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Ng YC, Chung WC, Kang HR, Cho HJ, Park EB, Kang SJ, Song MJ. A DNA-sensing-independent role of a nuclear RNA helicase, DHX9, in stimulation of NF-κB-mediated innate immunity against DNA virus infection. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:9011-9026. [PMID: 30137501 PMCID: PMC6158622 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
DExD/H-box helicase 9 (DHX9), or RNA helicase A (RHA), is an abundant multifunctional nuclear protein. Although it was previously reported to act as a cytosolic DNA sensor in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the role and molecular mechanisms of action of DHX9 in cells that are not pDCs during DNA virus infection are not clear. Here, a macrophage-specific knockout and a fibroblast-specific knockdown of DHX9 impaired antiviral innate immunity against DNA viruses, leading to increased virus replication. DHX9 enhanced NF-κB–mediated transactivation in the nucleus, which required its ATPase-dependent helicase (ATPase/helicase) domain, but not the cytosolic DNA-sensing domain. In addition, DNA virus infection did not induce cytoplasmic translocation of nuclear DHX9 in macrophages and fibroblasts. Nuclear DHX9 was associated with a multiprotein complex including both NF-κB p65 and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) in chromatin containing NF-κB–binding sites. DHX9 was essential for the recruitment of RNAPII rather than NF-κB p65, to the corresponding promoters; this function also required its ATPase/helicase activity. Taken together, our results show a critical role of nuclear DHX9 (as a transcription coactivator) in the stimulation of NF-κB–mediated innate immunity against DNA virus infection, independently of DHX9’s DNA-sensing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ching Ng
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chang Chung
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Kang
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Cho
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Jung Song
- Virus-Host Interactions Laboratory, Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Park EB, Min J, Sung SE, Jang Y, Shin JS, Chun D, Kim KH, Hwang J, Lee MK, Go YY, Kwon D, Kim M, Kang SJ, Choi BS. Systematic editing of synthetic RIG-I ligands to produce effective antiviral and anti-tumor RNA immunotherapies. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:10533. [PMID: 30202915 PMCID: PMC6212841 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jiyoun Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Si-Eun Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yejin Jang
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Shin
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Chun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yun Young Go
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Dohyeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Byong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Lee J, Park EB, Min J, Sung SE, Jang Y, Shin JS, Chun D, Kim KH, Hwang J, Lee MK, Go YY, Kwon D, Kim M, Kang SJ, Choi BS. Systematic editing of synthetic RIG-I ligands to produce effective antiviral and anti-tumor RNA immunotherapies. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:1635-1647. [PMID: 29373735 PMCID: PMC5829749 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) recognizes double-stranded viral RNAs (dsRNAs) containing two or three 5' phosphates. A few reports of 5'-PPP-independent RIG-I agonists have emerged, but little is known about the molecular principles underlying their recognition. We recently found that the bent duplex RNA from the influenza A panhandle promoter activates RIG-I even in the absence of a 5'-triphosphate moiety. Here, we report that non-canonical synthetic RNA oligonucleotides containing G-U wobble base pairs that form a bent helix can exert RIG-I-mediated antiviral and anti-tumor effects in a sequence- and site-dependent manner. We present synthetic RNAs that have been systematically modified to enhance their efficacy and we outline the basic principles for engineering RIG-I agonists applicable to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jiyoun Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Si-Eun Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yejin Jang
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Jin Soo Shin
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Dongmin Chun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Yun Young Go
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Dohyeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Center for Virus Research and Testing, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, South Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Byong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Kwon D, Cha BG, Cho Y, Min J, Park EB, Kang SJ, Kim J. Extra-Large Pore Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Directing in Vivo M2 Macrophage Polarization by Delivering IL-4. Nano Lett 2017; 17:2747-2756. [PMID: 28422506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b04130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) smaller than 200 nm with a high colloidal stability have been extensively studied for systemic drug delivery. Although small molecule delivery via MSNs has been successful, the encapsulation of large therapeutic biomolecules, such as proteins or DNA, is limited due to small pore size of the conventional MSNs obtained by soft-templating. Here, we report the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles with extra-large pores (XL-MSNs) and their application to in vivo cytokine delivery for macrophage polarization. Uniform, size-controllable XL-MSNs with 30 nm extra-large pores were synthesized using organic additives and inorganic seed nanoparticles. XL-MSNs showed significantly higher loadings for the model proteins with different molecular weights compared to conventional small pore MSNs. XL-MSNs were used to deliver IL-4, which is an M2-polarizing cytokine and very quickly degraded in vivo, to macrophages and polarize them to anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in vivo. XL-MSNs induced a low level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and no pro-inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and in mice injected intravenously with XL-MSNs. We found that the injected XL-MSNs were targeted to phagocytic myeloid cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Finally, we demonstrated that the injection of IL-4-loaded XL-MSNs successfully triggered M2 macrophage polarization in vivo, suggesting the clinical potential of XL-MSNs for modulating immune systems via targeted delivery of various cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyeong Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Cha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Lee A, Park EB, Lee J, Choi BS, Kang SJ. The N terminus of cGAS de-oligomerizes the cGAS:DNA complex and lifts the DNA size restriction of core-cGAS activity. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:954-961. [PMID: 28214358 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is a DNA-sensing enzyme in the innate immune system. Recent studies using core-cGAS lacking the N terminus investigated the mechanism for binding of double-stranded (ds) DNA and synthesis of 2',3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a secondary messenger that ultimately induces type I interferons. However, the function of the N terminus of cGAS remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the N terminus enhanced the activity of core-cGAS in vivo. Importantly, the catalytic activity of core-cGAS decreased as the length of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) increased, but the diminished activity was restored by addition of the N terminus. Furthermore, the N terminus de‐oligomerized the 2 : 1 complex of core‐cGAS and dsDNA into a 1 : 1 complex, suggesting that the N terminus enhanced the activity of core‐cGAS by facilitating formation of a monomeric complex of cGAS and DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Janghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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Seo J, Kang JA, Suh DI, Park EB, Lee CR, Choi SA, Kim SY, Kim Y, Park SH, Ye M, Kwon SH, Park JD, Lim BC, Lee DH, Kang SJ, Choi M, Park SG, Chae JH. Tofacitinib relieves symptoms of stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy caused by 2 de novo variants in TMEM173. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1396-1399.e12. [PMID: 28041677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Kang
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Lee
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun Ah Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeji Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Park
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Michael Ye
- School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soon-Hak Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - June Dong Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung Chan Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- Cell Logistics Research Center and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea.
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee MK, Kim HE, Park EB, Lee J, Kim KH, Lim K, Yum S, Lee YH, Kang SJ, Lee JH, Choi BS. Structural features of influenza A virus panhandle RNA enabling the activation of RIG-I independently of 5'-triphosphate. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8407-16. [PMID: 27288441 PMCID: PMC5041458 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) recognizes specific molecular patterns of viral RNAs for inducing type I interferon. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RIG-I binds to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) with the 5'-triphosphate (5'-PPP), which induces a conformational change in RIG-I to an active form. It has been suggested that RIG-I detects infection of influenza A virus by recognizing the 5'-triphosphorylated panhandle structure of the viral RNA genome. Influenza panhandle RNA has a unique structure with a sharp helical bending. In spite of extensive studies of how viral RNAs activate RIG-I, whether the structural elements of the influenza panhandle RNA confer the ability to activate RIG-I signaling has been poorly explored. Here, we investigated the dynamics of the influenza panhandle RNA in complex with RIG-I CTD using NMR spectroscopy and showed that the bending structure of the panhandle RNA negates the requirement of a 5'-PPP moiety for RIG-I activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea Disease Target Structure Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungeun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyun Yum
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hwa Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Yang SK, Hong WS, Min YI, Kim HY, Yoo JY, Rhee PL, Rhee JC, Chang DK, Song IS, Jung SA, Park EB, Yoo HM, Lee DK, Kim YK. Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in the Songpa-Kangdong District, Seoul, Korea, 1986-1997. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15:1037-42. [PMID: 11059934 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02252.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulcerative colitis (UC) is regarded as a rare disease in developing countries, but accurate data are generally lacking. We performed the present study to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of UC in Korea. METHODS A retrospective study was performed from 1986 to 1997 in the Songpa-Kangdong district of Seoul, Korea. To recruit UC patients as completely as possible, multiple information sources including all medical facilities in the study area and three referral centres located nearby, but outside the study area were used. The incidence and prevalence rates were adjusted using the 1997 Korean population statistics. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 94 incident cases were identified, for an adjusted mean annual incidence rate of 0.68 per 100,000 inhabitants. On 31 December 1997, 91 patients with UC lived in the study area, giving an adjusted prevalence rate of 7.57 per 100,000 inhabitants. By using the Poisson regression analysis, the annual incidence rate increased significantly from 0.20 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1986-1988 to 1.23 per 100,000 inhabitants in 1995-1997 (P < 0.005). Patient age at diagnosis, the interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis, and the disease extent at diagnosis were fairly constant throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS The incidence and prevalence of UC in our study area are still low compared with those of Western countries, but the incidence rate is steadily increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Han WS, Park EB. Elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma: its association with tumor progression and its significant decrease after curative surgical resection. Cancer 1999. [PMID: 10091729 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990201)85:3<554::aid-cncr6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts as a potent inhibitor of cell growth and tumor progression but loss of this negative regulation can contribute to tumor development. Some studies have reported an association between disease progression and TGF-beta1 expression in patients with colorectal carcinoma, but their results were not always consistent. METHODS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in 121 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and compared with TGF-beta1 serum levels in 31 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of TGF-beta1 also were measured in 50 patients who underwent curative surgical resection (part of the 121 preoperative patients) to compare their levels with preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta1. RESULTS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma (45+/-15 ng/mL) (mean+/-the standard deviation) were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (32+/-4 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 increased with increasing tumor stage (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were correlated significantly with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 tended to increase with increasing CEA (correlation coefficient = 0.21; P < 0.05). The mean serum level of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma before surgery (45+/-14 ng/mL) (n = 50) significantly decreased to 34+/-7 ng/mL, which was within the normal range (32+/-4 ng/mL), after curative surgical resection of the tumor (P = 0.0000). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 after tumor resection decreased more significantly in patients with higher preoperative levels of TGF-beta1 (from 53+/-12 ng/mL to 36+/-6 ng/mL) (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that serum levels of TGF-beta1 in colorectal carcinoma patients may be associated with disease progression and may be used as a biomarker in the management of colorectal carcinoma patients. The authors believe further studies with a large number of patients for a longer follow-up period are necessary to conclude whether serum levels of TGF-beta1 carry significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Han WS, Park EB. Elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma: its association with tumor progression and its significant decrease after curative surgical resection. Cancer 1999. [PMID: 10091729 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990201)85:3%3c554::aid-cncr6%3e3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts as a potent inhibitor of cell growth and tumor progression but loss of this negative regulation can contribute to tumor development. Some studies have reported an association between disease progression and TGF-beta1 expression in patients with colorectal carcinoma, but their results were not always consistent. METHODS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in 121 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and compared with TGF-beta1 serum levels in 31 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of TGF-beta1 also were measured in 50 patients who underwent curative surgical resection (part of the 121 preoperative patients) to compare their levels with preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta1. RESULTS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma (45+/-15 ng/mL) (mean+/-the standard deviation) were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (32+/-4 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 increased with increasing tumor stage (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were correlated significantly with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 tended to increase with increasing CEA (correlation coefficient = 0.21; P < 0.05). The mean serum level of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma before surgery (45+/-14 ng/mL) (n = 50) significantly decreased to 34+/-7 ng/mL, which was within the normal range (32+/-4 ng/mL), after curative surgical resection of the tumor (P = 0.0000). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 after tumor resection decreased more significantly in patients with higher preoperative levels of TGF-beta1 (from 53+/-12 ng/mL to 36+/-6 ng/mL) (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that serum levels of TGF-beta1 in colorectal carcinoma patients may be associated with disease progression and may be used as a biomarker in the management of colorectal carcinoma patients. The authors believe further studies with a large number of patients for a longer follow-up period are necessary to conclude whether serum levels of TGF-beta1 carry significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Han WS, Park EB. Elevated serum levels of transforming growth factor-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma: its association with tumor progression and its significant decrease after curative surgical resection. Cancer 1999; 85:554-61. [PMID: 10091729 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19990201)85:3<554::aid-cncr6>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) acts as a potent inhibitor of cell growth and tumor progression but loss of this negative regulation can contribute to tumor development. Some studies have reported an association between disease progression and TGF-beta1 expression in patients with colorectal carcinoma, but their results were not always consistent. METHODS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay in 121 consecutive patients with colorectal carcinoma and compared with TGF-beta1 serum levels in 31 healthy volunteers. Serum levels of TGF-beta1 also were measured in 50 patients who underwent curative surgical resection (part of the 121 preoperative patients) to compare their levels with preoperative serum levels of TGF-beta1. RESULTS Serum levels of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma (45+/-15 ng/mL) (mean+/-the standard deviation) were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group (32+/-4 ng/mL) (P = 0.001). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 increased with increasing tumor stage (P < 0.01). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 were correlated significantly with depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 tended to increase with increasing CEA (correlation coefficient = 0.21; P < 0.05). The mean serum level of TGF-beta1 in patients with colorectal carcinoma before surgery (45+/-14 ng/mL) (n = 50) significantly decreased to 34+/-7 ng/mL, which was within the normal range (32+/-4 ng/mL), after curative surgical resection of the tumor (P = 0.0000). Serum levels of TGF-beta1 after tumor resection decreased more significantly in patients with higher preoperative levels of TGF-beta1 (from 53+/-12 ng/mL to 36+/-6 ng/mL) (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study suggest that serum levels of TGF-beta1 in colorectal carcinoma patients may be associated with disease progression and may be used as a biomarker in the management of colorectal carcinoma patients. The authors believe further studies with a large number of patients for a longer follow-up period are necessary to conclude whether serum levels of TGF-beta1 carry significant clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Shim KS, Kim KH, Park BW, Yi SY, Choi JH, Han WS, Park EB. Increased serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 1998; 41:219-24. [PMID: 9556248 DOI: 10.1007/bf02238252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer and to investigate the clinical significance of these levels in association with tumor stage and histologic differentiation. Also, serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha were measured after curative surgical resection. METHODS Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha were measured in 42 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer before surgery, in 21 patients after surgical resection (part of the 42 preoperative patients), and in 20 healthy volunteers. We used TGF-alpha Assay. RESULTS Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer were significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P = 0.001). Significant elevations in serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha were found in 50 percent (21/42) of patients with colorectal cancer when the mean + 2 standard deviations (80.4 pg/ml) of the control group were used as the upper limit of the normal range. Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha tended to decrease with increasing tumor size (n = 31; r = -0.52; P = 0.002). Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha before surgery (89.7 +/- 44.4 pg/ml; n = 21) significantly decreased to 60.3 +/- 19.8 pg/ml after surgical resections of tumors (P = 0.017). Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha completely decreased to the same serum levels of the control group after surgical resections in all patients who had serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha greater than mean + 2 standard deviations (80.4 pg/ml) of the control group preoperatively (n = 11; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Levels of preoperative transforming growth factor-alpha in patients with colorectal cancer appeared to be higher than levels measured in control subjects. Serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha before surgery significantly decreased after surgical resections of tumors. Additional studies are warranted to determine if serum levels of transforming growth factor-alpha may be useful as a potential biomarker in the management of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Medical Research Center, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
We have examined the serum levels of the mutant p53 protein in patients with colorectal cancer preoperatively (n=50), and in patients with adenomatous polyp (n=13). Mutant p53 protein in patients after curative surgical resection of colorectal cancer (n=26, part of the fifty preoperative patients) was also measured. Serum samples were stored frozen at -70 degrees C until the time of analysis. We used the p53 mutant ELISA (QIA03, CALBIOCHEM) system. Serum levels of the mutant p53 protein in patients with colorectal cancer (mean=0.97+/-0.14 ng/ml, ranged from 0.7 ng/ml to 1.37 ng/ml, n=50) were significantly greater than those in patients with adenomatous polyp (mean=0.73+/-0.06 ng/ml, ranged from 0.69 ng/ml to 0.83 ng/ml) (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between serum p53 levels and CA19-9 levels (p<0.01). Serum levels of the mutant p53 protein prior to surgery (mean=0.97+/-0.13 ng/ml, n=26) significantly decreased after surgical resection of tumor (mean=0.82+/-0.07 ng/ml) (p<0.001, paired t-test). These results suggest that mutant p53 protein might be used as a potential biomarker in the management of patients with colorectal cancer. Further study is warranted to establish its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Shim
- Department of General Surgery, Ewha Womans University, College of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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