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Rouco H, García-García P, Briffault E, Diaz-Rodriguez P. Modulating osteoclasts with nanoparticles: A path for osteoporosis management? Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2023:e1885. [PMID: 37037204 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the cells responsible for the bone resorption process during bone remodeling. In a healthy situation, this process results from an equilibrium between new matrix formation by osteoblast and matrix resorption by osteoclast. Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease characterized by a decreased bone mass density and alterations in bone microarchitecture, increasing fracture predisposition. Despite the variety of available therapies for OP management there is a growing gap in its treatment associated to the low patients´ adherence owing to concerns related with long-term efficacy or safety. This makes the development of new and safe treatments necessary. Among the newly developed strategies, the use of synthetic and natural nanoparticles to modulate osteoclasts differentiation, activity, apoptosis or crosstalk with osteoblasts have arisen. Synthetic nanoparticles exert their therapeutic effect either by loading antiresorptive drugs or including molecules for osteoclasts gene regulation. Moreover, this control over osteoclasts can be improved by their targeting to bone extracellular matrix or osteoclast membranes. Furthermore, natural nanoparticles, also known as extracellular vesicles, have been identified to play a key role in bone homeostasis. Consequently, these systems have been widely studied to control osteoblasts and osteoclasts under variable environments. Additionally, the ability to bioengineer extracellular vesicles has allowed to obtain biomimetic systems with desirable characteristics as drug carriers for osteoclasts. The analyzed information reveals the possibility of modulating osteoclasts by different mechanisms through nanoparticles decreasing bone resorption. These findings suggest that controlling osteoclast activity using nanoparticles has the potential to improve osteoporosis management. This article is categorized under: Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Rouco
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Patricia García-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), La Laguna, Spain
| | - Erik Briffault
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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García-García P, Briffault E, Landin M, Evora C, Diaz-Rodriguez P, Delgado A. Tailor-made oligonucleotide-loaded lipid-polymer nanosystems designed for bone gene therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:598-607. [PMID: 33625680 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has emerged as a tool for the treatment of systemic metabolic disorders as osteoporosis (OP). However, the design of a suitable vehicle able to efficiently load and release the genetic material on the target cells is still a challenge. Moreover, the internalization pathway of nanosystems has been described to be dependent on their surface characteristics and the cell type evaluated. In this study, we aim at obtaining PEGylated lipid-PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) with variable surface charge able to incorporate GapmeRs (single-strand antisense oligonucleotides) for OP treatment. Nanoparticles showing negative, positive, and neutral surface charge were obtained by modulating the lipid composition. All formulations showed a remarkably low polydispersity index with adequate size. NPs were loaded with GapmeRs showing a high encapsulation efficiency and a surface charge-independent oligonucleotide loading. All the formulations were adequately internalized by MSCs. Future experiments will be devoted to use the developed formulations to clarify if the intracellular distribution of hybrid NPs on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is dependent on surface charge. This portfolio of NPs will serve as a tool to analyze the effect of NP surface charge on gene therapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia García-García
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Erik Briffault
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Mariana Landin
- R+D Pharma Group (GI-1645); Strategic Grouping in Materials (AEMAT)Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Evora
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain.
| | - Araceli Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain. .,Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Spain.
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