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Hasabo EA, Ayyad FA, Alam Eldeen SAM, Noureldaim MK, Abdallah TA, Ahmed YT, Badi S, Khalid WK, Mirghani HA, Mohammed YA, Alkhider LA, Hamad SA, Tagelseed AM, Elsheikh EHA, Khalid NH, Mohammed SA, Elmobark SO, Ali OO, Mohammed Ali DA, Muneer MS, Awadalla H, Malik EM. Clinical manifestations, complications, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in Sudan: a multicenter observational study. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:91. [PMID: 34776007 PMCID: PMC8590864 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Although clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are mainly pulmonary, some patients have other systemic manifestations. This study aimed to describe the clinical finding and outcomes in Sudanese patients diagnosed with COVID-19. METHODS This retrospective observational study is based on documented files that included patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in seven selected hospitals inside Khartoum. Clinical manifestations, complications and outcomes were extracted from patients' records using an extraction form designed for this study. RESULTS Data of 243 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed. The mean (SD) age in years was 55.8 (18.4). Out of 116 participants, 27 of them (23.3%) had severe disease, 15 (12.9%) were critically ill. 67.5% of patients were admitted to the hospital within 7 days from onset of symptoms; most of them were admitted to the wards (n = 140,72.5%). Fever (83.2%), cough (70.7%), and shortness of breath (69.2%) were the most commonly recorded clinical manifestations. Sepsis (9.8%) and acidosis (7.8%) were the most frequently reported complications. Death was the final outcome in 21.4% (56/243). Older age and presence of diabetes were found significantly associated with in-hospital death. The laboratory results showed high CRP in 85.6% (119/139), high ferritin in 88.9% (24/27), lactate dehydrogenase had a median of 409.0 (359-760), D-dimer had a median of 3.3 (1.2-16. 6), and 53/105 (50.5%) had low albumin. CONCLUSIONS Fever was the most mentioned sign among the participants, followed by fatigue. Cough and shortness of breath were the most commonly recorded pulmonary symptoms manifested. Our study showed multiple variables were associated with in-hospital death. The mortality rate was high among severe and critically ill patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elfatih A Hasabo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan.
| | - Fatima A Ayyad
- School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sara A M Alam Eldeen
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | | | - Tibyan A Abdallah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Yousra T Ahmed
- Faculty of Medical Laboratory, University of Alzaiem Alazhari, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Safaa Badi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Hind A Mirghani
- School of Medicine, Ahfad University for Women, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Lubaba A Alkhider
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Saada A Hamad
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Amna M Tagelseed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Ethar H A Elsheikh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Noon H Khalid
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Samia A Mohammed
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Sara O Elmobark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Ola O Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Duaa A Mohammed Ali
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Mohamed S Muneer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, ElQasr Avenue, Khartoum, Khartoum state, 11111, Sudan
| | - Heitham Awadalla
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elfatih M Malik
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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