno CF, Santoro MM. Dynamics and phylogenetic relationships of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance according to subtype in Italy over the years 2000-14. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:2837-2845. [PMID: 29091206 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transmitted drug-resistance (TDR) remains a critical aspect for the management of HIV-1-infected individuals. Thus, studying the dynamics of TDR is crucial to optimize HIV care. Methods In total, 4323 HIV-1 protease/reverse-transcriptase sequences from drug-naive individuals diagnosed in north and central Italy between 2000 and 2014 were analysed. TDR was evaluated over time. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic trees with bootstrap and Bayesian-probability supports defined transmission clusters. Results Most individuals were males (80.2%) and Italian (72.1%), with a median (IQR) age of 37 (30-45) years. MSM accounted for 42.2% of cases, followed by heterosexuals (36.4%). Non-B subtype infections accounted for 30.8% of the overall population and increased over time (<2005-14: 19.5%-38.5%, P < 0.0001), particularly among Italians (<2005-14: 6.5%-28.8%, P < 0.0001). TDR prevalence was 8.8% and increased over time in non-B subtypes (<2005-14: 2%-7.1%, P = 0.018). Overall, 467 transmission clusters (involving 1207 individuals; 27.9%) were identified. The prevalence of individuals grouping in transmission clusters increased over time in both B (<2005-14: 12.9%-33.5%, P = 0.001) and non-B subtypes (<2005-14: 18.4%-41.9%, P = 0.006). TDR transmission clusters were 13.3% within the overall cluster observed and dramatically increased in recent years (<2005-14: 14.3%-35.5%, P = 0.005). This recent increase was mainly due to non-B subtype-infected individuals, who were also more frequently involved in large transmission clusters than those infected with a B subtype [median number of individuals in transmission clusters: 7 (IQR 6-19) versus 4 (3-4), P = 0.047]. Conclusions The epidemiology of HIV transmission changed greatly over time; the increasing number of transmission clusters (sometimes with drug resistance) shows that detection and proper treatment of the multi-transmitters is a major target for controlling HIV spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fabeni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Alteri
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - D Di Carlo
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - N Orchi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - L Carioti
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Bertoli
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - C Gori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Forbici
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Continenza
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - C Pinnetti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Vergori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Mondi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ammassari
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - V Borghi
- Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - M Giuliani
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G De Carli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Pittalis
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Grisetti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - F Montella
- S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Cristaudo
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Mussini
- Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Andreoni
- University Hospital Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - C F Perno
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Caraffa E, Schepisi MS, Gualano G, Parracino MP, Rianda A, Corpolongo A, Pinnetti C, Galati V, Carballo M, Ippolito G, Palmieri F, Girardi E. The diabetes-tuberculosis co-epidemic: the role of international migration. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:771-7. [PMID: 27155180 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.15.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING A tuberculosis (TB) referral centre in Rome, Italy. OBJECTIVE To identify demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) among patients with TB and to compare the clinical presentation of TB and TB-DM in the light of the growing worldwide burden of DM. DESIGN We performed a retrospective study of TB cases diagnosed from 2007 to 2012. RESULTS Among 971 TB patients, 723 were foreign-born and 63 (6.5%) had DM. DM prevalence was 12.7% (8/63) among those born in countries with DM prevalence ⩾8%, 4.7% (31/660) among patients from countries with DM prevalence <8% and 9.7% among Italian patients (24/248). In multivariable analysis, DM was independently associated with older age, and with being born in countries other than Italy, compared to Italians; this latter association was stronger in older patients. DM patients were also significantly more likely to be male and less likely to test positive for the human immunodeficiency virus. The presence of cavities was significantly associated with DM. CONCLUSIONS As individuals born in high TB incidence and high DM prevalence countries emerge as a vulnerable population, greater attention to bidirectional low-cost screening in people from these countries is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Caraffa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - M Sañé Schepisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - G Gualano
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - M P Parracino
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - A Rianda
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - A Corpolongo
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - C Pinnetti
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - V Galati
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - M Carballo
- International Centre for Migration, Health and Development, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Ippolito
- Office of the Scientific Director, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Palmieri
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L Spallanzani 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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13
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Petrone L, Cannas A, Vanini V, Cuzzi G, Aloi F, Nsubuga M, Sserunkuma J, Nazziwa RA, Jugheli L, Lukindo T, Girardi E, Antinori A, Pucci L, Reither K, Goletti D. Blood and urine inducible protein 10 as potential markers of disease activity. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2018; 20:1554-1561. [PMID: 27776600 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.16.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Blood interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10) has been proposed as a biomarker of disease activity for both tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Urine IP-10 has been detected in adults with active TB, and its level decreases after successful anti-tuberculosis treatment. OBJECTIVE To evaluate blood and urine IP-10 as biomarker of disease activity. DESIGN Patients with HIV-TB and active TB were enrolled. Individuals with HIV infection only and healthy donors were included as controls. Blood and urine IP-10 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Of 39 active TB patients enrolled, 24 were HIV-infected and 15 were HIV-uninfected. Of 87 control subjects without active TB, 54 were HIV-infected and 33 were HIV-uninfected. IP-10 analysis was performed in patients with concomitant blood and urine sample collection. Blood IP-10 was associated with active TB, regardless of HIV infection status; urine IP-10 levels were increased in active TB patients, although the difference was significant in HIV-infected individuals only. Finally, in HIV-infected patients, both blood and urine IP-10 levels were inversely correlated with CD4 T-cell counts. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that IP-10 could be used as a biomarker for disease activity (inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- L Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), Rome, Italy
| | - A Cannas
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), Rome, Italy
| | - V Vanini
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), Rome, Italy
| | - G Cuzzi
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), Rome, Italy
| | - F Aloi
- Italian Association for Solidarity Among People, Kampala, St Francis Nsambya Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - M Nsubuga
- St Francis Nsambya Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - R A Nazziwa
- St Francis Nsambya Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - L Jugheli
- Medical Services and Diagnostic Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - T Lukindo
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Rome, Italy
| | | | - L Pucci
- Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology Laboratory, INMI, Rome, Italy
| | - K Reither
- Medical Services and Diagnostic Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo Research and Training Center, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - D Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI), Rome, Italy
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14
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Efsen AMW, Schultze A, Miller RF, Panteleev A, Skrahin A, Podlekareva DN, Miro JM, Girardi E, Furrer H, Losso MH, Toibaro J, Caylà JA, Mocroft A, Lundgren JD, Post FA, Kirk O. Management of MDR-TB in HIV co-infected patients in Eastern Europe: Results from the TB:HIV study. J Infect 2018; 76:44-54. [PMID: 29061336 PMCID: PMC6293190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mortality among HIV patients with tuberculosis (TB) remains high in Eastern Europe (EE), but details of TB and HIV management remain scarce. METHODS In this prospective study, we describe the TB treatment regimens of patients with multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). RESULTS A total of 105 HIV-positive patients had MDR-TB (including 33 with extensive drug resistance) and 130 pan-susceptible TB. Adequate initial TB treatment was provided for 8% of patients with MDR-TB compared with 80% of those with pan-susceptible TB. By twelve months, an estimated 57.3% (95%CI 41.5-74.1) of MDR-TB patients had started adequate treatment. While 67% received ART, HIV-RNA suppression was demonstrated in only 23%. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that internationally recommended MDR-TB treatment regimens were infrequently used and that ART use and viral suppression was well below the target of 90%, reflecting the challenging patient population and the environment in which health care is provided. Urgent improvement of management of patients with TB/HIV in EE, in particular for those with MDR-TB, is needed and includes widespread access to rapid TB diagnostics, better access to and use of second-line TB drugs, timely ART initiation with viral load monitoring, and integration of TB/HIV care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M W Efsen
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | - A Schultze
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - R F Miller
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6JB, UK
| | - A Panteleev
- Department of HIV/TB, TB hospital 2, Ushinskogo str 39/1 - 122, St. Petersburg 195267, Russia
| | - A Skrahin
- Clinical Department, Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and TB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - D N Podlekareva
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Infectious Diseases INMI "L. Spallanzani", Ospedale L Spallanzani, Via Portuense, 292, Rome 00149, Italy
| | - H Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
| | - M H Losso
- Department of immunocompromised, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia, Pabellón de Cliníca, 2do Piso, Buenos Aires CP 1221, Argentina
| | - J Toibaro
- Department of immunocompromised, Hospital J.M. Ramos Mejia, Pabellón de Cliníca, 2do Piso, Buenos Aires CP 1221, Argentina
| | - J A Caylà
- Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Programa Integrado de Investigación en Tuberculosis de SEPAR (PII-TB), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Mocroft
- Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - J D Lundgren
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - F A Post
- Department of Sexual Health, Caldecot Centre, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - O Kirk
- CHIP, Department of Infectious Diseases, Finsencentret, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Muscatello A, Bandera A, Fabbiani M, De Benedetto I, Ammassari A, Antinori A, Calcagno A, Celesia B, Cingolani A, d'Ettorre G, Di Biagio A, Focà E, Girardi E, Gulminetti R, Madeddu G, Marchetti G, Mussini C, Nozza S, Orofino G, Ripamonti D, Rusconi S, Tambussi G, Gori A. O4 Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) during primary HIV infection (PHI) is associated with faster optimal immunological recovery: results of Italian Network of ACuTe HIV InfectiON (INACTION) retrospective study. J Virus Erad 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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16
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Saracino A, Lorenzini P, Lo Caputo S, Girardi E, Castelli F, Bonfanti P, Rusconi S, Caramello P, Abrescia N, Mussini C, Monno L, d'Arminio Monforte A. Increased risk of virologic failure to the first antiretroviral regimen in HIV-infected migrants compared to natives: data from the ICONA cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 22:288.e1-8. [PMID: 26551839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Migrant and Italian HIV-infected patients (n = 5773) enrolled in the ICONA cohort in 2004-2014 were compared for disparities in access to an initial antiretroviral regimen and/or risk of virologic failure (VF), and determinants of failure were evaluated. Variables associated with initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) were analysed. Primary endpoint was time to failure after at least 6 months of ART and was defined as: VF, first of two consecutive virus loads (VL) >200 copies/mL; treatment discontinuation (TD) for any reason; and treatment failure as confirmed VL >200 copies/mL or TD. A Poisson multivariable analysis was performed to control for confounders. Migrants presented significantly lower CD4 counts and more frequent AIDS events at baseline. When adjusting for baseline confounders, migrants presented a lower likelihood to begin ART (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67-0.95, p 0.012). After initiating ART, the incidence VF rate was 6.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.8-8.5) in migrants and 2.7 in natives (95% CI 2.2-3.3). Multivariable analysis confirmed that migrants had a higher risk of VF (incidence rate ratio 1.90, 95% CI 1.25-2.91, p 0.003) and treatment failure (incidence rate ratio 1.16, 95% CI 1.01-1.33, p 0.031), with no differences for TD. Among migrants, variables associated with VF were age, unemployment and use of a boosted protease inhibitor-based regimen versus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Despite the use of more potent and safer drugs in the last 10 years, and even in a universal health care setting, migrants living with HIV still present barriers to initiating ART and an increased risk of VF compared to natives.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saracino
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
| | - P Lorenzini
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Lo Caputo
- Santissima Annunziata Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani,' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - F Castelli
- University Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - P Bonfanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Lecco, Lecco, Italy
| | - S Rusconi
- Department of Infectious Disease, L. Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P Caramello
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit I, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - N Abrescia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cotugno Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - C Mussini
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - L Monno
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A d'Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Mussini C, Antinori A, Bhagani S, Branco T, Brostrom M, Dedes N, Bereczky T, Girardi E, Gökengin D, Horban A, Lacombe K, Lundgren JD, Mendao L, Mocroft A, Oprea C, Porter K, Podlekareva D, Battegay M, d'Arminio Monforte A. European AIDS Clinical Society Standard of Care meeting on HIV and related coinfections: The Rome Statements. HIV Med 2015; 17:445-52. [PMID: 26492497 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the 1st European AIDS Clinical Society meeting on Standard of Care in Europe was to raise awareness of the European scenario and come to an agreement on actions that could be taken in the future. METHODS Data-driven presentations were given on specific topics followed by interactive panel discussions. RESULTS In Eastern European countries, the epidemic is largely driven by injecting drug use, in contrast with Western Europe where the infection mainly occurs through heterosexual contact. A high proportion of people living with HIV remain unaware of their infection. Substantial differences exist in Eastern Europe and Central Asia with respect to treatment coverage, regimen availability and continuity of drug supply. In 2012, tuberculosis case notification rates were 5-10 times higher in Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe, with an alarming proportion of newly diagnosed multi-drug-resistant cases. Hepatitis C is widespread in selected geographical areas and risk groups. CONCLUSIONS The key conclusion from the meeting was that a high-priority group of actions could be identified, including: increasing HIV awareness and testing, improving training for health care providers, ensuring equitable patient access to treatments and diagnostics for HIV and comorbidities, and implementing best practices in infection control and treatment of HIV-infected patients coinfected with tuberculosis and hepatitis C virus, for whom direct acting antiviral treatment. should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mussini
- University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Disease 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - S Bhagani
- University College London, London, UK
| | - T Branco
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - E Girardi
- National Institute for Infectious Disease 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | | | - A Horban
- Warsaw Medical University and Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - J D Lundgren
- Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - A Mocroft
- University College London, London, UK
| | - C Oprea
- Victor Babes Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - K Porter
- University College London, London, UK
| | - D Podlekareva
- Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Battegay
- University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Cingolani A, Zona S, Girardi E, Cozzi-Lepri A, Monno L, Quiros Roldan E, Guaraldi G, Antinori A, D'Arminio Monforte A, Marcotullio S. Incidence and factors associated with the risk of sexually transmitted diseases in HIV-infected people seen for care in Italy: data from the Icona Foundation cohort. HIV Med 2015; 16:412-20. [PMID: 25959419 PMCID: PMC4682467 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aims of this study were to identify temporal trends in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in a cohort of HIV-infected people and to evaluate factors associated with the risk of a new STD diagnosis. Methods All HIV-infected patients in the Icona Foundation Study cohort enrolled after 1998 were included in this study. STD incidence rates (IRs) were calculated and stratified by calendar period. Predictors of STDs were identified using a Poisson regression model with sandwich estimates for standard errors. Results Data for 9168 participants were analysed [median age 37.3 (range 18–81) years; 74% male; 30% men who have sex with men (MSM)]. Over 46 736 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), 996 episodes of STDs were observed [crude IR 21.3/1000 PYFU; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.0–22.6/1000 PYFU]. In multivariable Poisson regression analysis, MSM [rate ratio (RR) 3.03; 95% CI 2.52–3.64 versus heterosexuals], calendar period (RR 1.67; 95% CI 1.42–1.97 for 2008–2012 versus 1998–2002), HIV RNA > 50 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL (RR 1.44; 95% CI 1.19–1.74 versus HIV RNA ≤ 50 copies/mL) and a current CD4 count < 100 cells/μL (RR 4.66; 95% CI 3.69–5.89; P < 0.001 versus CD4 count > 500 cells/μL) were associated with an increased risk of STDs. In contrast, older age (RR 0.82 per 10 years older; 95% CI 0.77–0.89) and being currently on ART (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.33–0.45) compared with being ART-naïve or on a treatment interruption were associated with a lower risk of developing STDs. Conclusions An increase in the incidence of STDs was observed in more recent years. Interventions to prevent STDs and potential spread of HIV should target the younger population, MSM and people currently not receiving ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cingolani
- Department of Public Health, Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Zona
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Univeristy of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - E Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - A Cozzi-Lepri
- Department of Infection and Population Health, Division of Population Health, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - L Monno
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E Quiros Roldan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Guaraldi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Univeristy of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - A Antinori
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - A D'Arminio Monforte
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo University Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Angeletti C, Pezzotti P, Antinori A, Mammone A, Navarra A, Orchi N, Lorenzini P, Mecozzi A, Ammassari A, Murachelli S, Ippolito G, Girardi E. Antiretroviral treatment-based cost saving interventions may offset expenses for new patients and earlier treatment start. HIV Med 2013; 15:165-74. [PMID: 24495188 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has become the main driver of total costs of caring for persons living with HIV (PLHIV). The present study estimated the short/medium-term cost trends in response to the recent evolution of national guidelines and regional therapeutic protocols for cART in Italy. METHODS We developed a deterministic mathematical model that was calibrated using epidemic data for Lazio, a region located in central Italy with about six million inhabitants. RESULTS In the Base Case Scenario, the estimated number of PLHIV in the Lazio region increased over the period 2012-2016 from 14 414 to 17 179. Over the same period, the average projected annual cost for treating the HIV-infected population was €147.0 million. An earlier cART initiation resulted in a rise of 2.3% in the average estimated annual cost, whereas an increase from 27% to 50% in the proportion of naïve subjects starting cART with a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen resulted in a reduction of 0.3%. Simplification strategies based on NNRTIs co-formulated in a single tablet regimen and protease inhibitor/ritonavir-boosted monotherapy produced an overall reduction in average annual costs of 1.5%. A further average saving of 3.3% resulted from the introduction of generic antiretroviral drugs. CONCLUSIONS In the medium term, cost saving interventions could finance the increase in costs resulting from the inertial growth in the number of patients requiring treatment and from the earlier treatment initiation recommended in recent guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Angeletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
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20
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Podlekareva DN, Grint D, Post FA, Mocroft A, Panteleev AM, Miller RF, Miro JM, Bruyand M, Furrer H, Riekstina V, Girardi E, Losso MH, Caylá JA, Malashenkov EA, Obel N, Skrahina AM, Lundgren JD, Kirk O. Health care index score and risk of death following tuberculosis diagnosis in HIV-positive patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2013; 17:198-206. [PMID: 23317955 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.12.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess health care utilisation for patients co-infected with TB and HIV (TB-HIV), and to develop a weighted health care index (HCI) score based on commonly used interventions and compare it with patient outcome. METHODS A total of 1061 HIV patients diagnosed with TB in four regions, Central/Northern, Southern and Eastern Europe and Argentina, between January 2004 and December 2006 were enrolled in the TB-HIV study. A weighted HCI score (range 0-5), based on independent prognostic factors identified in multivariable Cox models and the final score, included performance of TB drug susceptibility testing (DST), an initial TB regimen containing a rifamycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, and start of combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). RESULTS The mean HCI score was highest in Central/Northern Europe (3.2, 95%CI 3.1-3.3) and lowest in Eastern Europe (1.6, 95%CI 1.5-1.7). The cumulative probability of death 1 year after TB diagnosis decreased from 39% (95%CI 31-48) among patients with an HCI score of 0, to 9% (95%CI 6-13) among those with a score of ≥4. In an adjusted Cox model, a 1-unit increase in the HCI score was associated with 27% reduced mortality (relative hazard 0.73, 95%CI 0.64-0.84). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DST, standard anti-tuberculosis treatment and early cART may improve outcome for TB-HIV patients. The proposed HCI score provides a tool for future research and monitoring of the management of TB-HIV patients. The highest HCI score may serve as a benchmark to assess TB-HIV management, encouraging continuous health care improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Podlekareva
- Copenhagen HIV Programme, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Podlekareva DN, Panteleev AM, Grint D, Post FA, Miro JM, Bruyand M, Furrer H, Obel N, Girardi E, Vasilenko A, Losso MH, Arenas-Pinto A, Cayla J, Rakhmanova A, Zeltina I, Werlinrud AM, Lundgren JD, Mocroft A, Kirk O. Short- and long-term mortality and causes of death in HIV/tuberculosis patients in Europe. Eur Respir J 2013; 43:166-77. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00138712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Antonucci G, Mazzotta F, Puoti M, Angeletti C, Girardi E, Santantonio T, Ambu S, Gaeta GB, Colucci M, Angarano G, Marino N, Rinaldi R, Bellissima P, Armignacco O, Carosi G, Sagnelli E. Factors associated with access to antiviral treatment in a multicentre cross-sectional study of patients with chronic hepatitis B in Italy. J Viral Hepat 2012; 19:881-9. [PMID: 23121367 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A multicentre cross-sectional survey was performed to provide an accurate picture of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cared for by Italian Infectious Diseases Centers (IDCs). This analysis describes factors associated with access to the treatment of CHB in a country where barriers to treatment are not expected to exist because of comprehensive coverage under the National Health System (NHS). The study was performed in 74 IDCs. The analysis focused on 3305 patients with CHB of 3760 HBsAg-positive patients enrolled from March to September, 2008. To account for missing values, a Multiple Imputation method was used. Treatment was reported in 2091 (63.3%) patients. In the multivariate analysis, an increased chance of getting treatment was independently associated with 10 years increase of age at diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-1.3, P < 0.001), HBeAg positivity (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.8, P < 0.001), cirrhosis (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 2-6.3, P = 0.012), HDV (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.02-2.5, P = 0.042) and HIV positivity (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 4-10.8, P < 0.001). Conversely, a decreased chance was associated with female gender (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.7, P < 0.001), immigration (aOR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.9, P = 0.009), alcohol consumption (aOR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.98, P = 0.04) and HCV positivity (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.8, P = 0.005). Our study shows that Italian IDCs treat a high percentage of patients with CHB. Nevertheless, disparities exist which are not related to the severity of disease limiting access to antiviral therapy of CHB, even in a country with a universal healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Antonucci
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
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Girardi E, Perez Raffo G, Rodriguez de Lores Arnaiz G. Increase of 5?-nucleotidase activity in some brain subcellular fractions after the administration of the convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid. Neurochem Int 2012; 14:331-5. [PMID: 20504434 DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(89)90059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/1988] [Accepted: 10/06/1988] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
5?-Nucleotidase activity was studied in subcellular fractions isolated from rat brain after the administration of the convulsant 3-mercaptopropionic acid. The results obtained showed that the activity of this membrane enzyme increased in the fractions of the cerebral cortex containing nerve endings and microsomes (Mic(20) and Mic(100)) isolated during the seizure, but not in the post-seizure period. This increase could be observed at pH 7.2 and 9.0 but not at pH 6.5. 5?-Nucleotidase activity in nuclear and myelin fractions did not differ between fractions from control and treated animals. It is suggested that the alteration in enzyme activity found in some brain fractions might be involved in the actions of adenosine during the convulsive seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Girardi
- Instituto de Biologia Celular, Facultad de Medicina, U. B. A., Paraguay 2155, 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Santoro MM, Armenia D, Fabeni L, Santoro M, Gori C, Forbici F, Svicher V, Bertoli A, Dori L, Surdo M, Balestra E, Palamara G, Girardi E, Angarano G, Andreoni M, Narciso P, Antinori A, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Perno CF. The lowest X4 Geno2Pheno false-positive rate is associated with greater CD4 depletion in HIV-1 infected patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:E289-98. [PMID: 22681969 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Through this study we evaluated whether the HIV-1 tropism determined by genotypic analysis correlates with HIV-1 markers, such as CD4 cell count and plasma HIV-RNA. The analysis was performed on 1221 HIV-1 B-subtype infected patients with an available V3 sequence (all maraviroc naive). Of them, 532 were antiretroviral therapy (ART) naive and 689 ART experienced. Tropism determination was performed by using the geno2pheno (co-receptor) algorithm set at a false-positive rate (FPR) of 10% and 2%. Potential associations of FPR with CD4 cell count and viraemia were evaluated. Association of V3 mutations with genotypic-determined tropism was also evaluated according to different FPR ranges. About 26% of patients (either ART naive or ART experienced) were infected by X4-tropic viruses (using the classical 10% FPR cut-off). However, a significantly lower proportion of ART-naive patients had FPR ≤ 2% in comparison with ART-experienced patients (4.9% vs. 12.6%, respectively, p <0.001). The risk of advanced HIV-1 infection (with CD4 cell count ≤ 200 cells/mm(3)) was significantly greater in X4-infected patients, either ART-naive (OR (95% CI)), 4.2 (1.8-9.2); p 0.0006) or ART-experienced (2.3 (1.4-3.6); p 0.0003), with FPR set at 2% (but not at 10%). This finding was confirmed by multivariable logistic analysis. No relationship was found between viraemia and FPR ≤2%. Some X4-related mutations were significantly associated with FPR ≤2% (ART-naive patients, S11R, Y21V, G24K and G24R, p ≤0.001; ART-experienced patients, Y7K, S11R, H13Y, p ≤0.002). In conclusion, these findings show that within the context of genotypically-assessed CXCR4 tropism, FPR ≤2% defines (far better than 10%-FPR) a viral population associated with low CD4 rank, with potentially greater cytopathic effect, and with more advanced disease.
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Cingolani A, Cozzi Lepri A, Castagna A, Goletti D, De Luca A, Scarpellini P, Fanti I, Antinori A, d'Arminio Monforte A, Girardi E. Impaired CD4 T-Cell Count Response to Combined Antiretroviral Therapy in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Infected Patients Presenting With Tuberculosis as AIDS-Defining Condition. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 54:853-61. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cir900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Borgia P, Cambieri A, Chini F, Coltella L, Delogu G, Di Rosa E, Fadda G, Giorgi Rossi P, Girardi E, Goletti D, Guasticchi G, Morrone A, Pezzotti P, Romagnoli C, Sacerdote M, Russo C, Villani A, Zarelli L. Suspected transmission of tuberculosis in a maternity ward from a smear-positive nurse: preliminary results of clinical evaluations and testing of neonates potentially exposed, Rome, Italy, 1 January to 28 July 2011. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 16. [PMID: 21996378 DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.40.19984-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report preventive measures adopted after tuberculosis(TB) transmission from a nurse to a newborn assessed in late July 2011. All exposed neonates born between January and July 2011 were clinically evaluated and tested by QuantiFERON TB gold in-tube; newborns testing positive were referred for prophylaxis.Of 1,340 newborns, 118 (9%) tested positive and no other active cases of TB were found. Active surveillance for TB will be continued over the next three years for all those exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Borgia
- Agency for Public Health, Lazio Region, Rome, Italy
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Alteri C, Santoro MM, Abbate I, Rozera G, Bruselles A, Bartolini B, Gori C, Forbici F, Orchi N, Tozzi V, Palamara G, Antinori A, Narciso P, Girardi E, Svicher V, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Capobianchi MR, Perno CF. 'Sentinel' mutations in standard population sequencing can predict the presence of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase major mutations detectable only by ultra-deep pyrosequencing. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2615-23. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lange C, Sester M, Sotgiu G, Giehl C, Girardi E, Bossink A, Dheda K, Diel R, Dominguez J, Lipman M, Migliori GB, Nemeth J, Ravn P, Winkler S, Huitric E, Sandgren A, Manissero D. Interferon- release assays for diagnosis of active pleural tuberculosis: a developing world perspective. Eur Respir J 2011. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00071111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zajonc DM, Li Y, Girardi E, Yu ED, Wang J, Painter GF, Illarionov P, Kinjo Y, Kronenberg M. Microbial glycolipid antigen recognition by invariant natural killer T cells. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Aspeslagh S, Li Y, Yu ED, Pauwels N, Trappeniers M, Girardi E, Decruy T, Van Beneden K, Venken K, Drennan M, Leybaert L, Wang J, Van Calenbergh S, Zajonc DM, Elewaut D. Galactose modified iNKT cell agonists stabilised by a novel structural modification of CD1d lead to marked Th1 polarisation in vivo. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148981.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Antinori A, Coenen T, Costagiola D, Dedes N, Ellefson M, Gatell J, Girardi E, Johnson M, Kirk O, Lundgren J, Mocroft A, D'Arminio Monforte A, Phillips A, Raben D, Rockstroh JK, Sabin C, Sönnerborg A, De Wolf F. Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition. HIV Med 2011; 12:61-4. [PMID: 20561080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2010.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Across Europe, almost a third of individuals infected with HIV do not enter health care until late in the course of their infection. Surveillance to identify the extent to which late presentation occurs remains inadequate across Europe and is further complicated by the lack of a common clinical definition of late presentation. The objective of this article is to present a consensus definition of late presentation of HIV infection. METHODS Over the past year, two initiatives have moved towards a harmonized definition. In spring 2009, they joined efforts to identify a common definition of what is meant by a 'late-presenting' patient. RESULTS Two definitions were agreed upon, as follows. Late presentation: persons presenting for care with a CD4 count below 350 cells/μL or presenting with an AIDS-defining event, regardless of the CD4 cell count. Presentation with advanced HIV disease: persons presenting for care with a CD4 count below 200 cells/μL or presenting with an AIDS-defining event, regardless of the CD4 cell count. CONCLUSION The European Late Presenter Consensus working group believe it would be beneficial if all national health agencies, institutions, and researchers were able to implement this definition (either on its own or alongside their own preferred definition) when reporting surveillance or research data relating to late presentation of HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antinori
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Sester M, Sotgiu G, Lange C, Giehl C, Girardi E, Migliori GB, Bossink A, Dheda K, Diel R, Dominguez J, Lipman M, Nemeth J, Ravn P, Winkler S, Huitric E, Sandgren A, Manissero D. Interferon- release assays for the diagnosis of active tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:100-11. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00114810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Girardi E, Auzmendi J, Charó N, Gori MB, Castro M. 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid-Induced Seizures Decrease NR2B Expression in Purkinje Cells: Cyclopentyladenosine Effect. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2010; 30:985-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-010-9546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goletti D, Butera O, Vanini V, Lauria FN, Lange C, Franken KLMC, Angeletti C, Ottenhoff THM, Girardi E. Response to Rv2628 latency antigen associates with cured tuberculosis and remote infection. Eur Respir J 2009; 36:135-42. [PMID: 19926735 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00140009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma release assays based on region of difference 1 antigens have improved diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). However, these tests cannot discriminate between recently acquired infection (higher risk of progression to active tuberculosis) and remote LTBI. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the T-cell interferon-gamma responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis DosR-regulon-encoded antigens (latency antigens) compared with QuantiFERON TB-Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) in subjects at different stages of tuberculosis. A total of 16 individuals with remote LTBI and 23 with recent infection were studied; 15 controls unexposed to M. tuberculosis and 50 patients with active tuberculosis and 45 with cured tuberculosis were also analysed. The results indicated that subjects with remote LTBI showed significantly higher whole-blood interferon-gamma responses to M. tuberculosis latency antigen Rv2628 than did individuals with recent infection, active tuberculosis and controls (p<0.003), whereas no significant differences between these groups were found for other latency antigens tested (Rv2626c, Rv2627c, Rv2031c and Rv2032). The proportion of responders to Rv2628 was five-fold higher among QFT-GIT-positive-individuals with remote infection than among those with recently acquired infection. These data suggest that responses to M. tuberculosis latency antigen Rv2628 may associate with immune-mediated protection against tuberculosis. In contact-tracing investigations, these preliminary data may differentiate recent (positive QFT-GIT results without responses to Rv2628) from remote infection (positive to both tests).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goletti
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie, Infettive "L. Spallanzani", Via Portuense 292, Rome 00149, Italy.
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Biselli R, Mariotti S, Sargentini V, Sauzullo I, Lastilla M, Mengoni F, Vanini V, Girardi E, Goletti D, D' Amelio R, Nisini R. Detection of interleukin-2 in addition to interferon-gamma discriminates active tuberculosis patients, latently infected individuals, and controls. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:1282-4. [PMID: 19886902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.03104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effective control of tuberculosis (TB) includes discrimination of subjects with active TB from individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI). As distinct interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 profiles of antigen-specific T-cells have been associated with different clinical stages and antigen loads in several viral and bacterial diseases, we analysed these cytokines in TB using a modified QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube test. Detection of IL-2 in addition to IFN-gamma distinguishes not only Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected subjects from healthy controls, but also individuals with LTBI from active TB patients. This may help to improve diagnostic tests for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Biselli
- Aeronautica Militare Italiana, Servizio Sanitario, Rome, Italy
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Girardi E, Angeletti C, Puro V, Sorrentino R, Magnavita N, Vincenti D, Carrara S, Butera O, Ciufoli AM, Squarcione S, Ippolito G, Goletti D. Estimating diagnostic accuracy of tests for latent tuberculosis infection without a gold standard among healthcare workers. Euro Surveill 2009. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.14.43.19373-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- E Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - C Angeletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - V Puro
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | | | - N Magnavita
- Institute of Occcupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, (Catholic University), Rome, Italy
| | - D Vincenti
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - S Carrara
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - O Butera
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - A M Ciufoli
- Office of the Hospital Director, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - S Squarcione
- Office of the Hospital Director, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - G Ippolito
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
| | - D Goletti
- Clinical Department, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”), Rome, Italy
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Girardi E, Angeletti C, Puro V, Sorrentino R, Magnavita N, Vincenti D, Carrara S, Butera O, Ciufoli AM, Squarcione S, Ippolito G, Goletti D. Estimating diagnostic accuracy of tests for latent tuberculosis infection without a gold standard among healthcare workers. Euro Surveill 2009; 14:19373. [PMID: 19883555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of new in vitro diagnostic assays for tuberculosis infection has been hampered by the lack of a standard reference test. The aim of this study was to compare sensitivity and specificity of interferon gamma assays for latent tuberculosis infection by assessing the association of test results with tuberculosis occupational exposure and by using latent class analysis. We analysed data from 115 healthcare workers on whom tuberculin skin test (TST) and the following in vitro tests were performed: in-house ELISPOT for RD1 proteins, T.SPOT-TB and Quantiferon-TB Gold. Results of all tests were associated with increased occupational risk of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but only TST was associated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Sensitivity/specificity (95% confidence intervals) estimated by a latent class model were: 99.9%/64.2% (53.0-74.1) for TST, 95.3% (61.8-99.6)/87.5% (78.0-93.2) for in-house ELISPOT, 96.7% (69.3-99.7)/85.6%(75.3-92.0) for T.SPOT-TB, and 76.3% (55.9-89.1)/93.6% (85.4-97.3) for Quantiferon. The estimated specificity of in vitro assays was higher than that of TST also among individuals who were not BCG-vaccinated. In conclusion, when used in healthcare workers, in vitro assays may provide a significant increase of specificity for tuberculosis infection compared to TST, even among non vaccinated individuals, at the cost of some sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Girardi
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS (National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani), Rome, Italy.
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Chiacchio T, Casetti R, Butera O, Vanini V, Carrara S, Girardi E, Di Mitri D, Battistini L, Martini F, Borsellino G, Goletti D. Characterization of regulatory T cells identified as CD4(+)CD25(high)CD39(+) in patients with active tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:463-70. [PMID: 19438599 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is a transcription factor whose expression characterizes regulatory T cells (T(reg)), but it is also present on activated T cells, thus hindering correct T(reg) identification. Using classical markers for T(reg) recognition, discordant results were found in terms of T(reg) expansion during active tuberculosis (TB) disease. Recently CD39 has been shown to be an accurate marker for T(reg) detection. The objectives of this study were: (i) to identify T(reg) expressing CD39 in patients with TB and to compare the results with those obtained by the standard phenotypic markers; (ii) to evaluate if T(reg) are expanded in vitro by exogenous interleukin (IL)-2 or by antigen-specific stimulation; and (iii) to characterize T(reg) function on the modulation of antigen-specific responses. We enrolled 13 patients with pulmonary TB and 12 healthy controls. T(reg) were evaluated by flow cytometry ex vivo and after antigen-specific in vitro stimulation using CD25, FoxP3, CD127 and CD39 markers. Results indicate that CD39(+) cells within the CD4(+)CD25(high) cells have T(reg) properties (absence of interferon-gamma production and transforming growth factor-beta1 release upon stimulation). Ex vivo analysis did not show significant differences between TB patients and controls of T(reg) by classical or novel markers. In contrast, a significantly higher percentage of T(reg) was found in TB patients after antigen-specific stimulation both in the presence or absence of IL-2. Depletion of CD39(+) T(reg) increased RD1-specific responses significantly. In conclusion, CD39 is an appropriate marker for T(reg) identification in TB. These results can be useful for future studies to monitor Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific response during TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chiacchio
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases (INMI) L Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Migliori GB, Eker B, Richardson MD, Sotgiu G, Zellweger JP, Skrahina A, Ortmann J, Girardi E, Hoffmann H, Besozzi G, Bevilacqua N, Kirsten D, Centis R, Lange C. A retrospective TBNET assessment of linezolid safety, tolerability and efficacy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2009; 34:387-93. [PMID: 19282348 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00009509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Linezolid is used to treat patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-tuberculosis (TB) cases, although clinical data on its safety, tolerability and efficacy are lacking. We performed a retrospective, nonrandomised, unblinded observational study evaluating the safety and tolerability of linezolid at 600 mg q.d. or b.i.d. in MDR/XDR-TB treatment in four European countries. Efficacy evaluation compared end-points of 45 linezolid-treated against 110 linezolid-nontreated cases. Out of 195 MDR/XDR-TB patients, 85 were treated with linezolid for a mean of 221 days. Of these, 35 (41.2%) out of 85 experienced major side-effects attributed to linezolid (anaemia, thrombocytopenia and/or polyneuropathy), requiring discontinuation in 27 (77%) cases. Most side-effects occurred after 60 days of treatment. Twice-daily administration produced more major side-effects than once-daily dosing (p = 0.0004), with no difference in efficacy found. Outcomes were similar in patients treated with/without linezolid (p = 0.8), although linezolid-treated cases had more first-line (p = 0.002) and second-line (p = 0.02) drug resistance and a higher number of previous treatment regimens (4.5 versus 2.3; p = 0.07). Linezolid 600 mg q.d. added to an individualised multidrug regimen may improve the chance of bacteriological conversion, providing a better chance of treatment success in only the most complicated MDR/XDR-TB cases. Its safety profile does not warrant use in cases for which there are other, safer, alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Migliori
- WHO Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Care and Research Institute, Tradate, Italy
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Giovanni BM, Eker B, Richardson M, Sotgiu G, Zellweger J, Skrahina A, Ortmann J, Girardi E, Hoffmann H, Besozzi G, Centis R. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of linezolid in the treatment of MDR- and XDR-TB. A TBNET survey. Pneumologie 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Balzano R, Sepio D, Guidi M, Puro V, Girardi E, Orchi N. Representation of HIV/Aids and Mental Health Co-Morbidity in Medical and Social Sciences Literature. Eur Psychiatry 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction:Aim of this article is to explore the ways in which, over the last 25 years, knowledge about HIV/Aids and Mental Health co-morbidity has been represented within medical and social sciences literature.Methods:The study has been conducted on the texts of 1101 published manuscripts abstracts within from 1984 to 2008, referring to 379 different journals and retrieved on PUBMED database. It was used the following database search string: ("mental health"[Title/Abstract]) or ("mental illness"[Title/Abstract]) AND (("aids"[Title/Abstract]) or ("hiv"[Title/Abstract]))). A Computer Aided Text Analysis was conducted with dedicated software: T-Lab (Lancia) using Cluster Analysis.Results:Cluster Analysis allowed to identify five different main dimensions: 1:(27,68%) Health-care Service organizational development; 2: (22,10%) Mental health as empowering precursor of infection risks. 3: (8,58%) Quality of life; 4: (19,17%). Therapies and treatments’ research; 5: (22,46%) Psychological issues, emotions and distress correlated to seropositive patients and their caregivers. Figure 1 it is a way to outline the five clusters literature trends over the time of 25 years.Conclusions:Our review could help to identify particular areas in need of change, to provide a baseline against which to assess future changes and to provide data for use in research health planning and policy analysis.
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Bartalesi F, Vicidomini S, Goletti D, Fiorelli C, Fiori G, Melchiorre D, Tortoli E, Mantella A, Benucci M, Girardi E, Cerinic MM, Bartoloni A. QuantiFERON-TB Gold and the TST are both useful for latent tuberculosis infection screening in autoimmune diseases. Eur Respir J 2008; 33:586-93. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Orchi N, Balzano R, Scognamiglio P, Navarra A, De Carli G, Elia P, Grisetti S, Sampaolesi A, Giuliani M, De Filippis A, Puro V, Ippolito G, Girardi E. Ageing with HIV: newly diagnosed older adults in Italy. AIDS Care 2008; 20:419-25. [PMID: 18449818 DOI: 10.1080/09540120701867073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of HIV/AIDS among people in midlife and late adulthood has been increasing in Western countries over the last decade. We analyzed data from a prospective, observational multi-centre study on individuals newly diagnosed with HIV between January 2004 and March 2007 in 10 public counselling and testing sites in Latium, Italy. At diagnosis, routine demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data are recorded, and patients are asked to complete a questionnaire investigating socio-demographic and psycho-behavioural aspects. To analyze the association of individual characteristics with age, we compared older adults (> or = 50 years) with their younger counterpart (18-49 years). To adjust for potential confounding effect of the epidemiological, clinical and behavioural characteristics, to identify factors associated with older age at HIV diagnosis, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Overall, 1073 individuals were identified, 125 of whom (11.6%) were aged 50 years or above. The questionnaire was completed by 41% (440/1073). Compared with their younger counterparts, a higher proportion of older patients were males, born in Italy, reported heterosexual or unknown HIV risk exposure, were never tested for HIV before and were in a more advanced stage of HIV infection at diagnosis. In addition, older adults had a lower educational level and were more frequently living with their partners or children. With respect to psycho-behavioural characteristics, older patients were more likely to have paid money for sex and have never used recreational drugs. Interestingly, no differences were found regarding condom use, which was poor in both age groups. These findings may have important implications for the management of older adults with HIV, who should be targeted by appropriate public health actions, such as opportunistic screening and easier access to healthcare. Moreover, strategies including information on HIV and prevention of risk behaviours are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Orchi
- Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive, L. Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Migliori GB, Lange C, Girardi E, Centis R, Besozzi G, Kliiman K, Codecasa LR, Spanevello A, Cirillo DM. Fluoroquinolones: are they essential to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis? Eur Respir J 2008; 31:904-5. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00159807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Migliori GB, Lange C, Girardi E, Centis R, Besozzi G, Kliiman K, Ortmann J, Matteelli A, Spanevello A, Cirillo DM. Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Is Worse than Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Different Methodology and Settings, Same Results. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46:958-9. [DOI: 10.1086/528875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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46
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Cannas A, Goletti D, Girardi E, Chiacchio T, Calvo L, Cuzzi G, Piacentini M, Melkonyan H, Umansky SR, Lauria FN, Ippolito G, Tomei LD. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA detection in soluble fraction of urine from pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:146-151. [PMID: 18230246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING A tertiary care and research institution in Italy. BACKGROUND Small DNA fragments from cells dying throughout the body have been detected in urine (transrenal DNA [Tr-DNA]). OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tr-DNA could be detected in the urine of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients. DESIGN We studied 43 patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB with no evidence of extra-pulmonary involvement, 10 patients with pulmonary diseases other than TB and 13 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from urine and analysed by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS M. tuberculosis-specific sequences were found in the urine of 34 of 43 (79%) TB patients studied, whereas all controls were negative. The transrenal nature of M. tuberculosis DNA was demonstrated by two lines of evidence: first, separate analysis of supernatants and sediments from eight of the study patients found seven positive supernatants but only two matched positive sediments. Second, M. tuberculosis-specific sequences were amplified by semi-nested PCR with primers designed for short but not large amplicons. CONCLUSION Small M. tuberculosis DNA fragments may be detected in the urine of a significant proportion of patients with pulmonary TB. If these observations are confirmed by larger studies, Tr-DNA technology could represent a new approach for detecting pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection.
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Cianci R, Spada C, Perri V, Cammarota G, Urgesi R, Lolli S, Girardi E, Costamagna G, Pandolfi F. Active thymopoiesis in idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2008; 12:41-46. [PMID: 18401971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cellular immunity has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP), resulting in pancreas infiltration by T-cells. Studies on systemic immunity are few and contradictory. One study reported a decrease of naive CD45RA+ cells. The presence of naive T cells, detected as recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), is evaluated with a new molecular technique by using real-time PCR to detect the T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC). To elucidate the role of naive T-cells in the pathogenesis of CP, we investigated the percentage of sj-TREC in CP patients. PATIENTS Thirty CP patients were studied and compared to 30 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers. METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of each patient. RTEs were evaluated by measuring sj-TREC by real-time PCR. RESULTS The mean percentage of sj-TREC+ cells present in CP was not significantly different from that of control group (0.02319% vs 0.02338%, respectively). CONCLUSION Our data show that naive TREC+ cells are normally represented in CP. The presence of active thymopoiesis may be the underlying mechanism resulting in continuous production of T-cells, responsible of maintaining the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cianci
- Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Paone G, Serpilli M, Girardi E, Conti V, Principe R, Puglisi G, De Marchis L, Schmid G. The combination of a smoking cessation programme with rehabilitation increases stop-smoking rate. J Rehabil Med 2008; 40:672-7. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Goletti D, Carrara S, Vincenti D, Saltini C, Rizzi EB, Schininà V, Ippolito G, Amicosante M, Girardi E. Accuracy of an immune diagnostic assay based on RD1 selected epitopes for active tuberculosis in a clinical setting: a pilot study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 12:544-50. [PMID: 16700703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A previous case-control study reported that an in-vitro interferon (IFN)-gamma response to early secreted antigenic target (ESAT)-6 selected peptides was associated with active tuberculosis (A-TB). The objective of the present pilot study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this assay for TB disease in a clinical setting. An IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay was performed on samples from patients with suspected A-TB using two peptides selected from ESAT-6 protein and three peptides selected from culture filtrate 10 (CFP-10) proteins. The results were compared with those obtained by two commercially available assays approved for diagnosis of TB infection (T SPOT-TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold) which use ESAT-6/CFP-10 (RD1) overlapping peptides. Sensitivity to the RD1 selected peptides was 70% (positive for 16 of 23 patients with microbiologically diagnosed A-TB) and specificity was 91% (positive for three of 32 controls). In contrast, the sensitivity and specificity were 91% and 59%, respectively, for T SPOT-TB, and were 83% and 59%, respectively, for QuantiFERON-TB Gold. The RD1 selected peptides assay had the highest diagnostic odds ratio for A-TB. Thus, the results suggest that an assay based on RD1 selected peptides has a higher diagnostic accuracy for A-TB in a clinical setting compared with commercially available assays based on RD1 overlapping peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Goletti
- Second Division of Health Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
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Migliori GB, Besozzi G, Girardi E, Kliiman K, Lange C, Toungoussova OS, Ferrara G, Cirillo DM, Gori A, Matteelli A, Spanevello A, Codecasa LR, Raviglione MC. Clinical and operational value of the extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis definition. Eur Respir J 2007; 30:623-6. [PMID: 17690121 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00077307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Currently, no information is available on the effect of resistance/susceptibility to first-line drugs different from isoniazid and rifampicin in determining the outcome of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) patients, and whether being XDR-TB is a more accurate indicator of poor clinical outcome than being resistant to all first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs. To investigate this issue, a large series of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and XDR-TB cases diagnosed in Estonia, Germany, Italy and the Russian Federation during the period 1999-2006 were analysed. Drug-susceptibility testing for first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, quality assurance and treatment delivery was performed according to World Health Organization recommendations in all study sites. Out of 4,583 culture-positive TB cases analysed, 361 (7.9%) were MDR and 64 (1.4%) were XDR. XDR-TB cases had a relative risk (RR) of 1.58 to have an unfavourable outcome compared with MDR-TB cases resistant to all first-line drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin ethambutol, streptomycin and, when tested, pyrazinamide), and an RR of 2.61 compared with "other" MDR-TB cases (those susceptible to at least one first-line anti-TB drug among ethambutol, pyrazinamide and streptomycin, regardless of resistance to the second-line drugs not defining XDR-TB). The emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis confirms that problems in tuberculosis management are still present in Europe. While waiting for new tools which will facilitate management of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, accessibility to quality diagnostic and treatment services should be urgently ensured and adequate public health policies should be rapidly implemented to prevent further development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Migliori
- WHO Collaborating Centre for TB and Lung Diseases, Fondazione S Maugeri, Care and Research Institute, via Roncaccio 16, 21049, Tradate, Italy.
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