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Wang J, Hill‐Jarrett T, Buto P, Pederson A, Sims KD, Zimmerman SC, DeVost MA, Ferguson E, Lacar B, Yang Y, Choi M, Caunca MR, La Joie R, Chen R, Glymour MM, Ackley SF. Comparison of approaches to control for intracranial volume in research on the association of brain volumes with cognitive outcomes. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26633. [PMID: 38433682 PMCID: PMC10910271 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most neuroimaging studies linking regional brain volumes with cognition correct for total intracranial volume (ICV), but methods used for this correction differ across studies. It is unknown whether different ICV correction methods yield consistent results. Using a brain-wide association approach in the MRI substudy of UK Biobank (N = 41,964; mean age = 64.5 years), we used regression models to estimate the associations of 58 regional brain volumetric measures with eight cognitive outcomes, comparing no correction and four ICV correction approaches. Approaches evaluated included: no correction; dividing regional volumes by ICV (proportional approach); including ICV as a covariate in the regression (adjustment approach); and regressing the regional volumes against ICV in different normative samples and using calculated residuals to determine associations (residual approach). We used Spearman-rank correlations and two consistency measures to quantify the extent to which associations were inconsistent across ICV correction approaches for each possible brain region and cognitive outcome pair across 2320 regression models. When the association between brain volume and cognitive performance was close to null, all approaches produced similar estimates close to the null. When associations between a regional volume and cognitive test were not null, the adjustment and residual approaches typically produced similar estimates, but these estimates were inconsistent with results from the crude and proportional approaches. For example, when using the crude approach, an increase of 0.114 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.103-0.125) in fluid intelligence was associated with each unit increase in hippocampal volume. However, when using the adjustment approach, the increase was 0.055 (95% CI: 0.043-0.068), while the proportional approach showed a decrease of -0.025 (95% CI: -0.035 to -0.014). Different commonly used methods to correct for ICV yielded inconsistent results. The proportional method diverges notably from other methods and results were sometimes biologically implausible. A simple regression adjustment for ICV produced biologically plausible associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Peter Buto
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Annie Pederson
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kendra D. Sims
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Scott C. Zimmerman
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle A. DeVost
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Erin Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Benjamin Lacar
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yulin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Minhyuk Choi
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle R. Caunca
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sarah F. Ackley
- Department of EpidemiologyBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Bush NJ, Ferguson E, Zale E, Boissoneault J. A Brief Screening Tool for Risk of Self-Medication of Pain with Substance Use. J Addict Med 2024:01271255-990000000-00285. [PMID: 38357999 DOI: 10.1097/adm.0000000000001289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Substance use and pain are both growing public health concerns globally. Evidence suggests that individuals may use substances in order to self-medicate their pain. The Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Negative Urgency, and Expectancy model was developed to provide a theoretical foundation for the modifiable risk factors implicated in self-medication of pain with substance use. This study aimed to use the outcomes in the Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Negative Urgency, and Expectancy model to develop a brief clinical screening tool to identify individuals at risk for self-medication. METHODS Participants (N = 520; Mage = 38.8) were adults who endorsed the past three-month use of at least one substance and completed an online questionnaire. Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic analyses were used to reduce the initial 104-item questionnaire to the items needed to achieve a minimum accuracy score of 0.95 and 0.90. RESULTS A 14-item and a 7-item questionnaire were derived from the initial larger questionnaire. Both of these questionnaires were significantly correlated with the outcome variables and were significantly associated with health risk and percent of use because of pain. The R2 values between the 14- and 7-item versions were only significantly different for the percent of alcohol use because of pain. CONCLUSIONS The study provides two brief screening tools to screen for individuals at risk for self-medication of pain with substance use that can be easily implemented within clinical settings. Further, the screening tools provide insight into modifiable risk factors for self-medication and may also be valuable to monitor treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Bush
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (NJB, JB); Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (EF); Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY (EZ)
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Pongutta S, Ferguson E, Davey C, Tangcharoensathien V, Limwattananon S, Borghi J, Wong CKH, Lin L. The impact of a complex school nutrition intervention on double burden of malnutrition among Thai primary school children: a 2-year quasi-experiment. Public Health 2023; 224:51-57. [PMID: 37734276 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the impacts of the Dekthai Kamsai programme on overweight/obesity, underweight and stunting among male and female primary school students. STUDY DESIGN A quasi-experiment was conducted in 16 intervention and 19 control schools across Thailand in 2018 and 2019. In total, 896 treated and 1779 control students from grades 1 to 3 were recruited. In intervention schools, a set of multifaceted intervention components were added into school routine practices. Anthropometric outcomes were measured at baseline and at the beginning and end of every school term. METHODS Propensity score matching with linear and Poisson difference-in-difference analyses were used to adjust for the non-randomisation and to analyse the intervention's effects over time. RESULTS Compared with controls, the increases in mean BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ) and the incidence rate of overweight/obesity were lower in the intervention schools at the 3rd, 4th and 8th measurements and the 3rd measurement, respectively. The decrease in mean height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) was lower at the 4th measurement. The decrease in the incidence rate of wasting was lower at the 5th, 7th and 8th measurements. The favourable impacts on BAZ and HAZ were found in both sexes, while the favourable impact on overweight/obesity and unfavourable impact on wasting were found in girls. CONCLUSIONS This intervention might be effective in reducing BAZ, overweight/obesity, poor height gain, but not wasting. These findings highlight the benefits of a multifaceted school nutrition intervention and a need to incorporate tailor-made interventions for wasting to comprehensively address the double burden of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pongutta
- International Health Policy Program, Tiwanon Rd, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E7HT, UK.
| | - E Ferguson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E7HT, UK
| | - C Davey
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E7HT, UK.
| | - V Tangcharoensathien
- International Health Policy Program, Tiwanon Rd, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
| | - S Limwattananon
- International Health Policy Program, Tiwanon Rd, Muang, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
| | - J Borghi
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E7HT, UK.
| | - C K H Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - L Lin
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E7HT, UK; Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Mehta S, Brown W, Ferguson E, Najera J, Pantell MS. The association between prescription drug monitoring programs and controlled substance prescribing: a cross-sectional study using data from 2019 National Electronic Health Records Survey. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2023; 30:1042-1046. [PMID: 37011637 PMCID: PMC10198531 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of controlled medications such as opioids, stimulants, anabolic steroids, depressants, and hallucinogens has led to an increase in addiction, overdose, and death. Given the high attributes of abuse and dependency, prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) were introduced in the United States as a state-level intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using cross-sectional data from the 2019 National Electronic Health Records Survey, we assessed the association between PDMP usage and reduced or eliminated controlled substance prescribing as well as the association between PDMP usage and changing a controlled substance prescription to a nonopioid pharmacologic therapy or nonpharmacologic therapy. We applied survey weights to produce physician-level estimates from the survey sample. RESULTS Adjusting for physician age, sex, type of medical degree, specialty, and ease of PDMP, we found that physicians who reported "often" PDMP usage had 2.34 times the odds of reducing or eliminating controlled substance prescriptions compared to physicians who reported never using the PDMP (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12-4.90). Adjusting for physician age, sex, type of doctor, and specialty, we found that physicians who reported "often" use of the PDMP had 3.65 times the odd of changing controlled substance prescriptions to a nonopioid pharmacologic therapy or nonpharmacologic therapy (95% CI: 1.61-8.26). DISCUSSION These results support the continued use, investment, and expansion of PDMPs as an effective intervention for reducing controlled substance prescription and changing to nonopioid/pharmacologic therapy. CONCLUSION Overall, frequent usage of PDMPs was significantly associated with reducing, eliminating, or changing controlled substance prescription patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Vulnerable Populations, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James Najera
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew S Pantell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Bush NJ, Ferguson E, Boissoneault J, Yurasek AM. Reliability of an adaptive marijuana purchase task. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:491-497. [PMID: 36174147 PMCID: PMC10033342 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purchase tasks are used to measure the value, or demand, for various substances by assessing the amount of a substance individuals would purchase across a series of escalating prices. Marijuana purchase task (MPT) has been previously developed; however, cannabis can be consumed in various forms and measurements, thus raising questions about the applicability of the MPT across cannabis users. An adaptive MPT was developed to allow participants to select their preferred product (e.g., herbal, dabs) and division (e.g., hits, grams). Little research has been done to assess the temporal stability of these measures. Participants (N = 50, Mage = 35.3) who reported at least monthly cannabis use were recruited via Amazon's Mechanical Turk and completed a baseline and repeated original and adaptive MPT. Seventy-two percent (N = 36) of the sample reported the same preferred product and division. Results indicated that the baseline and repeated original MPT were significantly correlated across all indices (rrange = .37-.73), while the baseline and repeated adaptive MPT was significantly correlated with Pmax (r = .31, p = .029) and Omax (r = .57, p < .001). Permutation testing comparing the difference between the original and adaptive MPT on all indices demonstrated a difference for break point (rdifference = .52, p = .004) and elasticity (rdifference = .94, p = .005). Correlations were lower between participants who switched their preferences on the adaptive MPT. Only elasticity was significantly different (rdifference = .93, p = .012) between tasks among participants who did not switch their preferences. Results provide support that both the original and adaptive MPT are reliable across repeated measurement and demonstrate the importance of assessing cannabis product and division preferences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali M Yurasek
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida
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Abstract
Motives for alcohol use and behavioral economic measures of demand are associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems. However, it is unclear how differences in reasons for alcohol use may affect alcohol demand. Additionally, although alcohol is commonly used to self-manage conditions such as pain and sleep problems, the impact of these reasons for alcohol use on alcohol demand is not well characterized. The present study addressed this gap. Participants were adults recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk as part of a larger study investigating health behaviors. Analyses included participants who reported alcohol use in the past year (N = 637). Participants were categorized as having recreational, therapeutic, or both recreational and therapeutic reasons for using alcohol. A brief, three-item measure of alcohol demand was administered. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) analyses revealed that alcohol drinkers endorsing both recreational and therapeutic reasons for use had significantly higher average intensity, Omax, and breakpoint indices compared to those who only reported recreational or therapeutic drinking motives (ps < .05; Cohen's d = .09-.17). Secondary analyses revealed differences in demand according to therapeutic reason for alcohol use endorsed. Significant main effects were found for use to relieve pain and anxiety/depression/stress, while interactive effects were detected for use to relieve pain and improve sleep and use to relieve pain and anxiety/depression/stress. Overall, results suggest that alcohol demand is highest in drinkers who consume alcohol for both therapeutic and recreational reasons. This group may be at elevated risk for alcohol use disorder and alcohol-related consequences. Continued research is necessary to examine this possibility. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Andrew Fiore
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Ali M. Yurasek
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Robert L. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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Ferguson E, Lewis B, Teitelbaum S, Reisfield G, Robinson M, Boissoneault J. Longitudinal associations between pain and substance use disorder treatment outcomes. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 143:108892. [PMID: 36228338 PMCID: PMC11025107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pain is commonly reported among those in treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) and is associated with poorer SUD treatment outcomes. The current study examined the trajectory of pain over the course of SUD treatment and associations with substance use outcomes. METHODS This observational study included adults seeking treatment for alcohol, cannabis, or opioid use disorders (N = 811). Participants completed a battery of assessments at treatment admission, 30 days post admission, and at discharge, including measures of demographics, pain, quality of life, abstinence self-efficacy, and craving. RESULTS Analyses indicated linear reductions in pain intensity and interference over time. Significant interactive effects were observed for opioid use disorder (OUD) and time, such that participants with OUD had greater reductions in pain intensity and interference over time compared to those without OUD. Elevated pain intensity was associated with negative treatment outcomes, including reduced quality of life and abstinence self-efficacy, and greater craving and negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Reductions in pain occur over the course of SUD treatment, particularly for those with OUD. Greater pain was also associated with adverse SUD treatment outcomes. Results suggest that treatment and associated abstinence may be beneficial for those with co-occurring pain and SUD, highlighting an additional benefit of improving access to SUD treatment for patients and health care systems. Future research should replicate these findings among diverse samples and further characterize the trajectory of pain during and after SUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ben Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott Teitelbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary Reisfield
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Ferguson E, Vitus D, Williams M, Anderson M, LaRowe L, Ditre JW, Stennett B, Boissoneault J. Sex differences in associations between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:862-872. [PMID: 34410797 PMCID: PMC8857303 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-medication of pain with alcohol is prevalent, and expectancies for alcohol analgesia likely influence pain relief and alcohol consumption. Hazardous alcohol use has been associated with greater delay discounting rates; however, little is known about the relationship between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia. Therefore, the present study examined sex differences in associations between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia. Healthy drinkers without chronic pain (N = 53) completed measures of expectancies for alcohol analgesia, alcohol use, and alcohol outcome expectancies. A five-trial adjusting-delay discounting task (DDT) for monetary outcomes was also administered. Regression analyses revealed that sex moderated the relationship between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia. Steeper delay discounting rates were associated with weaker expectancies for alcohol analgesia among men when adjusting for average alcohol consumption. Among women, nonsignificant associations between delay discounting rates and expectancies for alcohol analgesia were observed. These findings provide initial evidence of sex differences in associations between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia. The directionality of these associations was unexpected and may have implications for patterns of self-medication with alcohol. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University
of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Darya Vitus
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University
of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Michelle Williams
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University
of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Molly Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lisa LaRowe
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse,
NY, USA
| | - Joseph W. Ditre
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse,
NY, USA
| | - Bethany Stennett
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University
of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University
of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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Abou Zeinab M, Ferguson E, Kaviani A, Tuna Beksac A, Covas Moschovas M, Morgantini L, Hemal S, Josehp J, Kim M, Crivellaro S, Patel V, Nix J, Kaouk J. Single-port extraperitoneal vs. transperitoneal robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy: A multi-institutional matched-pair comparison of perioperative outcomes. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Prosser NS, Green MJ, Ferguson E, Tildesley MJ, Hill EM, Keeling MJ, Kaler J. Cattle farmer psychosocial profiles and their association with control strategies for bovine viral diarrhea. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3559-3573. [PMID: 35094853 PMCID: PMC9092459 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is endemic in the United Kingdom and causes major economic losses. Control is largely voluntary for individual farmers and is likely to be influenced by psychosocial factors, such as altruism, trust, and psychological proximity (feeling close) to relevant “others,” such as farmers, veterinarians, the government, and their cows. These psychosocial factors (factors with both psychological and social aspects) are important determinants of how people make decisions related to their own health, many of which have not been studied in the context of infectious disease control by farmers. Farmer psychosocial profiles were investigated using multiple validated measures in an observational survey of 475 UK cattle farmers using the capability, opportunity, motivation-behavior (COM-B) framework. Farmers were clustered by their BVD control practices using latent class analysis. Farmers were split into 5 BVD control behavior classes, which were tested for associations with the psychosocial and COM-B factors using multinomial logistic regression, with doing nothing as the baseline class. Farmers who were controlling disease both for themselves and others were more likely to do something to control BVD (e.g., test, vaccinate). Farmers who did not trust other farmers, had high psychological capability (knowledge and understanding of how to control disease), and had high physical opportunity (time and money to control disease) were more likely to have a closed, separate herd and test. Farmers who did not trust other farmers were also more likely to undertake many prevention strategies with an open herd. Farmers with high automatic motivation (habits and emotions) and reflective motivation (decisions and goals) were more likely to vaccinate and test, alone or in combination with other controls. Farmers with high psychological proximity (feeling of closeness) to their veterinarian were more likely to undertake many prevention strategies in an open herd. Farmers with high psychological proximity to dairy farmers and low psychological proximity to beef farmers were more likely to keep their herd closed and separate and test or vaccinate and test. Farmers who had a lot of trust in other farmers and invested in them, rather than keeping everything for themselves, were more likely to be careful introducing new stock and test. In conclusion, farmer psychosocial factors were associated with strategies for BVD control in UK cattle farmers. Psychological proximity to veterinarians was a novel factor associated with proactive BVD control and was more important than the more extensively investigated trust. These findings highlight the importance of a close veterinarian-farmer relationship and are important for promoting effective BVD control by farmers, which has implications for successful nationwide BVD control and eradication schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Prosser
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - M J Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - E Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - M J Tildesley
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Joint UNIversities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research (JUNIPER; https://maths.org/juniper/)
| | - E M Hill
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Joint UNIversities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research (JUNIPER; https://maths.org/juniper/)
| | - M J Keeling
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, School of Life Sciences and Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; Joint UNIversities Pandemic and Epidemiological Research (JUNIPER; https://maths.org/juniper/)
| | - J Kaler
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
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Ferguson E, Bush N, Yurasek A, Boissoneault J. The effect of next day responsibilities and an adaptive purchase task on cannabis demand. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108919. [PMID: 34340160 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The marijuana purchase task (MPT) is a commonly used behavioral economic measure of relative cannabis value (i.e. demand) that presents specific methodological concerns due to non-standardized measurement, variability in modality of use, and evolving legalization policies. Refinement of the task is critical to improve task ecological validity and accurate measurement of cannabis demand. The present study examined the construct validity of an adaptive MPT that allowed for participant selection of their preferred cannabis-based product and unit of measurement and the effect of next-day responsibilities on demand. METHODS Participants reporting at least monthly cannabis use (N = 186, 40.3 % women, Mage = 33.59) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and completed the original MPT and our adaptive form with 2 next-day responsibilities scenarios (no responsibilities vs. morning job interview) for each MPT. Cannabis use motives, problems, and risk for cannabis use disorder were also assessed. RESULTS Cannabis demand was sensitive to next-day responsibility, with higher hypothetical consumption observed in the no responsibilities condition. Responsibility-related decreases in Omax (F(1,185) = 4.83, p = .029, η2p = .03) were significantly greater on the adaptive MPT than the original MPT. Demand indices derived from the adaptive MPT were significantly correlated with cannabis problems (rbreakpoint = .19, rPmax = 0.18, relasticity=-0.18) and motives (rrange=-.32-.25), and demand metrics from the original MPT. CONCLUSIONS Results provide preliminary support for the construct validity of an adaptive MPT and suggest that early-morning work responsibilities may reduce cannabis demand. Continued research is needed to further refine this task and determine implications for cannabis use disorder intervention and prevention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nicholas Bush
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ali Yurasek
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Akin-Akinyosoye K, James RJE, McWilliams DF, Millar B, das Nair R, Ferguson E, Walsh DA. The Central Aspects of Pain in the Knee (CAP-Knee) questionnaire; a mixed-methods study of a self-report instrument for assessing central mechanisms in people with knee pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:802-814. [PMID: 33621705 PMCID: PMC8177001 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.02.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pain is the prevailing symptom of knee osteoarthritis. Central sensitisation creates discordance between pain and joint pathology. We previously reported a Central Pain Mechanisms trait derived from eight discrete characteristics: Neuropathic-like pain, Fatigue, Cognitive-impact, Catastrophising, Anxiety, Sleep disturbance, Depression, and Pain distribution. We here validate and show that an 8-item questionnaire, Central Aspects of Pain in the Knee (CAP-Knee) is associated both with sensory- and affective- components of knee pain severity. METHODS Participants with knee pain were recruited from the Investigating Musculoskeletal Health and Wellbeing study in the East Midlands, UK. CAP-Knee items were refined following cognitive interviews. Psychometric properties were assessed in 250 participants using Rasch-, and factor-analysis, and Cronbach's alpha. Intra-class correlation coefficients tested repeatability. Associations between CAP-Knee and McGill Pain questionnaire pain severity scores were assessed using linear regression. RESULTS CAP-Knee targeted the knee pain sample well. Cognitive interviews indicated that participants interpreted CAP-Knee items in diverse ways, which aligned to their intended meanings. Fit to the Rasch model was optimised by rescoring each item, producing a summated score from 0 to 16. Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74) and test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC2,1 = 0.91). Each CAP-Knee item contributed uniquely to one discrete 'Central Mechanisms trait' factor. High CAP-Knee scores associated with worse overall knee pain intensity, and with each of sensory- and affective- McGill Pain Questionnaire scores. CONCLUSION CAP-Knee is a simple and valid self-report questionnaire, which measures a single 'Central Mechanisms' trait, and may help identify and target centrally-acting treatments aiming to reduce the burden of knee pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Akin-Akinyosoye
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
| | - R J E James
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - D F McWilliams
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
| | - B Millar
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
| | - R das Nair
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, UK; Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, UK; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - E Ferguson
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK.
| | - D A Walsh
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK; Rheumatology, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, UK.
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Williams MK, Vitus D, Ferguson E, Stennett B, Robinson M, Boissoneault J. Acute Tolerance to the Analgesic Effects of Alcohol. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:422-430. [PMID: 34100711 PMCID: PMC8328235 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine whether the acute analgesic effects of alcohol intake are moderated by acute alcohol tolerance, characterized by differing subjective and neurobehavioral effects of a given blood alcohol concentration (BAC) depending on whether BAC is rising or falling. METHOD Twenty-nine healthy drinkers (20 women) completed two laboratory sessions in which they consumed a study beverage: active alcohol (target BAC= .08 g/dl) and placebo. Acute alcohol tolerance was assessed by examining the main and interactive effects of beverage condition and assessment limb (ascending vs. descending) on quantitative sensory testing measures collected using slowly ramping heat stimuli and perceived relief ratings at comparable breath alcohol concentrations on the ascending and descending limbs. RESULTS BAC limb moderated the effect of condition on pain threshold, such that the threshold was significantly elevated in the alcohol condition on the ascending limb. The alcohol condition produced greater ratings of perceived pain relief than the placebo condition, and pain relief ratings were greater on the ascending versus descending limb of the BAC curve. Alcohol intake did not significantly affect pain tolerance or aftersensation ratings on either BAC limb. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial experimental evidence that alcohol's analgesic and pain-relieving effects are subject to acute tolerance following acute alcohol intake. These findings suggest that self-medicating pain via alcohol intake may be associated with high-risk drinking topography, increasing the risk for alcohol-related consequences. Further research is needed to determine if these effects extend to the context of clinical and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K. Williams
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Darya Vitus
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bethany Stennett
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Williams MK, Vitus D, Ferguson E, Stennett B, Robinson M, Boissoneault J. Acute Tolerance to the Analgesic Effects of Alcohol. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:422-430. [PMID: 34100711 PMCID: PMC8328235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine whether the acute analgesic effects of alcohol intake are moderated by acute alcohol tolerance, characterized by differing subjective and neurobehavioral effects of a given blood alcohol concentration (BAC) depending on whether BAC is rising or falling. METHOD Twenty-nine healthy drinkers (20 women) completed two laboratory sessions in which they consumed a study beverage: active alcohol (target BAC= .08 g/dl) and placebo. Acute alcohol tolerance was assessed by examining the main and interactive effects of beverage condition and assessment limb (ascending vs. descending) on quantitative sensory testing measures collected using slowly ramping heat stimuli and perceived relief ratings at comparable breath alcohol concentrations on the ascending and descending limbs. RESULTS BAC limb moderated the effect of condition on pain threshold, such that the threshold was significantly elevated in the alcohol condition on the ascending limb. The alcohol condition produced greater ratings of perceived pain relief than the placebo condition, and pain relief ratings were greater on the ascending versus descending limb of the BAC curve. Alcohol intake did not significantly affect pain tolerance or aftersensation ratings on either BAC limb. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial experimental evidence that alcohol's analgesic and pain-relieving effects are subject to acute tolerance following acute alcohol intake. These findings suggest that self-medicating pain via alcohol intake may be associated with high-risk drinking topography, increasing the risk for alcohol-related consequences. Further research is needed to determine if these effects extend to the context of clinical and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K. Williams
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Darya Vitus
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bethany Stennett
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michael Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Ferguson E, Zale E, Ditre J, Wesolowicz D, Stennett B, Robinson M, Boissoneault J. CANUE: A Theoretical Model of Pain as an Antecedent for Substance Use. Ann Behav Med 2020; 55:489-502. [PMID: 32914834 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain and substance use are frequently comorbid and have been shown to exert bidirectional effects. Self-medication of pain and distress via substance use is common and can be understood via negative reinforcement, ultimately strengthening the pathway between pain to substance use over time. As such, a testable model of the potentially modifiable candidate mechanisms that underlie the pain to substance use pathway is needed. PURPOSE This review proposes a testable model of pain as an antecedent to substance use to guide future research and inform clinical practice. METHODS An integrative review of current evidence regarding pain, substance use, and associated risk factors (i.e., negative affect, pain-related attitudes, negative urgency, and substance use outcome expectancies) was conducted. RESULTS The Catastrophizing, Anxiety, Negative Urgency, and Expectancy (CANUE) model highlights modifiable risk factors for self-medicating pain with substance use, including increased negative affect and maladaptive pain-related attitudes (i.e., pain catastrophizing, pain anxiety, and fear of pain), negative urgency, and substance-related outcome expectancies for pain relief and enhanced pain coping. CONCLUSIONS Targeted behavioral and psychological interventions that address these factors may facilitate more adaptive pain-coping responses, thereby reducing the impacts of pain on substance use. Systematic research is needed to evaluate the validity and clinical utility of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ferguson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Emily Zale
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Ditre
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Danielle Wesolowicz
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Bethany Stennett
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Michael Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Pain Research and Behavioral Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
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16
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Akin-Akinyosoye K, Sarmanova A, Fernandes GS, Frowd N, Swaithes L, Stocks J, Valdes A, McWilliams DF, Zhang W, Doherty M, Ferguson E, Walsh DA. Baseline self-report 'central mechanisms' trait predicts persistent knee pain in the Knee Pain in the Community (KPIC) cohort. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:173-181. [PMID: 31830591 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether baseline scores for a self-report trait linked to central mechanisms predict 1 year pain outcomes in the Knee Pain in the Community cohort. METHOD 1471 participants reported knee pain at baseline and responded to a 1-year follow-up questionnaire, of whom 204 underwent pressure pain detection thresholds (PPTs) and radiographic assessment at baseline. Logistic and linear regression models estimated the relative risks (RRs) and associations (β) between self-report traits, PPTs and pain outcomes. Discriminative performance for each predictor was compared using receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curves. RESULTS Baseline Central Mechanisms trait scores predicted pain persistence (Relative Risk, RR = 2.10, P = 0.001) and persistent pain severity (β = 0.47, P < 0.001), even after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, radiographic scores and symptom duration. Baseline joint-line PPTs also associated with pain persistence (RR range = 0.65 to 0.68, P < 0.02), but only in univariate models. Lower baseline medial joint-line PPT was associated with persistent pain severity (β = -0.29, P = 0.013) in a fully adjusted model. The Central Mechanisms trait model showed good discrimination of pain persistence cases from resolved pain cases (Area Under the Curve, AUC = 0.70). The discrimination power of other predictors (PPTs (AUC range = 0.51 to 0.59), radiographic OA (AUC = 0.62), age, sex and BMI (AUC range = 0.51 to 0.64), improved significantly (P < 0.05) when the central mechanisms trait was included in each logistic regression model (AUC range = 0.69 to 0.74). CONCLUSION A simple summary self-report Central Mechanisms trait score may indicate a contribution of central mechanisms to poor knee pain prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Akin-Akinyosoye
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - A Sarmanova
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - G S Fernandes
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Centre for Sports, Exercise, and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, UK.
| | - N Frowd
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - L Swaithes
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - J Stocks
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - A Valdes
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - D F McWilliams
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - W Zhang
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - M Doherty
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - E Ferguson
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - D A Walsh
- Pain Centre Versus Arthritis, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics, and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Rothwell M, Starmer G, Grenfell K, Harrison R, Reeves B, Ferguson E. 706 Rheumatic Heart Disease: Implementation of Innovative Cardiac Care Models under the Auspices of the Queensland Action Plan. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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De Beurs D, Fried EI, Wetherall K, Cleare S, O' Connor DB, Ferguson E, O'Carroll RE, O' Connor RC. Exploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: A theory driven network analysis. Behav Res Ther 2019; 120:103419. [PMID: 31238299 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.103419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Two leading theories within the field of suicide prevention are the interpersonal psychological theory of suicidal behaviour (IPT) and the integrated motivational-volitional (IMV) model. The IPT posits that suicidal thoughts emerge from high levels of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The IMV model is a multivariate framework that conceptualizes defeat and entrapment as key drivers of suicide ideation. We applied network analysis to cross-sectional data collected as part of the Scottish Wellbeing Study, in which a nationally representative sample of 3508 young adults (18-34 years) completed a battery of psychological measures. Network analysis can help us to understand how the different theoretical components interact and how they relate to suicide ideation. Within a network that included only the core factors from both models, internal entrapment and perceived burdensomeness were most strongly related to suicide ideation. The core constructs defeat, external entrapment and thwarted belonginess were mainly related to other factors than suicide ideation. Within the network of all available psychological factors, 12 of the 20 factors were uniquely related to suicide ideation, with perceived burdensomeness, internal entrapment, depressive symptoms and history of suicide ideation explaining the most variance. None of the factors was isolated, and we identified four larger clusters: mental wellbeing, interpersonal needs, personality, and suicide-related factors. Overall, the results suggest that relationships between suicide ideation and psychological risk factors are complex, with some factors contributing direct risk, and others having indirect impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Beurs
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat, 118-124, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - E I Fried
- Leiden University, Clinical Psychology, Netherlands
| | - K Wetherall
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - S Cleare
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
| | | | - E Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - R E O'Carroll
- Division of Psychology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, UK
| | - R C O' Connor
- Suicidal Behaviour Research Laboratory, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
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Moug SJ, Henderson N, Tiernan J, Bisset CN, Ferguson E, Harji D, Maxwell-Armstrong C, MacDermid E, Acheson AG, Steele RJC, Fearnhead NS. The colorectal surgeon's personality may influence the rectal anastomotic decision. Colorectal Dis 2018; 20:970-980. [PMID: 29904991 DOI: 10.1111/codi.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal surgeons regularly make the decision to anastomose, defunction or form an end colostomy when performing rectal surgery. This study aimed to define personality traits of colorectal surgeons and explore any influence of such traits on the decision to perform a rectal anastomosis. METHOD Fifty attendees of The Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2016 Conference participated. After written consent, all underwent personality testing: alexithymia (inability to understand emotions), type of thinking process (intuitive versus rational) and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, openness, emotional stability, conscientiousness). Questions were answered regarding anastomotic decisions in various clinical scenarios and results analysed to reveal any influence of the surgeon's personality on anastomotic decision. RESULTS Participants were: male (86%), consultants (84%) and based in England (68%). Alexithymia was low (4%) with 81% displaying intuitive thinking (reflex, fast). Participants scored higher in emotional stability (ability to remain calm) and conscientiousness (organized, methodical) compared with population norms. Personality traits influenced the next anastomotic decision if: surgeons had recently received criticism at a departmental audit meeting; were operating with an anaesthetist that was not their regular one; or there had been no anastomotic leaks in their patients for over 1 year. CONCLUSION Colorectal surgeons have speciality relevant personalities that potentially influence the important decision to anastomose and could explain the variation in surgical practice across the UK. Future work should explore these findings in other countries and any link of personality traits to patient-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Moug
- Royal Alexandra Hospital, Paisley, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - J Tiernan
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - E Ferguson
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Harji
- Health Education North East, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - C Maxwell-Armstrong
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E MacDermid
- New South Wales Health, North Sydney, Australia
| | - A G Acheson
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - N S Fearnhead
- Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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20
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Ferguson E, Lawrence C. It is only fair: blood donors are more sensitive to violations of fairness norms than nondonors - converging psychometric and ultimatum game evidence. Vox Sang 2018; 113:242-250. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ferguson
- School of Psychology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - C. Lawrence
- School of Psychology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
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21
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Liu NLBH, Kaler J, Ferguson E, O'Kane H, Green LE. Sheep farmers' attitudes to farm inspections and the role of sanctions and rewards as motivation to reduce the prevalence of lameness. Anim Welf 2018. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.27.1.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Safety culture is a vital concept in human healthcare because of its influence on staff behaviours in relation to patient safety. Understanding safety culture is essential to ensure the acceptance and sustainability of changes, such as the introduction of safe surgery checklists. While widely studied and assessed in human medicine, there is no tool for its assessment in veterinary medicine. This paper therefore presents initial data on such an assessment: the Nottingham Veterinary Safety Culture Survey (NVSCS). 350 pilot surveys were distributed to practising vets and nurses. The survey was also available online. 229 surveys were returned (65 per cent response rate) and 183 completed online, resulting in 412 surveys for analysis. Four domains were identified: (1) organisational safety systems and behaviours, (2) staff perceptions of management, (3) risk perceptions and (4) teamwork and communication. Initial indications of the reliability and the validity of the final survey are presented. Although early in development, the resulting 29-item NVSCS is presented as a tool for measuring safety culture in veterinary practices with implications for benchmarking, safety culture assessment and teamwork training.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oxtoby
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University, Sutton Bonnington Campus, Leicestershire LE125RD, UK.,36 The Street Shipton Moyne, Tetbury, Gloucestershire GL88PN, UK
| | - L Mossop
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - K White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham University, University Park Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Wyatt LA, Moreton BJ, Mapp PI, Wilson D, Hill R, Ferguson E, Scammell BE, Walsh DA. Histopathological subgroups in knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:14-22. [PMID: 27720884 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a heterogeneous, multi-tissue disease. We hypothesised that different histopathological features characterise different stages during knee OA progression, and that discrete subgroups can be defined based on validated measures of OA histopathological features. DESIGN Medial tibial plateaux and synovium were from 343 post-mortem (PM) and 143 OA arthroplasty donations. A 'chondropathy/osteophyte' group (n = 217) was classified as PM cases with osteophytes or macroscopic medial tibiofemoral chondropathy lesions ≥grade 3 to represent pre-surgical (early) OA. 'Non-arthritic' controls (n = 48) were identified from the remaining PM cases. Mankin histopathological scores were subjected to Rasch analysis and supplemented with histopathological scores for subchondral bone marrow replacement and synovitis. Item weightings were derived by principle components analysis (PCA). Histopathological subgroups were sought using latent class analysis (LCA). RESULTS Chondropathy, synovitis and osteochondral pathology were each associated with OA at arthroplasty, but each was also identified in some 'non-arthritic' controls. Tidemark breaching in the chondropathy/osteophyte group was greater than in non-arthritic controls. Three histopathological subgroups were identified, characterised as 'mild OA', or 'severe OA' with mild or moderate/severe synovitis. CONCLUSIONS Presence and severity of synovitis helps define distinct histopathological OA subgroups. The absence of a discrete 'normal' subgroup indicates a pathological continuum between normality and OA status. Identifying specific pathological processes and their clinical correlates in OA subgroups has potential to accelerate the development of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Wyatt
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - B J Moreton
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P I Mapp
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Wilson
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mansfield Road, Sutton in Ashfield, NG17 4JL, UK
| | - R Hill
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mansfield Road, Sutton in Ashfield, NG17 4JL, UK
| | - E Ferguson
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - B E Scammell
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Sherwood Forest Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Mansfield Road, Sutton in Ashfield, NG17 4JL, UK
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Gibson RS, Hotz C, Temple L, Yeudall F, Mtitimuni B, Ferguson E. Dietary Strategies to Combat Deficiencies of Iron, Zinc, and Vitamin A in Developing Countries: Development, Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation. Food Nutr Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/156482650002100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In many developing countries, staple diets are plant-based and consumption of animal products is low. As a result, the intake and bioavailability of iron, zinc, and vitamin A are often poor. Deficiencies of these micronutrients can be prevented by using dietary diversification and modification, a strategy involving changes in food production practices, food selection patterns, and traditional household methods for preparing and processing indigenous foods. Strategies at the food production level include the use of fertilizers, plant breeding, and genetic engineering to enhance the content and bioavailability of micronutrients in plant-based staples and increase the yield of indigenous edible wild plants. Household strategies involve small-livestock production, aquaculture, gardening projects, and changes in certain food preparation and processing practices designed to alter the content of absorption modifiers in the diet, such as soaking, germination, fermentation, and enrichment. This review also describes how these household strategies can best be incorporated into existing food consumption patterns, and how their impact on the nutrient adequacy of the diets can be assessed. the steps necessary to test the acceptability of the modified recipes, to identify potential barriers to their adoption, and to implement them in the community are discussed, using an example from rural Malawi. Finally, methods of monitoring the progress and evaluating the impact of the dietary strategies in short- and long-term studies are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, in Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C. Hotz
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, in Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - L. Temple
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, in Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - F. Yeudall
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, in Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - B. Mtitimuni
- Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi, Malawi
| | - E. Ferguson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, in Dunedin, New Zealand
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Zhao K, Ferguson E, Smillie L. Good manners rather than compassion predict fair allocations of wealth to a powerless partner: Personality–situation effects in economic bargaining games. Personality and Individual Differences 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Villemarette CP, Lyons E, Chung B, Ferguson E, LeMieux FM. 0955 The effect of three levels of unmilled rice on growth performance and digestive tract development in broilers and ducks. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Dominguez-Salas P, Alarcón P, Häsler B, Dohoo IR, Colverson K, Kimani-Murage EW, Alonso S, Ferguson E, Fèvre EM, Rushton J, Grace D. Nutritional characterisation of low-income households of Nairobi: socioeconomic, livestock and gender considerations and predictors of malnutrition from a cross-sectional survey. BMC Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40795-016-0086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ferguson
- Personality, Social Psychology and Health (PSPH) Group; School of Psychology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - C. Lawrence
- Personality, Social Psychology and Health (PSPH) Group; School of Psychology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
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Oxtoby C, Ferguson E, White K, Mossop L. We need to talk about error: causes and types of error in veterinary practice. Vet Rec 2015; 177:438. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Oxtoby
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University; Sutton Bonnington Campus Leicestershire LE125RD UK
| | - E. Ferguson
- School of Psychology, Nottingham University; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - K. White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University; Sutton Bonnington Campus Leicestershire LE125RD UK
| | - L. Mossop
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Nottingham University; Sutton Bonnington Campus Leicestershire LE125RD UK
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Brumm PJ, Monsma S, Keough B, Jasinovica S, Ferguson E, Schoenfeld T, Lodes M, Mead DA. Complete Genome Sequence of Thermus aquaticus Y51MC23. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138674. [PMID: 26465632 PMCID: PMC4605624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermus aquaticus Y51MC23 was isolated from a boiling spring in the Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park. Remarkably, this T. aquaticus strain is able to grow anaerobically and produces multiple morphological forms. Y51MC23 is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped organism that grows well between 50°C and 80°C with maximum growth rate at 65°C to 70°C. Growth studies suggest that Y51MC23 primarily scavenges protein from the environment, supported by the high number of secreted and intracellular proteases and peptidases as well as transporter systems for amino acids and peptides. The genome was assembled de novo using a 350 bp fragment library (paired end sequencing) and an 8 kb long span mate pair library. A closed and finished genome was obtained consisting of a single chromosome of 2.15 Mb and four plasmids of 11, 14, 70, and 79 kb. Unlike other Thermus species, functions usually found on megaplasmids were identified on the chromosome. The Y51MC23 genome contains two full and two partial prophage as well as numerous CRISPR loci. The high identity and synteny between Y51MC23 prophage 2 and that of Thermus sp. 2.9 is interesting, given the 8,800 km separation of the two hot springs from which they were isolated. The anaerobic lifestyle of Y51MC23 is complex, with multiple morphologies present in cultures. The use of fluorescence microscopy reveals new details about these unusual morphological features, including the presence of multiple types of large and small spheres, often forming a confluent layer of spheres. Many of the spheres appear to be formed not from cell envelope or outer membrane components as previously believed, but from a remodeled peptidoglycan cell wall. These complex morphological forms may serve multiple functions in the survival of the organism, including food and nucleic acid storage as well as colony attachment and organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J. Brumm
- C5-6 Technologies LLC, Fitchburg, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Scott Monsma
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brendan Keough
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Erin Ferguson
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Lodes
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David A. Mead
- Lucigen Corporation, Middleton, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Ferguson E, Ollivere B, Sahota O. 66DISCHARGE LOCATION AFTER HIP FRACTURE - THE EFFECT OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS. Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv113.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zacharias N, Finch C, Subasavage J, Bredthauer G, Crockett C, Divittorio M, Ferguson E, Harris F, Harris H, Henden A, Kilian C, Munn J, Rafferty T, Rhodes A, Schultheiss M, Tilleman T, Wieder G. THE FIRST U.S. NAVAL OBSERVATORY ROBOTIC ASTROMETRIC TELESCOPE CATALOG. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/150/4/101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ferguson E. Mechanism of altruism approach to blood donor recruitment and retention: a review and future directions. Transfus Med 2015; 25:211-26. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Ferguson
- Personality, Social Psychology and Health (PSPH) Group, School of Psychology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
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Pearson AB, Ferguson E, Deardon E, Morley WL. 3 * QUALITY OF PRESCRIPTIONS IN ACUTE GERIATRIC / STROKE WARDS WAS IMPROVED BY REGULAR DRUG CHART REVIEWS IN ADDITION TO SERIAL AUDIT FEEDBACK FOR PRESCRIBERS. Age Ageing 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afv029.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately a quarter to a half of all people fail to take their medication regimen as prescribed (i.e. non-adherence). Conscientiousness, from the five-factor model of personality, has been positively linked to adherence to medications in several recent studies. PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically estimate the strength and variability of this association across multiple published articles and to identify moderators of this relationship. METHOD A literature search identified 16 studies (N = 3,476) that met the study eligibility criteria. Estimates of effect sizes (r) obtained in these studies were meta-analysed. RESULTS Overall, a higher level of conscientiousness was associated with better medication adherence (r = 0.15; 95 % CI, 0.09, 0.21). Associations were significantly stronger in younger samples (r = 0.26, 95 % CI, 0.17, 0.34; k = 7). CONCLUSION The small association between conscientiousness and medication adherence may have clinical significance in contexts where small differences in adherence result in clinically important effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Molloy
- School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,
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Gallagher SM, Lovell MJ, Jones DA, Ferguson E, Ahktar A, Buckhoree Z, Wragg A, Knight CJ, Mathur A, Smith EJ, Cliffe S, Archbold RA, Rothman MT, Jain AK. Does a 'direct' transfer protocol reduce time to coronary angiography for patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes? A prospective observational study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005525. [PMID: 25270854 PMCID: PMC4179416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE National guidelines recommend 'early' coronary angiography within 96 h of presentation for patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS). Most patients with NSTE-ACS present to their district general hospital (DGH), and await transfer to the regional cardiac centre for angiography. This care model has inherent time delays, and delivery of timely angiography is problematic. The objective of this study was to assess a novel clinical care pathway for the management of NSTE-ACS, known locally as the Heart Attack Centre-Extension or HAC-X, designed to rapidly identify patients with NSTE-ACS while in DGH emergency departments (ED) and facilitate transfer to the regional interventional centre for 'early' coronary angiography. METHODS This was an observational study of 702 patients divided into two groups; 391 patients treated before the instigation of the HAC-X pathway (Pre-HAC-X), and 311 patients treated via the novel pathway (Post-HAC-X). Our primary study end point was time from ED admission to coronary angiography. We also assessed the length of hospital stay. RESULTS Median time from ED admission to coronary angiography was 7.2 (IQR 5.1-10.2) days pre-HAC-X compared to 1.0 (IQR 0.7-2.0) day post-HAC-X (p<0.001). Median length of hospital stay was 3.0 (IQR 2.0-6.0) days post-HAC-X v 9.0 (IQR 6.0-14.0) days pre-HAC-X (p<0.0005). This equates to a reduction of six hospital bed days per NSTE-ACS admission. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of this novel care pathway was associated with significant reductions in time to angiography and in total hospital bed occupancy for patients with NSTE-ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gallagher
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK Department of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research, Queen Mary College, London, UK
| | - M J Lovell
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - D A Jones
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary College, London, UK
| | - E Ferguson
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Ahktar
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Z Buckhoree
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Wragg
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK
| | - C J Knight
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Mathur
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK Department of Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary College, London, UK
| | - E J Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Cliffe
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - R A Archbold
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK
| | - M T Rothman
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A K Jain
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, London Chest Hospital, London, UK
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Evans R, Ferguson E. Defining and measuring blood donor altruism: a theoretical approach from biology, economics and psychology. Vox Sang 2013; 106:118-26. [PMID: 24117697 PMCID: PMC4171832 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While blood donation is traditionally described as a behaviour motivated by pure altruism, the assessment of altruism in the blood donation literature has not been theoretically informed. Drawing on theories of altruism from psychology, economics and evolutionary biology, it is argued that a theoretically derived psychometric assessment of altruism is needed. Such a measure is developed in this study that can be used to help inform both our understanding of the altruistic motives of blood donors and recruitment intervention strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey (N = 414), with a 1-month behavioural follow-up (time 2, N = 77), was designed to assess theoretically derived constructs from psychological, economic and evolutionary biological theories of altruism. Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) variables and co-operation were also assessed at time 1 and a measure of behavioural co-operation at time 2. RESULTS Five theoretical dimensions (impure altruism, kinship, self-regarding motives, reluctant altruism and egalitarian warm glow) of altruism were identified through factor analyses. These five altruistic motives differentiated blood donors from non-donors (donors scored higher on impure altruism and reluctant altruism), showed incremental validity over TPB constructs to predict donor intention and predicted future co-operative behaviour. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that altruism in the context of blood donation is multifaceted and complex and, does not reflect pure altruism. This has implication for recruitment campaigns that focus solely on pure altruism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Evans
- Personality Social Psychology and Health (PSPH) Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Ferguson E, Ciechanski P, Roy A, Ballanyi K, Wilson R. Methylxanthine reversal of opioid‐induced respiratory depression in the in situ neonatal rat working heart‐brainstem preparation. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1088.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ferguson
- Physiology & PharmacologyHotchkiss Brain Institute & AB Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Patrick Ciechanski
- Physiology & PharmacologyHotchkiss Brain Institute & AB Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Arijit Roy
- Physiology & PharmacologyHotchkiss Brain Institute & AB Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | | | - Richard Wilson
- Physiology & PharmacologyHotchkiss Brain Institute & AB Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
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Harris J, Felix L, Miners A, Murray E, Michie S, Ferguson E, Free C, Lock K, Landon J, Edwards P. Adaptive e-learning to improve dietary behaviour: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess 2011; 15:1-160. [PMID: 22030014 PMCID: PMC4781244 DOI: 10.3310/hta15370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK public health policy strongly advocates dietary change for the improvement of population health and emphasises the importance of individual empowerment to improve health. A new and evolving area in the promotion of dietary behavioural change is 'e-learning', the use of interactive electronic media to facilitate teaching and learning on a range of issues including health. The high level of accessibility, combined with emerging advances in computer processing power, data transmission and data storage, makes interactive e-learning a potentially powerful and cost-effective medium for improving dietary behaviour. OBJECTIVE This review aims to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adaptive e-learning interventions for dietary behaviour change, and also to explore potential psychological mechanisms of action and components of effective interventions. DATA SOURCES Electronic bibliographic databases (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, The Cochrane Library, Dissertation Abstracts, EMBASE, Education Resources Information Center, Global Health, Health Economic Evaluations Database, Health Management Information Consortium, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science) were searched for the period January 1990 to November 2009. Reference lists of included studies and previous reviews were also screened; authors were contacted and trial registers were searched. REVIEW METHODS Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials, involving participants aged ≥ 13 years, which evaluated the effectiveness of interactive software programs for improving dietary behaviour. Primary outcomes were measures of dietary behaviours, including estimated intakes or changes in intake of energy, nutrients, dietary fibre, foods or food groups. Secondary outcome measures were clinical outcomes such as anthropometry or blood biochemistry. Psychological mediators of dietary behaviour change were also investigated. Two review authors independently screened results and extracted data from included studies, with any discrepancies settled by a third author. Where studies reported the same outcome, the results were pooled using a random-effects model, with weighted mean differences (WMDs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Cost-effectiveness was assessed in two ways: through a systematic literature review and by building a de novo decision model to assess the cost-effectiveness of a 'generic' e-learning device compared with dietary advice delivered by a health-care professional. RESULTS A total of 36,379 titles were initially identified by the electronic searches, of which 43 studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. All e-learning interventions were delivered in high-income countries. The most commonly used behavioural change techniques reported to have been used were goal setting; feedback on performance; information on consequences of behaviour in general; barrier identification/problem solving; prompting self-monitoring of behaviour; and instruction on how to perform the behaviour. There was substantial heterogeneity in the estimates of effect. E-learning interventions were associated with a WMD of +0.24 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.44) servings of fruit and vegetables per day; -0.78 g (95% CI -2.5 g to 0.95 g) total fat consumed per day; -0.24 g (95% CI -1.44 g to 0.96 g) saturated fat intake per day; -1.4% (95% CI -2.5% to -0.3%) of total energy consumed from fat per day; +1.45 g (95% CI -0.02 g to 2.92 g) dietary fibre per day; +4 kcal (95% CI -85 kcal to 93 kcal) daily energy intake; -0.1 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.7 kg/m2 to 0.4 kg/m2) change in body mass index. The base-case results from the E-Learning Economic Evaluation Model suggested that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was approximately £102,112 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Expected value of perfect information (EVPI) analysis showed that although the individual-level EVPI was arguably negligible, the population-level value was between £37M and £170M at a willingness to pay of £20,000-30,000 per additional QALY. LIMITATIONS The limitations of this review include potential reporting bias, incomplete retrieval of completed research studies and data extraction errors. CONCLUSION The current clinical and economic evidence base suggests that e-learning devices designed to promote dietary behaviour change will not produce clinically significant changes in dietary behaviour and are at least as expensive as other individual behaviour change interventions. FUTURE WORK RECOMMENDATIONS Despite the relatively high EVPI results from the cost-effectiveness modelling, further clinical trials of individual e-learning interventions should not be undertaken until theoretically informed work that addresses the question of which characteristics of the target population, target behaviour, content and delivery of the intervention are likely to lead to positive results, is completed. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harris
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Cox R, Ferguson E, Sundar S. 7042 POSTER Validation of a Rating Scale to Assess the Effects of Testosterone Deficiency in Prostate Cancer Patients Taking Androgen Deprivation Therapy as an Adjunct to Radical Radiotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)71993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wood MJ, Mollison J, Harrild K, Ferguson E, McKay T, Srikantharajah A, Bell L, Bhattacharya S. A pragmatic RCT of conventional versus increased concentration sucrose in freezing and thawing solutions for human embryos. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1987-96. [PMID: 21586432 PMCID: PMC3137387 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intact frozen-thawed embryos have a greater potential than damaged embryos to establish successful pregnancies. This study aimed to determine whether elevated concentrations of sucrose during freezing would increase the proportion of patients with ≥ 50% of embryos intact after thawing (primary outcome), and improve clinical outcome. METHODS In a two arm, parallel group, pragmatic trial, IVF/ICSI couples were randomized prospectively to have their supernumerary embryos frozen in a medium containing 0.1 M sucrose (control; n = 99) or 0.3 M sucrose (intervention; n = 102). RESULTS More control (74/99) than intervention (63/102) couples had at least one embryo thawed (P = 0.07). Significantly more (P = 0.005) intervention (53/63) than control (45/74) couples had ≥ 50% of embryos intact. Freezing in a medium containing 0.3 M sucrose increased by 3.4-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) (1.45, 7.82)] the likelihood of a couple having ≥ 50% of their embryos intact. In the fresh cycle, live birth rate per transfer was similar in the control (35/95) and intervention (36/93) groups (P = 0.91). More control (19/63) than intervention (9/59) couples had a live birth after frozen embryo transfer (P = 0.08). When fresh and frozen cycles were combined, fewer intervention (n = 102) than control (n = 99) couples had at least one live birth (42 versus 53%). The difference in cumulative live birth rate was not significant [hazard ratio = 0.75, 95% CI (0.49, 1.13); P = 0.17]. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the concentration of sucrose in the freezing medium improves embryo survival, but this is not reflected by increased cumulative birth rates. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN93314892.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Wood
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Gallagher SM, Lovell MJ, Jones D, Ferguson E, Antoniou S, Mohiddin S, Westwood M, Mathur A, Archbold RA, Knight C, Jain AK. 2 A "direct" transfer protocol for patients with non ST-elevation myocardial infarction reduces time to coronary angiography. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300198.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tsim P, Ferguson E, Carty HM, Baxendale B, Dhinsa R, Maxwell-Armstrong CA. Is Laparoscopic Simulator Performance Affected by Training Environment? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1308/147363511x568488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of simulators in laparoscopic surgery complements current training with reduced working hours. Trainees can acquire basic skills quickly and efficiently without compromising patient safety. Competence in skills learnt on a simulator has been shown to translate to operating theatre performance. In addition to this, laparoscopic surgeons require new skills since no transfer has been reported between open surgical skills and new laparoscopic techniques. As a result of their numerous advantages, simulators are routinely used as part of training in laparoscopic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tsim
- Medical Student, University of Nottingham
| | - E Ferguson
- Professor of Health Psychology, University of Nottingham
| | - H-M Carty
- Clinical Teaching Fellow, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - B Baxendale
- Director, Nottingham, University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - R Dhinsa
- Medical Student, University of Nottingham
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Abstract
Malaria is one of the worst sicknesses to affect humankind. For centuries there was no specific treatment, and it was not until the seventeenth century that Spanish colonisers brought back from Peru tree bark from which quinine was later extracted. In the twentieth century, synthetic alternatives to quinine were developed. Of these, chloroquine was the most successful, but by the 1970s widespread resistance had developed and the world was left without an effective treatment for malaria. During the same decade Chinese scientists extracted from sweet wormwood plant the drug artemisinin, which has proved to be very effective against chloroquine-resistant malarial parasites. The use of a combination therapy including artemisinin has made it possible to contemplate the eradication of malaria. Efforts to produce a stable and inexpensive supply of artemisinin are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Butler
- Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.
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Tsim P, Carty HM, Baxendale B, Ferguson E, Maxwell-Armstrong CA. Laparoscopic simulator performance: Harrier fighter pilots versus medical and non-medical undergraduates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1308/147363510x485841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing use of simulation in medical training, including laparoscopic surgery. This is a situation likely to increase as the number of hours spent in direct surgical training reduces as a result of the European Working Time Directive and the consequently decreased length of training. New skills are required by laparoscopic surgeons, including overcoming altered depth perception, translating 2D images into 3D anatomy, and familiarisation with laparoscopic instruments. These skills must be mastered in addition to those required by open surgeons: no transfer has been found between open surgical and new laparoscopic skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tsim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham
| | - H-M Carty
- Department of Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - B Baxendale
- Trent Simulation and Clinical Skills Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
| | - E Ferguson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nottingham
| | - CA Maxwell-Armstrong
- Department of Surgery, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
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Pal S, Ferguson E, Madill SA, Al-Shahi Salman R. Neurological picture. Double depressor palsy caused by bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1328-9. [PMID: 19917816 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.167643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Pal
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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Lotfipour S, Ferguson E, Leonard G, Perron M, Pike B, Richer L, Séguin JR, Toro R, Veillette S, Pausova Z, Paus T. Orbitofrontal Cortex and Drug Use during Adolescence: Role of Prenatal Exposure to Maternal Smoking and BDNF Genotype. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A long-standing issue in the health anxiety literature is the extent to which health anxiety is a dimensional or a categorical construct. This study explores this question directly using taxometric procedures. METHOD Seven hundred and eleven working adults completed an index of health anxiety [the Whiteley Index (WI)] and indicated their current health status. Data from those who were currently healthy (n=501) and receiving no medical treatment were examined using three taxometric procedures: mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum eigenvalue (MAXEIGEN) and L-mode factor analysis (L-MODE). RESULTS Graphical representations (comparing actual to simulated data) and fit indices indicate that health anxiety is more accurately represented as a dimensional rather than a categorical construct. CONCLUSIONS Health anxiety is better represented as a dimensional construct. Implications for theory development and clinical practice are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ferguson
- Risk Analysis, Social Processes and Health (RASPH) Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK.
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