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Edwards JE, Schwartz MM, Schmidt CS, Sobel JD, Nyirjesy P, Schodel F, Marchus E, Lizakowski M, DeMontigny EA, Hoeg J, Holmberg T, Cooke MT, Hoover K, Edwards L, Jacobs M, Sussman S, Augenbraun M, Drusano M, Yeaman MR, Ibrahim AS, Filler SG, Hennessey JP. A Fungal Immunotherapeutic Vaccine (NDV-3A) for Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis-A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 66:1928-1936. [PMID: 29697768 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a problematic form of mucosal Candida infection, characterized by repeated episodes per year. Candida albicans is the most common cause of RVVC. Currently, there are no immunotherapeutic treatments for RVVC. Methods This exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated an immunotherapeutic vaccine (NDV-3A) containing a recombinant C. albicans adhesin/invasin protein for prevention of RVVC. Results The study in 188 women with RVVC (n = 178 evaluable) showed that 1 intramuscular dose of NDV-3A was safe and generated rapid and robust B- and T-cell immune responses. Post hoc exploratory analyses revealed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of symptom-free patients at 12 months after vaccination (42% vaccinated vs 22% placebo; P = .03) and a doubling in median time to first symptomatic episode (210 days vaccinated vs 105 days placebo) for the subset of patients aged <40 years (n = 137). The analysis of evaluable patients, which combined patients aged <40 years (77%) and ≥40 years (23%), trended toward a positive impact of NDV-3A versus placebo (P = .099). Conclusions In this unprecedented study of the effectiveness of a fungal vaccine in humans, NDV-3A administered to women with RVVC was safe and highly immunogenic and reduced the frequency of symptomatic episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis for up to 12 months in women aged <40 years. These results support further development of NDV-3A vaccine and provide guidance for meaningful clinical endpoints for immunotherapeutic management of RVVC. Clinical Trials Registration NCT01926028.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Edwards
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Jack D Sobel
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Paul Nyirjesy
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesse Hoeg
- NovaDigm Therapeutics, Inc, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Lance Edwards
- Suffolk Obstetrics & Gynecology, Port Jefferson, New York
| | | | - Steven Sussman
- Lawrence OB-GYN Clinical Research, LLC, Lawrenceville, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Michael R Yeaman
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Scott G Filler
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance.,David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles
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Grisanti LA, Evanson J, Marchus E, Jorissen H, Woster AP, DeKrey W, Sauter ER, Combs CK, Porter JE. Pro-inflammatory responses in human monocytes are beta1-adrenergic receptor subtype dependent. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:1244-54. [PMID: 20116105 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress induced circulating catecholamines are hypothesized to selectively activate adrenergic receptors (ARs) on immunocompetent cells modulating their inflammatory response to trauma or environmental toxins. We characterized changes in expression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine modulated by beta-AR activation in human primary and immortalized monocytes that had been simultaneously stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results from cytokine antibody arrays demonstrated that half-maximal effective concentrations of the selective beta-AR agonist isoproterenol (Iso) qualitatively increased LPS-mediated expression of the soluble cytokine, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). Semi-quantitative immunoblot techniques confirmed a synergistic increase of IL-1beta production in both LPS stimulated THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes co-incubated with Iso. Immunoblot techniques as well as radioligand binding studies were also used to characterize the heterogeneous expression of beta(1)- and beta(2)-AR subtypes on THP-1 cells. beta-AR activation is classically associated with generation of cAMP in many tissues and cell types. Therefore, using the method of Schild, we generated Iso concentration-response curves in the presence of fixed subtype-selective beta-AR antagonist concentrations to demonstrate that beta(1)-AR activation was exclusively linked with the generation of cAMP in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, use of a selective kinase inhibitor demonstrated that Iso potentiated the expression of soluble IL-1beta through activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. Finally, discriminating concentrations of subtype-selective beta-AR antagonists revealed that beta(1)-AR stimulation alone accounted for the synergistic production of IL-1beta in LPS stimulated monocytes co-incubated with Iso. These results demonstrate a unique synergistic pro-inflammatory response mediated through a beta(1)-AR cAMP-dependent mechanism in LPS-challenged monocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, The University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037, USA
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