Systemic relations among the variables involved in occupational accidents of the nursing team in a psychiatric hospital

BACKGROUND

The occupational activities carried out in hospital environments pose occupational risks to professionals. In psychiatric hospitals, due to the characteristics of the patients treated, professionals are also subjected to other risks, such as physical aggression.

OBJECTIVE

This research aimed to identify the systemic context, highlighting the cause-and-effect relationships that culminate in occupational accidents that occurred with the nursing staff in a psychiatric hospital in Brazil.

METHODS

The current study is an applied research and was divided into three stages. First, the collection of data related to the case study was made and accidents were analyzed and occupational hazards were identified. In the second stage, from the collected information, occupational safety indicators were defined. Lastly, in the third stage, the qualitative aspect of System Dynamics was applied to perform the systemic analysis and to identify how the different variables were related.

RESULTS

The results showed that physical aggression was the main cause of accidents. Regarding safety indicators, while both the level of use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by professionals and the high level of PPE protection were positive aspects, the level of training of professionals to use PPE was a negative aspect. The Causal Link Diagram (CLD) showed that the perception of risk influenced the level of use of PPE and those organizational measures influenced the accident rate.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the systemic analysis of the system dynamics can optimize the diagnostic process of occupational accidents in psychiatric hospitals, and especially help to identify the cause and effect among the variables involved.

Gestão de design e os novos negócios: proposição de ações para implementação de um negócio no setor alimentício no contexto da Covid-19

O objetivo deste artigo foi propor ações estratégicas, táticas e operacionais para implementação de um novo negócio no setor alimentício, por meio de uma abordagem da Gestão de Design com auxílio de ferramentas de planejamento estratégico, Análise SWOT e o Benchmarking, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. A pesquisa proporcionou subsídios teóricos e práticos para implementação do negócio, relativas à sua organização, marca, estrutura física, marketing e sistema de vendas.

Ergonomic assessment of postal workers' pain symptoms and musculoskeletal risks related to parcel processing activity for delivery

The parcel delivery activity is carried out all over the world and workers in this sector have suffered from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to the strong demand for work generated by the recent increase in e-commerce. This study aimed to evaluate postal workers' pain symptoms, movements and identify MSDs risks related to the parcel processing activity for delivery, proposing preventive measures. A sample of thirty-two workers was evaluated with the application of sociodemographic and Nordic questionnaires and electrical bioimpedance. The motion capture sensors were used to evaluate right/left shoulder joints, segment C7-T1 (Cervical) and segment L5-S1 (Lumbar) of three postal workers (percentiles of anthropometric data: 5, 50, and 95) during four real work activities that are part of the parcel processing. The analyzed workers presented musculoskeletal complaints in practically all body regions, with a greater prevalence in shoulders, hands, lower back, and knees. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI), they were on average overweight (27.8 ± 3.7 kg/m²). In the movement analysis, we identified risks related to cervical protrusion, anterior trunk flexion, and shoulder flexion, in addition to repetitive movements. In some activities, the higher stature showed an increase in lumbar and cervical anterior flexion. The set of evaluations showed that the activity of processing orders for delivery offers musculoskeletal risks. We identify that ergonomic adaptations are necessary to adapt the heights of the work environment to the statures of the postal workers. Relevance to industry: The activity of processing orders for delivery is carried out practically all over the world generating jobs and income for its employees. Nonetheless, there are still situations of ergonomic disadvantage that can generate musculoskeletal risks. The findings elucidate ergonomic risks and provide useful information for future ergonomic interventions in the postal/delivery workplace environment.

Cutting force measurement: Hand tool instrumentation used in slaughterhouses - a systematic review

Workers' intensive use of hand tool cutting in the meat packing industry is a risk factor for occupational health, mainly by mechanical compression of tissues in the upper limbs, which can cause Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs). This systematic review aimed to identify the characteristics and measured variables of instrumented knives and determine how they should be designed. The review process and article extractions occurred through an analysis of the (article) titles, keywords and abstracts, followed by reading the full texts by two reviewers independently. Searches were conducted in Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Ebsco and Engineering Village for articles published in peer-reviewed journals from January 2000 to March 2019, in the English language. The result of (the) search included 1289 potentially eligible studies, with 894 duplicated/triplicated/quadruplicated articles that were excluded, resulting in 404 remaining articles of which 33 were considered eligible, with 36 additional articles, totaling 69 evaluated full texts. After the review, none of the 14 analyzed studies, were rated as having good methodological quality. In addition, four types of instrumented knives were used. Data acquisition was performed in both laboratory and meat processing plants. It is noteworthy that only one knife was submitted to a validation process and that the articles did not provide complete technical information about the knives. The result demonstrated that the cutting force varies within and between subjects, tasks, plants and blade finishings. All knives used some type of electrical connection via cable or wires. Of the articles found, none considered the influences that the workers are subject to when they do not use the same tool daily for data acquisition. Therefore, the development of different types of instrumented knives, with wireless data transmission and more rigorous studies are necessary to expand the knowledge of the cutting force and development of WMSD in slaughterhouse workers who perform meat cutting.

Gestão de design e cultura organizacional: diagnóstico de uma microempresa de estofados

O desenvolvimento de uma cultura organizacional voltada ao design é uma estratégia de diferenciação para as empresas. Portanto, este artigo se propõe a diagnosticar a cultura organizacional de uma microempresa de estofados como forma de identificar potencialidades e fragilidades para inserção da gestão de design. Caracteriza-se como um estudo qualitativo, exploratório e descritivo, por meio de um estudo de caso. Os resultados apontam uma posição favorável da empresa quanto a inserção da gestão de design.

Simulating the influence of physical overload on assembly line performance: A case study in an automotive electrical component plant

Although the workstations of a Brazilian automotive electrical harness production line are set close to TAKT time (the production rate required to meet demand), factory performance is compromised regarding: (i) sick leaves due to occupational disease (105 employees last year) and (ii) a production rate at only 42% of capacity. Our objective was to simulate the performance of a production line balanced against physical overload by the addition of an extra workstation. Based on ergonomic work analysis, the study applied System Dynamics at the global observation stage to obtain a systemic interpretation of the factors involved in production line performance. According to the indicators, the alternative configuration reduced physical overload by 36%, which would result in a sick leave rate of 50.8 employees/year (51.6% lower than the current configuration), as well as a production rate at 99% of capacity (a 92.7% increase over the current configuration). We found that reducing physical overload allows the "workforce control" loop to govern the system, producing favorable results. We conclude that setting the work cycle overly close to TAKT time leads to overload, due to the shorter recovery times at the end of each cycle. Thus, it is necessary to seek a balance between efficiency gains through downtime reduction and the physiological recovery of workers.

An aircraft seat discomfort scale using item response theory

The purpose of this study is to construct an aircraft seat discomfort scale and verify the evidence of its validity and reliability. We developed a questionnaire and presented it to 1500 Brazilian passengers at an airport. The data analysis included: 1) factor analysis; 2) the analysis of the items to be used in the scale created using Item Response Theory. The scale covered all levels, from "without discomfort" to "maximum discomfort". At the level of minimal, a passenger feels that the aircraft seat is cramped and has little space. Discomfort tends to increase when passengers are unable to perform desired activities (eg: reading, sleeping), which causes irritation and disappointment. The maximum discomfort level occurs when noise disrupts activities and an aircraft seat is considered hard. The scale developed presented indications that it is reliable and valid, proving to be a useful tool for identifying levels of discomfort in aircraft seats.

Work Ergonomic Analysis: Application of a Postural Study on the Oysters Cultivation

O cultivo de moluscos marinhos é uma atividade de grande importância no Brasil proporcionando a geração de emprego e renda para pescadores artesanais e comunidades pesqueiras, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento local.  Entretanto, este tipo de cultivo ainda é realizado de forma bastante artesanal com intensa utilização de mão de obra. Diante disso, este estudo teve por objetivo realizar uma descrição das posturas e movimentos de maricultores durante a realização da atividade de classificação de ostras. Participaram voluntariamente dez funcionários de uma fazenda marinha no município de Florianópolis, SC. Para análise da postura e movimentos, utilizou-se o método Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) e método NIOSH juntamente com a observação in loco e entrevistas com os maricultores. A tarefa de classificação de ostras  apresenta médio risco de lesão ou doenças ocupacionais, principalmente na região cervical e membros superiores, pois é desenvolvida com acentuada flexão de cabeça e ombros, o que exige muito da musculatura envolvida para manter a postura e realizar movimentos repetitivos. Muitos trabalhadores apresentam dores musculares nos ombros, lombar, mãos, punhos e dedos. Adaptações simples e economicamente viáveis devem ser adotadas, pois através da avaliação ergonômica é possível realizar intervenções que estão ao alcance dos trabalhadores. Necessita-se transmitir os conhecimentos para que os trabalhadores tenham consciência das posturas que devem adotar na realização desta atividade aquícola e assim promover uma melhor qualidade de vida desta população.Palavras-chave: Aquicultura. Ergonomia. Saúde do Trabalhador.AbstractThe cultivation of marine mollusks is an activity of great importance in Brazil, providing employment and income for artisanal fishermen and fishing communities, contributing to local development. However, this type of cultivation is still carried out in a very handmade way with intense use of labor. The objective of this study was to describe the postures and movements of fish farmers during the oyster classification activity. Ten employees of a marine farm participated in the municipality of Florianópolis, SC. For the analysis of the posture and movements, the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method and NIOSH method were used along with in situ observation and interviews with the workers. The task of oysters classification  presents an average risk of injury or occupational diseases, especially in the cervical region and upper limbs, as it is developed with marked flexion of the head and shoulders, which requires a lot of the muscles involved to maintain the posture and perform repetitive movements. Many workers have muscle pains in the shoulders, lower back, hands, wrists and fingers. Simple and economically viable adaptations should be adopted, because through ergonomic evaluation it is possible to carry out interventions that are within the reach of the workers. It is necessary to transmit  knowledge so that the workers are aware of the postures that they must adopt in the accomplishment of this aquaculture activity and thus to promote a better quality of life of this population.Keywords: Aquaculture. Ergonomics. Occupational Health.

Proposta de gestão do absenteísmo da enfermagem hospitalar: uma revisão sistemática

Resumo Objetivo: Investigar na literatura o conhecimento disponível sobre a interdependência dos agentes desencadeantes do absenteísmo da enfermagem hospitalar para inferir, a partir de uma perspectiva multicausal, possíveis ações de gestão e controle. Métodos: Revisão sistemática compreendendo o recorte temporal de 2013 à 2017, utilizando descritores operacionalizados em bases de dados indexadas do portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). A busca seguiu a metodologia Statement Preferred Reporting items For Systematic Reviews And Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) auxiliada pelo software EndNote®. Resultados: Finalizado o processo de depuração dos 269 artigos recuperados, 39 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos e, deles, 23,08% atribuiu a origem do absenteísmo a causas diversas não específicas. A organização do trabalho foi identificada como causa em 20,51% do material analisado, os adoecimentos musculoesqueléticos 15,38% e, os transtornos mentais e comportamentais totalizaram 10,26%. A síndrome de Burnout, 7,69% dos artigos, a satisfação no trabalho e os aspectos psicossociais 5,13% cada, relacionamento com demais membros das equipes, assédio e resiliência, ambiente laboral, fadiga e conflitos com o paciente, cada um, com 2,56% dos artigos analisados na revisão sistemática. Conclusão: Pelos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que o absenteísmo deve ser tratado a partir de uma perspectiva múltipla, holística, epidemiológica e prospectiva através de variáveis organizacionais, físicas e cognitivas compatíveis com as análises multicausais.

Design and validation of an aircraft seat comfort scale using item response theory

This article aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a scale that measures aircraft seat comfort. Factor analysis was used to study data variances. Psychometric quality was checked by using Item Response Theory. The sample consisted of 1500 passengers who completed a questionnaire at a Brazilian airport. Full information factor analysis showed the presence of one dominant factor explaining 34% of data variance. The scale generated covered all levels of comfort data, from 'no comfort' to 'maximum comfort'. The results show that the passengers consider there is comfort, but this is very minimal when these passengers have to perform their desired activities. It tends to increase when aspects of the aircraft seating are improved and positive emotions are elicited. Comfort peaks when pleasure is experienced and passenger expectations are exceeded (maximum comfort). This outcome seems consistent with the literature. Further research is advised to compare the outcome of this questionnaire with other research methods, and to check if the questionnaire is sensitive enough and whether its conclusions are useful in practice.

Avaliação dos indicadores de acidentes de trabalho como proposta de intervenções ergonômicas em um abatedouro de frangos

A indústria frigorífica faz do Brasil um dos principais produtores e exportadores mundiais de carne. Nesta perspectiva, este setor mantem-se na busca constante pela competitividade, sendo que as atividades nas indústrias são intensificadas para alcançar maior produtividade, resultando em doenças ocupacionais e riscos de acidentes. Para propor medidas que contribuam na redução de acidentes de trabalho em abatedouros de frangos, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar os indicadores de acidentes e propor demandas de intervenções ergonômicas com base nos indicadores de acidentes que ocorreram nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014 em um abatedouro de frangos localizado na região de São José – S.C. O estudo trata de uma pesquisa de campo com análise documental e utilização do método indutivo. Os dados foram avaliados quantitativamente utilizando-se de planilhas eletrônicas e gráficos. Os resultados apontam que do total de 161 acidentes avaliados, os com cortes foram os que apresentaram o maior número de casos. O agente causador que mais gerou acidentes foi o uso de facas e a parte do corpo mais atingida nos acidentes foi os membros superiores. Os resultados apontam que o abatedouro apresenta demandas de intervenções ergonômicas para adequação das condições de trabalho com enfoque na redução de acidentes de trabalho.

Solutions in radiology services management: a literature review

OBJECTIVE

The present study was aimed at reviewing the literature to identify solutions for problems observed in radiology services.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Basic, qualitative, exploratory literature review at Scopus and SciELO databases, utilizing the Mendeley and Illustrator CC Adobe softwares.

RESULTS

In the databases, 565 papers - 120 out of them, pdf free - were identified. Problems observed in the radiology sector are related to procedures scheduling, humanization, lack of training, poor knowledge and use of management techniques, and interaction with users. The design management provides the services with interesting solutions such as Benchmarking, CRM, Lean Approach, ServiceBlueprinting, continued education, among others.

CONCLUSION

Literature review is an important tool to identify problems and respective solutions. However, considering the small number of studies approaching management of radiology services, this is a great field of research for the development of deeper studies.

Estudo comparativo da usabilidade de comandos direcionais para duas concepções de máquinas agrícolas

O estado de Santa Catarina apresentou um expressivo crescimento em sua frota de máquinas agrícolas nos últimos 40 anos. Pelas origens históricas, o estado experimentou uma  agricultura familiar forte que se desenvolveu em pequenas propriedades. Essa reduzida dimensão das propriedades rurais impulsionou a aquisição de máquinas agrícolas de pequeno porte tais como os motocultivadores. Estima-se que em Santa Catarina existam mais de 20 mil máquinas dessa natureza. Pela concepção inicial dessa máquina seu emprego destina-se a operações com deslocamento em pé, possuindo para isso comandos dimensionados para a postura na vertical. Porém grande parcela dos motocultivadores é empregada no transporte de carga e pessoal, através da adaptação de um implemento que possibilita a condução na posição sentada. Essa modificação é incompleta, pois não possibilita a instalação de volante para manobras. Assim essa inadequação do comando aumenta a dificuldade na condução do veículo e pode potencializar o erro humano, levando ao acidente.  Buscando comparar a usabilidade e o índice de erros no acionamento de comandos de motocultivadores e de tratores, no trabalho utilizou-se de dois métodos: análise pelo modelo Usa- Design (U-D© )e teste de usabilidade. Um painel posicionado à frente das duas máquinas agrícolas simulou obstáculos surgindo à direita ou esquerda do operador, em situação de subida ou descida, e foi observada a reação do mesmo ao estímulo. A amostra de 53 voluntários comprovou que para todos os grupos (níveis de experiência) o erro foi maior para o motocultivador.  O trator apresentou 5,7 % de erro enquanto que no motocultivador esse valor foi de 49,1 %. O resultado encontrado pelo modelo Usa Design concordou com os encontrados no teste e apontou graves deficiências em aspectos funcionais e de segurança no motocultivador. 

Investigation of complexity of the instruction manuals for electrical coffeepots

BACKGROUND

Electrical coffeepots are commonly used in professional and residential environments. Their instruction manuals are related to issues that involve the user's safety and ability to operate the machine correctly. To provide the best product performance to the user, one must indicate or inform the correct usability, to turn the interaction easier.

OBJECTIVE

This research proposes to investigate the instruction manuals of the electrical coffeepots.

METHODS

Four coffee pot instruction manuals were analyzed in relation to the complexity through the heuristic evaluation. For that, eight experts of the Graphic Design were chosen to answer twenty four questions with the aim of analyzing: images; texts; layout development; information and warnings.

RESULTS

This study shows the results of the 04 (four) items analyzed: a) images; b) texts; c) layout development; d) information and warnings, together with the suggestions of improvements for each manual.

CONCLUSIONS

It is believed that the methodological procedures for the application of the heuristic evaluation have facilitated the diagnosis of fragilities and barriers that the users find during the interaction with electrical coffeepot manuals.

An auditive protection for professional musicians

The auditory channel is one of the most affected by the activity of musicians. The aim of this study was to verify the efficiency of the Monitor of Hearing In Ear regarding prevention of the hearing loss in the activity realized by musicians. This study justifies by the need to verify a possible method of protection for these professionals. It was analyzed a group of 10 musicians of a band of dance of Santa Catarina. The methods of research were questionnaires, audiometry and analysis of the technical specifications of Monitors of Hearing In Ear. The population investigated are aged between 18-56, and time in the profession between 37 and 0,4 years. The exhibition is of, roughly, 12 hours a week during the presentations, 4,5 hours a week rehearsing in group and from 1 to 8 weekly hours of isolated rehearsal. It was observed that 40% of the population presented normal hearing thresholds for left and right ear, the sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear was ascertained in 40% and 20% presented sensorineural hearing loss in both ears. The advantage of the Monitor of Hearing In Ear is that there is the blocking of the undesirable sounds, making possible a greater audible reduction, generally between 25 and 40 dB, showing possibility to be considered a half of protection for professional musicians.

O trabalho dos músicos: análise das queixas musculoesqueléticas e suas relações com a prática instrumental

Os acometimentos musculoesqueléticos estão presentes na profissão dos músicos. Muitas vezes, as queixas de dor e desconforto são relacionadas aos afastamentos das atividades instrumentais. Porém, essas associações ainda não são esclarecidas pela literatura, principalmente em âmbito nacional. Logo, o presente estudo buscou analisar as associações entre as queixas musculoesqueléticas e os afastamentos em função dessas queixas em músicos de orquestra. O estudo foi realizado com 20 músicos de uma orquestra da região Sul do Brasil. Os instrumentistas responderam ao questionário Nórdico e a um questionário com perguntas abertas que identificou os aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde e de trabalho. Os aspectos foram associados às queixas musculoesqueléticas nos últimos 12 meses, 7 dias e aos afastamentos da profissão em função das queixas. Os resultados ilustram relações moderadas entre a idade, gênero, tempo e freqüência de prática instrumental com as queixas musculoesqueléticas relatadas pelos músicos. Além disso, o tipo de instrumento tocado também está relacionado às queixas, sendo os músicos de cordas aqueles com maiores tendências de ter queixas.

Qualidade de vida: conceito e variáveis relacionadas

Devido à falta de um conceito amplamente aceito a qualidade de vida é tratada por diferentes óticas conforme a área e a situação de interesse, sendo, em muitos casos, considerada sinônimo de saúde. Assim, este artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma apresentação de algumas abordagens conceituais e discutir algumas variáveis relacionadas à qualidade de vida como saúde, estilo de vida, bem-estar, felicidade, liberdade, autonomia, possibilidades de crescimento e percepção. As leituras realizadas apontam para a necessidade do tema ser tratado de forma ampla e multidisciplinar e da investigação de estratégias claras para a promoção da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos.