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Shah NM, Apps C, Kaltsakas G, Madden-Scott S, Suh ES, D'Cruz RF, Arbane G, Patout M, Lhuillier E, Hart N, Murphy PB. The Effect of Pressure Changes During Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation on Respiratory and Airway Physiology. Chest 2024; 165:929-941. [PMID: 37844796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory muscle weakness can impair cough function, leading to lower respiratory tract infections. These infections are an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in patients with neuromuscular disease. Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE) is used to augment cough function in these patients. Although MIE is widely used, there are few data to advise on the optimal technique. Since the introduction of MIE, the recommended pressures to be delivered have increased. There are concerns regarding the use of higher pressures and their potential to cause lung derecruitment and upper airway closure. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the impact of high-pressure MIE (HP-MIE) on lung recruitment, respiratory drive, upper airway flow, and patient comfort, compared with low-pressure MIE (LP-MIE), in patients with respiratory muscle weakness? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Clinically stable patients using domiciliary MIE with respiratory muscle weakness secondary to Duchenne muscle dystrophy, spinal cord injury, or long-term tracheostomy ventilation received LP-MIE (30/-30 cm H2O) and HP-MIE (60/-60 cm H2O) in a random sequence. Lung recruitment, neural respiratory drive, and cough peak expiratory flow were measured throughout, and patients reported comfort and breathlessness following each intervention. RESULTS A total of 29 patients (10 with Duchenne muscle dystrophy, eight with spinal cord injury, and 11 with long-term tracheostomy ventilation) were included in this study. HP-MIE augmented cough peak expiratory flow compared with LP-MIE (mean cough peak expiratory flow HP-MIE 228 ± 81 L/min vs LP-MIE 179 ± 67 L/min; P = .0001) without any significant change in lung recruitment, neural respiratory drive, or patient-reported breathlessness. However, in patients with more pronounced respiratory muscle weakness, HP-MIE resulted in an increased rate of upper airway closure and patient discomfort that may have an impact on clinical efficacy. INTERPRETATION HP-MIE did not lead to lung derecruitment or breathlessness compared with LP-MIE. However, it was poorly tolerated in individuals with advanced respiratory muscle weakness. HP-MIE generates more upper airway closure than LP-MIE, which may be missed if cough peak expiratory flow is used as the sole titration target. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT02753959; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj M Shah
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Chloe Apps
- Critical Care, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Kaltsakas
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Madden-Scott
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Critical Care, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca F D'Cruz
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gill Arbane
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maxime Patout
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Shah NM, Apps C, Kaltsakas G, Madden-Scott S, Suh ES, D'Cruz RF, Arbane G, Patout M, Lhuillier E, Hart N, Murphy PB. Response. Chest 2024; 165:e130-e131. [PMID: 38599760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj M Shah
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, England.
| | - Chloe Apps
- Critical Care, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, England
| | - Georgios Kaltsakas
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Sophie Madden-Scott
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Critical Care, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Rebecca F D'Cruz
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Gill Arbane
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Maxime Patout
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire APHP-Sorbonne Université, site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service des Pathologies du Sommeil (Département R3S), Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, England
| | - Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England; Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, England
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3
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Myall KJ, West AG, Martinovic JL, Lam JL, Roque D, Wu Z, Maher TM, Molyneaux PL, Suh ES, Kent BD. Nocturnal Hypoxemia Associates With Symptom Progression and Mortality in Patients With Progressive Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease. Chest 2023; 164:1232-1242. [PMID: 37187434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OSA and nocturnal hypoxemia (NH) are common in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease (F-ILD), but their relationship with disease outcomes remains unclear. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the relationship between NH and OSA and clinical outcomes in patients with F-ILD? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study of patients with F-ILD and without daytime hypoxemia. Patients underwent home sleep study at baseline and were followed up for at least 1 year or until death. NH was defined as ≥ 10% of sleep with oxygen saturation of < 90%. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index of ≥ 15 events/h. RESULTS Among 102 participants (male, 74.5%; age, 73.0 ± 8.7 years; FVC, 2.74 ± 0.78 L; 91.1% idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), 20 patients (19.6%) demonstrated prolonged NH and 32 patients (31.4%) showed OSA. No significant differences were found between those with and without NH or OSA at baseline. Despite this, NH was associated with a more rapid decline in both quality of life as measured by the King's Brief Interstitial Lung Disease questionnaire (change, -11.3 ± 5.3 points in the NH group vs -6.7 ± 6.5 in those without NH; P = .005) and higher all-cause mortality at 1 year (hazard ratio, 8.21; 95% CI, 2.40-28.1; P < .001). No statistically significant difference was seen between the groups in annualized change in measures of pulmonary function testing. INTERPRETATION Prolonged NH, but not OSA, is associated with worsening disease-related quality of life and increased mortality in patients with F-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex G West
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | | | - Jodie L Lam
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Diana Roque
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Zhe Wu
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | - Toby M Maher
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, England
| | | | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England
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4
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D'Cruz RF, Kaltsakas G, Suh ES, Hart N. Quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory failure on home mechanical ventilation. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/168/220237. [PMID: 37137507 PMCID: PMC10155047 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0237-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is a treatment for chronic respiratory failure that has shown clinical and cost effectiveness in patients with underlying COPD, obesity-related respiratory failure and neuromuscular disease (NMD). By treating chronic respiratory failure with adequate adherence to HMV, improvement in patient-reported outcomes including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) have been evaluated using general and disease-specific quantitative, semi-qualitative and qualitative methods. However, the treatment response in terms of trajectory of change in HRQoL is not uniform across the restrictive and obstructive disease groups. In this review, the effect of HMV on HRQoL across the domains of symptom perception, physical wellbeing, mental wellbeing, anxiety, depression, self-efficacy and sleep quality in stable and post-acute COPD, rapidly progressive NMD (such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), inherited NMD (including Duchenne muscular dystrophy) and obesity-related respiratory failure will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F D'Cruz
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Kaltsakas
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Life Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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5
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Kisel J, Ballard E, Suh ES, Hart N, Kapetanakis S, Srivastava S, Marino P, Murphy P, Steier J. Cardioprotective medication in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a single-centre cohort study. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:812-819. [PMID: 36910051 PMCID: PMC9992617 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder characterised by progressive muscle wasting impacting mobility, ventilation and cardiac function. Associated neuromuscular cardiomyopathy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effects of cardioprotective medications [angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), beta-blockers] on clinical outcomes in DMD patients. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study (reference: 2021/12469) of DMD patients at a tertiary centre between 1993-2021 screening the electronic records for demographics, comorbidities, medication, disease specific features, echocardiography, hospitalisations, and ventilator use. Results A total of 68 patients were identified aged 27.4 (6.6) years, of which 52 were still alive. There was a difference in body mass index (BMI) between survivors and deceased patients [23.8 (5.9) vs. 19.9 (3.8) kg/m2, P=0.03]. Home mechanical ventilation (HMV) was required in 90% of patients, 85% had DMD associated cardiomyopathy. About 2/3 of all hospitalisations during the observation period were secondary to cardiopulmonary causes. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at initial presentation was 44.8% (10.6%) and declined by 3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.4% to -7.0%] over the follow up period (P=0.002). A total of 61 patients were established on ACE-I for 75.9% (35.1%), and 62 were on beta-blockers for 73.6% (33.5%) of the follow up period. There was a significant LVEF decline in those taking ACE-I for limited periods compared to those permanently on ACE-I (P=0.002); a similar effect was recorded with beta-blockers (P=0.02). Conclusions Long-term use of ACE-I and beta-blockers is associated with a reduced decline in LVEF in patients with DMD and may be protective of adverse cardiovascular ill health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneta Kisel
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emily Ballard
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Philip Marino
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick Murphy
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joerg Steier
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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6
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D’Cruz R, Shah N, Learoyd A, Elias O, Mackie M, Weston N, Hart N, Kaltsakas G, Marino P, Pattani H, Ramsay M, Srivastava S, Steier J, Suh ES, Murphy P. Mortality in home mechanical ventilation users during the COVID-19 pandemic. Epidemiology 2021. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2021.pa919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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7
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Suh ES, D'Cruz RF, Ramsay M, Steier J, Jolley CJ, Reilly CC, Hart N, Moxham J, Murphy PB, Rafferty GF. Second intercostal space electromyography as a measure of neural respiratory drive: Clinical utility and validity. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 290:103683. [PMID: 33971312 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rebecca F D'Cruz
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michelle Ramsay
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joerg Steier
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Caroline J Jolley
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charles C Reilly
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - John Moxham
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gerrard F Rafferty
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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8
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D'Cruz RF, Suh ES, Kaltsakas G, Dewar A, Shah NM, Priori R, Douiri A, Rose L, Hart N, Murphy PB. Home parasternal electromyography tracks patient-reported and physiological measures of recovery from severe COPD exacerbation. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00709-2020. [PMID: 33937390 PMCID: PMC8071974 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00709-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exacerbations of COPD remain a leading cause of emergency hospitalisations worldwide, and up to 28% of patients are readmitted within 30 days of discharge [1]. Recent analyses of more than 2.3 million COPD hospitalisations highlight the dynamic and time-dependent nature of readmission risk, which peaks within the first 72 h of discharge [2, 3]. Effective readmission prevention strategies remain elusive and recognition of re-exacerbations beyond daily symptom variability is challenging for both patients and clinicians. Promotion of transitional care services and 30-day readmission penalties implemented by policymakers worldwide have had limited impact [4]. Telemonitoring strategies incorporating symptom and vital observation monitoring (peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), heart rate, respiratory frequency) have consistently failed to demonstrate beneficial effects on hospitalisation risk [5]. Objective physiological monitoring has been explored using the forced oscillation technique. However, this also failed to prolong time to first hospitalisation [6]. Physiological phenotyping using daily home-based assessments reveals early improvement in load–capacity–drive imbalance following #AECOPD and feasibility of home parasternal electromyography measurement, which tracks symptoms, health status and spirometryhttps://bit.ly/3o6I0Ty
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Francesca D'Cruz
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgios Kaltsakas
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amy Dewar
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neeraj Mukesh Shah
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rita Priori
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Rose
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Brian Murphy
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Masoud O, Ramsay M, Suh ES, Kaltsakas G, Srivastava S, Pattani H, Marino P, Murphy PB, Hart N, Steier J. Long-term adherence to home mechanical ventilation: a 10-year retrospective, single-centre cohort study. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:S120-S128. [PMID: 33214917 PMCID: PMC7642640 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-cus-2020-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Sleep-disordered breathing (SBD) can be associated with hypercapnic respiratory failure (HRF). Home Mechanical Ventilation (HMV) is the preferred long-term treatment for patients with chronic HRF. We reviewed the database of a large tertiary referral centre for HMV to study the long-term adherence to HMV in chronic hypercapnic patients. Methods Data on adherence and characteristics of patients who received HMV for the treatment of SDB were collected over a decade using electronic patient records. The primary outcome parameter in this study was annual non-adherence rate (patients with HMV usage of <4 hours/night in the service divided by the number of all new patients of the same year), secondary outcomes were patients’ characteristics and reasons for low adherence. HMV adherence clinics were established to improve uptake. Results Two thousand and two hundred twenty-eight patients with HRF were under active follow-up on HMV at the end of the recording period. In contrast, a total of 1,900 patients had their HMV contracts terminated over the course of a decade (due to non-adherence, transfer to other services or death). Out of those, 222 patients {62 [52–72] years, body-mass index, BMI 40 [35–43] kg/m2, 58.1% male, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS 9 [4–15] points, 4% oxygen desaturation index, 4%ODI 32 [20–71] × hour−1, TcCO2 6.6 [6.0–7.2] kPa} met the non-adherence criteria (nocturnal usage 0–4 hours). The annual non-adherence rate was 25.5% of all new setups in 2010, and declined to 3.4% in 2019 (relative reduction of 86%, P<0.001). Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (58.2%), Neuromuscular Diseases (NMD) (26.8%) and COPD (13.6%) accounted for most cases of this non-adherent cohort. The vast majority of the patients (96.1%) were established on full-face masks. In 23.4% of patients, substantial weight loss (>10%) was the most common reason for low adherence; general displeasure (21.3%), uncontrolled symptoms (12.8%), claustrophobia (6.7%), mood (4.8%) and mask intolerance (4.3%) caused problems as well. Conclusions Non-adherence to HMV in patients with chronic HRF can affect significant proportions of patients. However, the non-adherent rate substantially decreases when individual treatment solutions are offered in multi-disciplinary clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Masoud
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michelle Ramsay
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Georgios Kaltsakas
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Hina Pattani
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Philip Marino
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Joerg Steier
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Lane Fox Unit, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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10
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Abstract
Over recent decades, the use of home mechanical ventilation (HMV) has steadily increased worldwide, with varying prevalence in different countries. The key indication for HMV is chronic respiratory failure with alveolar hypoventilation (e.g., neuromuscular and chest wall disease, obstructive airway diseases, and obesity-related respiratory failure). Most modern home ventilators are pressure-targeted and have sophisticated modes, alarms, and graphics, thereby facilitating optimization of the ventilator settings. However, different ventilators have different algorithms for tidal volume estimation and leak compensation, and there are also several different circuit configurations. Hence, a basic understanding of the fundamentals of HMV is of paramount importance to healthcare workers taking care of patients with HMV. When choosing a home ventilator, they should take into account many factors, including the current condition and prognosis of the primary disease, the patient’s daily performance status, time (hr/day) needed for ventilator support, family support, and financial costs. In this review, to help readers understand the basic concepts of HMV use, we describe the indications for HMV and the factors that influence successful delivery, including interface, circuits, ventilator accessories, and the ventilator itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Park
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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Le Grice K, Shah NM, Bunce C, Suh ES. The generalizability of randomized controlled trials investigating non-invasive ventilation in patients with COPD. Respirology 2020; 25:1031-1032. [PMID: 32436326 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Le Grice
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Neeraj M Shah
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catey Bunce
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Suh ES, Pompilio P, Mandal S, Hill P, Kaltsakas G, Murphy PB, Romano R, Moxham J, Dellaca R, Hart N. Autotitrating external positive end-expiratory airway pressure to abolish expiratory flow limitation during tidal breathing in patients with severe COPD: a physiological study. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.02234-2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02234-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe optimal noninvasive application of external positive end-expiratory pressure (EPAP) to abolish tidal-breathing expiratory flow limitation (EFLT) and minimise intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) is challenging in COPD patients. We investigated whether auto-titrating EPAP, using the forced oscillation technique (FOT) to detect and abolish EFLT, would minimise PEEPi, work of breathing and neural respiratory drive (NRD) in patients with severe COPD.MethodsPatients with COPD with chronic respiratory failure underwent auto-titration of EPAP using a FOT-based algorithm that detected EFLT. Once optimal EPAP was identified, manual titration was performed to assess NRD (using diaphragm and parasternal intercostal muscle electromyography, EMGdi and EMGpara, respectively), transdiaphragmatic inspiratory pressure swings (ΔPdi), transdiaphragmatic pressure–time product (PTPdi) and PEEPi, between EPAP levels 2 cmH2O below to 3 cmH2O above optimal EPAP.ResultsOf 10 patients enrolled (age 65±6 years; male 60%; body mass index 27.6±7.2 kg.m−2; forced expiratory volume in 1 s 28.4±8.3% predicted), eight had EFLT, and optimal EPAP was 9 (range 4–13) cmH2O. NRD was reduced from baseline EPAP at 1 cmH2O below optimal EPAP on EMGdi and at optimal EPAP on EMGpara. In addition, at optimal EPAP, PEEPi (0.80±1.27 cmH2O versus 1.95± 1.70 cmH2O; p<0.05) was reduced compared with baseline. PTPdi (10.3±7.8 cmH2O·s−1versus 16.8±8.8 cmH2O·s−1; p<0.05) and ΔPdi (12.4±7.8 cmH2O versus 18.2±5.1 cmH2O; p<0.05) were reduced at optimal EPAP+1 cmH2O compared with baseline.ConclusionAutotitration of EPAP, using a FOT-based algorithm to abolish EFLT, minimises transdiaphragmatic pressure swings and NRD in patients with COPD and chronic respiratory failure.
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Mandal S, Ramsay M, Suh ES, Harding R, Thompson A, Douiri A, Moxham J, Murphy PB, Hart N. External heated humidification during non-invasive ventilation set up: results from a pilot cross-over clinical trial. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01126-2019. [PMID: 32366486 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01126-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Mandal
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK.,King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michelle Ramsay
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK.,King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK.,King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachel Harding
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK.,King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - April Thompson
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK.,King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Moxham
- King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK
| | - Patrick Brian Murphy
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK.,King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's Health Partners, London, UK .,King's College London, School of Life Sciences, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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14
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Suh ES, Sage B. COPD exacerbations: 2 much NEWS? Thorax 2019; 74:929-930. [PMID: 31506390 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and Saint Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK .,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Beth Sage
- Raigmore Hospital, NHS Highland, Inverness, UK.,Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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15
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Murphy PB, Suh ES, Hart N. Non-invasive ventilation for obese patients with chronic respiratory failure: Are two pressures always better than one? Respirology 2019; 24:952-961. [PMID: 31121638 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related respiratory failure is increasingly common but remains under-diagnosed and under-treated. There are several clinical phenotypes reported, including severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), isolated nocturnal hypoventilation with or without severe OSA and OSA complicating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The presence of hypercapnic respiratory failure is associated with poor clinical outcomes in each of these groups. While weight loss is a core aim of management, this is often unachievable, and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the mainstay of clinical practice. Although there are few long-term clinical efficacy trials, the lack of equipoise would prevent the utilization of an untreated control group. The current data support the use of PAP therapy to improve respiratory failure and is associated with improvements in health-related quality of life, reduced healthcare utilization and reduced mortality. Both continuous PAP (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) appear safe and effective in patients with obesity-related respiratory failure and OSA, with or without COPD, and the current evidence would not support a single therapy choice in all patients. There are no studies of CPAP in patients with isolated nocturnal hypoventilation, and NIV would be the current recommendation in this patient group. Whichever starting therapy is used, titration should be performed to correct sleep-disordered breathing and reverse chronic respiratory failure, with consideration of step-down of the treatment based on a clinical re-evaluation. In contrast, failure to reach physiological and clinical treatment targets should lead to the consideration of treatment escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Patout M, Meira L, D'Cruz R, Lhuillier E, Kaltsakas G, Arbane G, Suh ES, Hart N, Murphy PB. Neural respiratory drive predicts long-term outcome following admission for exacerbation of COPD: a post hoc analysis. Thorax 2019; 74:910-913. [PMID: 31028235 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-212074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Neural respiratory drive (NRD), as reflected by change in parasternal muscle electromyogram (EMGpara), predicts clinical deterioration and safe discharge in patients admitted to hospital with an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). The clinical utility of NRD to predict the long-term outcome of patients following hospital admission with an AECOPD is unknown. We undertook a post hoc analysis of a previously published prospective observational cohort study measuring NRD in 120 patients with AECOPD. Sixty-nine (57.5%) patients died during follow-up (median 3.6 years). Respiratory failure was the most common cause of death (n=29; 42%). In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with an increased mortality included NRD (HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.54, p=0.003), age (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.34, p=0.006), PaCO2 at admission (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.06, p=0.022) and long-term oxygen use (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.03, p=0.002). NRD at hospital discharge could be measured in order to assess efficacy of interventions targeted to optimise COPD and reduce mortality following an AECOPD. Original clinicaltrial.gov number: NCT01361451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Patout
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK .,Service de Pneumologie, Oncologie thoracique et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Normandie Univ, UNIRouen, EA3830-GRHV, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Leonor Meira
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rebecca D'Cruz
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College, London, UK
| | - Elodie Lhuillier
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK.,Service de Pneumologie, Oncologie thoracique et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Normandie Univ, UNIRouen, EA3830-GRHV, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB) and Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Georgios Kaltsakas
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK
| | - Gill Arbane
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK.,Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK.,Centre for Human, Aerospace and Physiological Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK.,Centre for Human, Aerospace and Physiological Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | - Patrick Brian Murphy
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Science, School of Basic and Biomedical Science, King's College, London, UK.,Centre for Human, Aerospace and Physiological Sciences, King's College, London, UK
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Suh ES, Murphy PB, Hart N. Home mechanical ventilation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: What next after the HOT-HMV trial? Respirology 2019; 24:732-739. [PMID: 30729638 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of acute non-invasive ventilation to treat acidotic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well-established. Until recently, the evidence for home mechanical ventilation (HMV) to treat patients with stable COPD had been lacking. This has subsequently been addressed by the application of higher levels of pressure support combined with targeted management of chronic respiratory failure, which demonstrated a reduction in all-cause mortality. Similarly, the previous trial of home oxygen therapy (HOT) and HMV delivered following an acute exacerbation failed to demonstrate an improvement in outcome. With the focus on patients with persistent hypercapnic respiratory failure in the recovery phase following a life-threatening exacerbation combined with targeted reduction in carbon dioxide, HOT and HMV (HOT-HMV) was shown to be clinically effective in reducing the time to readmission or death and cost effective in both the United Kingdom and United States healthcare systems. Future work will need to focus on promoting adherence to home ventilation and novel auto-titrating ventilator modes to facilitate and optimize the set-up of overnight ventilatory support in different target population such as COPD patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and COPD patients with episodic nocturnal hypoventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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18
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Mandal S, Suh ES, Harding R, Vaughan-France A, Ramsay M, Connolly B, Bear DE, MacLaughlin H, Greenwood SA, Polkey MI, Elliott M, Chen T, Douiri A, Moxham J, Murphy PB, Hart N. Nutrition and Exercise Rehabilitation in Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (NERO): a pilot randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2017; 73:62-69. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundRespiratory management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) focusses on the control of sleep-disordered breathing rather than the treatment of obesity. Currently, there are no data from randomised trials of weight loss targeted rehabilitation programmes for patients with OHS.InterventionA 3-month multimodal hybrid inpatient–outpatient motivation, exercise and nutrition rehabilitation programme, in addition to non invasive ventilation (NIV), would result in greater per cent weight loss compared with standard care.MethodsA single-centre pilot randomised controlled trial allocated patients to either standard care or standard care plus rehabilitation. Primary outcome was per cent weight loss at 12 months with secondary exploratory outcomes of weight loss, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at the end of the rehabilitation programme to assess the intervention effect.ResultsThirty-seven patients (11 male, 59.8±12.7 years) with a body mass index of 51.1±7.7 kg/m2 were randomised. At 12 months, there was no between-group difference in per cent weight loss (mean difference −5.9% (95% CI −14.4% to 2.7%; p=0.17)). At 3 months, there was a greater per cent weight loss (mean difference −5% (95% CI −8.3% to −1.4%; p=0.007)), increased exercise capacity (6 min walk test 60 m (95% CI 29.5 to 214.5) vs 20 m (95% CI 11.5 to 81.3); p=0.036) and HRQL (mean difference SF-36 general health score (10 (95% CI 5 to 21.3) vs 0 (95% CI −5 to 10); p=0.02)) in the rehabilitation group.ConclusionIn patients with OHS, a 3-month comprehensive rehabilitation programme, in addition to NIV, resulted in improved weight loss, exercise capacity and QOL at the end of the rehabilitation period, but these effects were not demonstrated at 12 months, in part, due to the limited retention of patients at 12 months.Trial registration numberPre-results; NCT01483716.
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Granger CL, Wijayarathna R, Suh ES, Arbane G, Denehy L, Murphy P, Hart N. Uptake of telehealth implementation for COPD patients in a high-poverty, inner-city environment: A survey. Chron Respir Dis 2017; 15:81-84. [PMID: 28513197 PMCID: PMC5802654 DOI: 10.1177/1479972317707653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate computer and internet access and education attained in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as potential barriers to implementation of telemedicine. We prospectively assessed 98 patients admitted with an acute exacerbation of COPD (mean age: 70.5 ± 9.3 years; force expired volume in the first second: 0.75 ± 0.39 L; 59% male) recording educational level attained and home computer and internet access. Hospital readmission surveillance occurred up to 2.7 (2.6-2.8) years following the index hospital admission. Only 16% of patients had a computer and only 14% had internet access; this group were younger and more educated than those without a computer. There was no difference in hospital readmissions over 2 years between those with and without access to a computer or internet. Only 12% of the whole cohort were educated to a school leaving age of 16 years and this group were more likely to be still working. School leaving age was directly associated with fewer hospital readmissions ( r = 0.251, p = 0.031). In conclusion, these data highlight the current challenges to the widespread implementation of telehealth in COPD patients as there is limited availability of computer and internet access with such patients demonstrating a lower level of education achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Granger
- 1 Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,2 Department of Physiotherapy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,3 Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachel Wijayarathna
- 3 Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- 3 Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,4 Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gill Arbane
- 3 Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Linda Denehy
- 1 Department of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick Murphy
- 3 Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,4 Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- 3 Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,4 Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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Lee R, Suh ES. Interviews with respiratory physicians. Assoc Med J 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sbmj.h5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lee R, Suh ES. A career in respiratory medicine. Assoc Med J 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sbmj.h5945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Suh ES, Mandal S, Ramsay MC, Rafferty G, Moxham J, Hart N. S47 Neural respiratory drive responses to increases in continuous positive airway pressure in healthy subjects: Abstract S47 Table 1. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mandal S, Suh ES, Harding R, Vaughan-France A, Ramsay M, Connolly B, Bear D, McLaughlin H, Greenwood S, Polkey M, Elliott M, Douiri A, Moxham J, Hart N. S30 Nutrition and Exercise Rehabilitation in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (NERO): A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. Thorax 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207770.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ramsay M, Mandal S, Suh ES, Steier J, Douiri A, Murphy PB, Polkey M, Simonds A, Hart N. Parasternal electromyography to determine the relationship between patient-ventilator asynchrony and nocturnal gas exchange during home mechanical ventilation set-up. Thorax 2015. [PMID: 26197816 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-206944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA) can adversely affect the successful initiation of non-invasive home mechanical ventilation (HMV). The aim of this observational study was to quantify the prevalence of PVA during initiation of HMV and to determine the relationship between PVA and nocturnal gas exchange. METHOD Type and frequency of PVA were measured by surface parasternal intercostal muscle electromyography, thoracoabdominal plethysmography and mask pressure during initiation of HMV. Severe PVA was defined, as previously, as asynchrony affecting ≥10% of breaths. RESULTS 28 patients (18 male) were enrolled aged 61±15 years and with a body mass index of 35±9 kg/m(2). Underlying diagnoses were neuromuscular disease with or without chest wall disease (n=6), obesity related chronic respiratory failure (n=12) and COPD (n=10). PVA was observed in all patients with 79% of patients demonstrating severe PVA. Triggering asynchrony was most frequent, observed in 24% (IQR: 11-36%) of breaths, with ineffective efforts accounting for 16% (IQR: 4-24%). PVA types were similar between disease groups, with the exception of auto-triggering, which was higher in patients with COPD (12% (IQR: 6-26%)). There was no correlation observed between PVA and time spent with oxygen saturations ≤90%, mean oxygen saturations or transcutaneous carbon dioxide levels during overnight ventilation. CONCLUSIONS Severe PVA was identified in the majority of patients, irrespective of pathophysiological disease state. This was not associated with ineffective ventilation as evidenced by gas exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ramsay
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's, St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Swapna Mandal
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's, St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's, St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joerg Steier
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's, St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- Department of Public Health Sciences, King's College London, London, UK Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, National Institute Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | | | - Michael Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Anita Simonds
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's, St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, National Institute Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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Suh ES, Mandal S, Harding R, Ramsay M, Kamalanathan M, Henderson K, O'Kane K, Douiri A, Hopkinson NS, Polkey MI, Rafferty G, Murphy PB, Moxham J, Hart N. Neural respiratory drive predicts clinical deterioration and safe discharge in exacerbations of COPD. Thorax 2015. [PMID: 26194996 PMCID: PMC4680187 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Rationale Hospitalised patients with acute exacerbation of COPD may deteriorate despite treatment, with early readmission being common. Objectives To investigate whether neural respiratory drive, measured using second intercostal space parasternal muscle electromyography (EMGpara), would identify worsening dyspnoea and physician-defined inpatient clinical deterioration, and predict early readmission. Methods Patients admitted to a single-site university hospital with exacerbation of COPD were enrolled. Spirometry, inspiratory capacity (IC), EMGpara, routine physiological parameters, modified early warning score (MEWS), modified Borg scale for dyspnoea and physician-defined episodes of deterioration were recorded daily until discharge. Readmissions at 14 and 28 days post discharge were recorded. Measurements and main results 120 patients were recruited (age 70±9 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 30.5±11.2%). Worsening dyspnoea, defined as at least one-point increase in Borg scale, was associated with increases in EMGpara%max and MEWS, whereas an increase in EMGpara%max alone was associated with physician-defined inpatient clinical deterioration. Admission-to-discharge change (Δ) in the normalised value of EMGpara (ΔEMGpara%max) was inversely correlated with ΔFEV1 (r=−0.38, p<0.001) and ΔIC (r=−0.44, p<0.001). ΔEMGpara%max predicted 14-day readmission (OR 1.13, 95% 1.03 to 1.23) in the whole cohort and 28-day readmission in patients under 85 years (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.18). Age (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.14) and 12-month admission frequency (OR 1.29, 1.01 to 1.66), also predicted 28-day readmission in the whole cohort. Conclusions Measurement of neural respiratory drive by EMGpara represents a novel physiological biomarker that may be helpful in detecting inpatient clinical deterioration and identifying the risk of early readmission among patients with exacerbations of COPD. Trial registration NCT01361451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Sik Suh
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Swapna Mandal
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel Harding
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michelle Ramsay
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Meera Kamalanathan
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin O'Kane
- Department of Acute Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- Division of Health and Social Care Research, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Michael I Polkey
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gerrard Rafferty
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick B Murphy
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Moxham
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, King's College London, London, UK
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Murphy PB, Arbane G, Ramsay M, Suh ES, Mandal S, Jayaram D, Leaver S, Polkey MI, Hart N. Safety and efficacy of auto-titrating noninvasive ventilation in COPD and obstructive sleep apnoea overlap syndrome. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:548-51. [DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00205714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mandal S, Suh ES, Boleat E, Asher W, Kamalanathan M, Lee K, Douiri A, Murphy PB, Steier J, Hart N. A cohort study to identify simple clinical tests for chronic respiratory failure in obese patients with sleep-disordered breathing. BMJ Open Respir Res 2014; 1:e000022. [PMID: 25478174 PMCID: PMC4212713 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2014-000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory failure complicating sleep-disordered breathing in obese patients has important adverse clinical implications in terms of morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilisation. Screening strategies are essential to identify obese patients with chronic respiratory failure. METHOD Prospective data were collected from patients with obesity-related sleep-disordered breathing admitted for respiratory assessment at a UK national sleep and ventilation centre. Hypercapnia was defined as an arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide of >6kPa. RESULTS 245 obese patients (56±13 years) with a body mass index of 48±12 kg/m(2), forced vital capacity (FVC) of 2.1±1.1 L, daytime oximetry (SpO2) of 91±6% and abnormal overnight oximetry were included in the analysis. Receiver operator curve analysis for the whole group showed that an FVC ≤3 L had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 41% in predicting hypercapnia, and an SpO2 ≤95% had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 63% in predicting hypercapnia. Gender differences were observed and receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated 'cut-offs' for (1) SpO2 of ≤95% for men and ≤93% for women and (2) FVC of ≤3.5 L for men and ≤2.3 L for women, in predicting hypercapnia. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of FVC and clinic SpO2 in obese patients with abnormal overnight limited respiratory studies predicted hypercapnia. This may have clinical utility in stratifying patients attending sleep clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mandal
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK ; Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology , King's College London , London , UK
| | - E S Suh
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK ; Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology , King's College London , London , UK
| | - E Boleat
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - W Asher
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - M Kamalanathan
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - K Lee
- Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology , King's College London , London , UK ; Lane Fox Respiratory Unit , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - A Douiri
- Division of Health and Social Care Research , King's College London , London , UK ; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, National Institute Health Research Biomedical Research Centre , London , UK
| | - P B Murphy
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK ; Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology , King's College London , London , UK
| | - J Steier
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK ; Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology , King's College London , London , UK ; Lane Fox Respiratory Unit , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | - N Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK ; Division of Asthma Allergy and Lung Biology , King's College London , London , UK ; Lane Fox Respiratory Unit , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK ; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, National Institute Health Research Biomedical Research Centre , London , UK
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Hopkinson N, Wallis C, Higgins B, Gaduzo S, Sherrington R, Keilty S, Stern M, Britton J, Bush A, Moxham J, Sylvester K, Griffiths V, Sutherland T, Crossingham I, Raju R, Spencer C, Safavi S, Deegan P, Seymour J, Hickman K, Hughes J, Wieboldt J, Shaheen F, Peedell C, Mackenzie N, Nicholl D, Jolley C, Crooks G, Crooks G, Dow C, Deveson P, Bintcliffe O, Gray B, Kumar S, Haney S, Docherty M, Thomas A, Chua F, Dwarakanath A, Summers G, Prowse K, Lytton S, Ong YE, Graves J, Banerjee T, English P, Leonard A, Brunet M, Chaudhry N, Ketchell RI, Cummings N, Lebus J, Sharp C, Meadows C, Harle A, Stewart T, Parry D, Templeton-Wright S, Moore-Gillon J, Stratford- Martin J, Saini S, Matusiewicz S, Merritt S, Dowson L, Satkunam K, Hodgson L, Suh ES, Durrington H, Browne E, Walters N, Steier J, Barry S, Griffiths M, Hart N, Nikolic M, Berry M, Thomas A, Miller J, McNicholl D, Marsden P, Warwick G, Barr L, Adeboyeku D, Mohd Noh MS, Griffiths P, Davies L, Quint J, Lyall R, Shribman J, Collins A, Goldman J, Bloch S, Gill A, Man W, Christopher A, Yasso R, Rajhan A, Shrikrishna D, Moore C, Absalom G, Booton R, Fowler RW, Mackinlay C, Sapey E, Lock S, Walker P, Jha A, Satia I, Bradley B, Mustfa N, Haqqee R, Thomas M, Patel A, Redington A, Pillai A, Keaney N, Fowler S, Lowe L, Brennan A, Morrison D, Murray C, Hankinson J, Dutta P, Maddocks M, Pengo M, Curtis K, Rafferty G, Hutchinson J, Whitfield R, Turner S, Breen R, Naveed SUN, Goode C, Esterbrook G, Ahmed L, Walker W, Ford D, Connett G, Davidson P, Elston W, Stanton A, Morgan D, Myerson J, Maxwell D, Harrris A, Parmar S, Houghton C, Winter R, Puthucheary Z, Thomson F, Sturney S, Harvey J, Haslam PL, Patel I, Jennings D, Range S, Mallia-Milanes B, Collett A, Tate P, Russell R, Feary J, O'Driscoll R, Eaden J, Round J, Sharkey E, Montgomery M, Vaughan S, Scheele K, Lithgow A, Partridge S, Chavasse R, Restrick L, Agrawal S, Abdallah S, Lacy-Colson A, Adams N, Mitchell S, Haja Mydin H, Ward A, Denniston S, Steel M, Ghosh D, Connellan S, Rigge L, Williams R, Grove A, Anwar S, Dobson L, Hosker H, Stableforth D, Greening N, Howell T, Casswell G, Davies S, Tunnicliffe G, Mitchelmore P, Phitidis E, Robinson L, Prowse K, Bafadhel M, Robinson G, Boland A, Lipman M, Bourke S, Kaul S, Cowie C, Forrest I, Starren E, Burke H, Furness J, Bhowmik A, Everett C, Seaton D, Holmes S, Doe S, Parker S, Graham A, Paterson I, Maqsood U, Ohri C, Iles P, Kemp S, Iftikhar A, Carlin C, Fletcher T, Emerson P, Beasley V, Ramsay M, Buttery R, Mungall S, Crooks S, Ridyard J, Ross D, Guadagno A, Holden E, Coutts I, Cullen K, O'Connor S, Barker J, Sloper K, Watson J, Smith P, Anderson P, Brown L, Nyman C, Milburn H, Clive A, Serlin M, Bolton C, Fuld J, Powell H, Dayer M, Woolhouse I, Georgiadi A, Leonard H, Dodd J, Campbell I, Ruiz G, Zurek A, Paton JY, Malin A, Wood F, Hynes G, Connell D, Spencer D, Brown S, Smith D, Cooper D, O'Kane C, Hicks A, Creagh-Brown B, Lordan J, Nickol A, Primhak R, Fleming L, Powrie D, Brown J, Zoumot Z, Elkin S, Szram J, Scaffardi A, Marshall R, Macdonald I, Lightbody D, Farmer R, Wheatley I, Radnan P, Lane I, Booth A, Tilbrook S, Capstick T, Hewitt L, McHugh M, Nelson C, Wilson P, Padmanaban V, White J, Davison J, O'Callaghan U, Hodson M, Edwards J, Campbell C, Ward S, Wooler E, Ringrose E, Bridges D, Long A, Parkes M, Clarke S, Allen B, Connelly C, Forster G, Hoadley J, Martin K, Barnham K, Khan K, Munday M, Edwards C, O'Hara D, Turner S, Pieri-Davies S, Ford K, Daniels T, Wright J, Towns R, Fern K, Butcher J, Burgin K, Winter B, Freeman D, Olive S, Gray L, Pye K, Roots D, Cox N, Davies CA, Wicker J, Hilton K, Lloyd J, MacBean V, Wood M, Kowal J, Downs J, Ryan H, Guyatt F, Nicoll D, Lyons E, Narasimhan D, Rodman A, Walmsley S, Newey A, Buxton M, Dewar M, Cooper A, Reilly J, Lloyd J, Macmillan AB, Roots D, Olley A, Voase N, Martin S, McCarvill I, Christensen A, Agate R, Heslop K, Timlett A, Hailes K, Davey C, Pawulska B, Lane A, Ioakim S, Hough A, Treharne J, Jones H, Winter-Burke A, Miller L, Connolly B, Bingham L, Fraser U, Bott J, Johnston C, Graham A, Curry D, Sumner H, Costello CA, Bartoszewicz C, Badman R, Williamson K, Taylor A, Purcell H, Barnett E, Molloy A, Crawfurd L, Collins N, Monaghan V, Mir M, Lord V, Stocks J, Edwards A, Greenhalgh T, Lenney W, McKee M, McAuley D, Majeed A, Cookson J, Baker E, Janes S, Wedzicha W, Lomas Dean D, Harrison B, Davison T, Calverley P, Wilson R, Stockley R, Ayres J, Gibson J, Simpson J, Burge S, Warner J, Lenney W, Thomson N, Davies P, Woodcock A, Woodhead M, Spiro S, Ormerod L, Bothamley G, Partridge M, Shields M, Montgomery H, Simonds A, Barnes P, Durham S, Malone S, Arabnia G, Olivier S, Gardiner K, Edwards S. Children must be protected from the tobacco industry's marketing tactics. BMJ 2013; 347:f7358. [PMID: 24324220 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Hopkinson
- British Thoracic Society Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Specialist Advisory Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London SW3 6NP, UK
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Suh ES, Mandal S, Ramsay MC, Harding R, Thompson A, Moxham J, Hart N. P36 An Advanced Physiological Monitoring Tool To Detect Treatment Failure In Hospitalised Patients With Acute Exacerbation Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD). Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Owen DR, Sivakumar R, Suh ES, Seevaratnam M. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency resulting in a hitherto unseen presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Polycythemia but with normal alpha fetoprotein. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:4906-7. [PMID: 16937479 PMCID: PMC4087631 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i30.4906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycythemia is a known paraneopastic manifestation of hepatoma, but only in the presence of alpha-fetopro (AFP). We present a case of polycythemia in the absence of AFP, and suggest concurrent alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency as the cause for breaking this rule. We also suggest a reason for the apparent constant conjunction between polycythemia and AFP in hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ryan Owen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Area Q111, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Howlands, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, AL7 4HQ, United Kingdom.
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Lyon CE, Suh ES, Dobson CM, Hore PJ. Probing the exposure of tyrosine and tryptophan residues in partially folded proteins and folding intermediates by CIDNP pulse-labeling. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:13018-24. [PMID: 12405828 DOI: 10.1021/ja020141w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique has been devised to probe the structures of disordered, partially folded states of proteins at the level of individual amino acid residues. Chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) is first generated in exposed aromatic side-chains of the denatured state and then transferred to the high-resolution NMR spectrum of the native state by stimulating rapid refolding of the protein. Crucial improvements in sensitivity were achieved by carrying out the polarization-producing photochemistry in a deoxygenated sample of the disordered state of the protein in a magnetic field of 4.0 T and recording the (1)H NMR spectrum of the refolded native state at 9.4 T (400 MHz). Application of this method to the low pH molten-globule state of alpha-lactalbumin reveals remarkably nativelike environments for the aromatic residues in the primary hydrophobic core of the protein. This result provides compelling evidence that the detailed fold of a protein can be established prior to the formation of the cooperative close-packed native structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Lyon
- Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences and the Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, United Kingdom
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Shin TY, Kim SH, Lim JP, Suh ES, Jeong HJ, Kim BD, Park EJ, Hwang WJ, Rye DG, Baek SH, An NH, Kim HM. Effect of Vitex rotundifolia on immediate-type allergic reaction. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 72:443-450. [PMID: 10996284 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Vitex rotundifolia (L.) (Verbenaceae) fruits (VRFE) on the immediate-type allergic reactions in vivo and in vitro. VRFE (10(-4)-1.0 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic allergic reaction induced by compound 48/80. When VRFE was employed in a systemic allergic reaction test, the plasma histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. VRFE (5x10(-1) and 1.0 g/kg) inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. VRFE (10(-3)-1.0 mg/ml) also dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, VRFE (10(-3) mg/ml) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from RPMC. These results suggest that VRFE may be beneficial in the regulation of immediate-type allergic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju, 565-701, Chonbuk, South Korea
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