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Jedraszak G, Jobic F, Receveur A, Bilan F, Gilbert-Dussardier B, Tiffany B, Missirian C, Willems M, Odent S, Lucas J, Dubourg C, Schaefer E, Scheidecker S, Lespinasse J, Goldenberg A, Guerrot AM, Joly-Helas G, Chambon P, Le Caignec C, David A, Coutton C, Satre V, Vieville G, Amblard F, Harbuz R, Sanlaville D, Till M, Vincent-Delorme C, Colson C, Andrieux J, Naudion S, Toutain J, Rooryck C, de Fréminville B, Prieur F, Daire VC, Amram D, Kleinfinger P, Schulze MB, Raabe-Meyer G, Courage C, Lemke J, Stefanou EG, Loretta T, Emmanouil M, Tzeli SK, Sodowska H, Anderson J, Nandini A, Copin H, Garçon L, Liehr T, Morin G. Cat eye syndrome: Clinical, cytogenetics and familial findings in a large cohort of 43 patients highlighting the importance of congenital heart disease and inherited cases. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63476. [PMID: 37974505 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Cat Eye Syndrome (CES) is a rare genetic disease caused by the presence of a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 22, which results in a partial tetrasomy of 22p-22q11.21. CES is classically defined by association of iris coloboma, anal atresia, and preauricular tags or pits, with high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We conducted an international retrospective study of patients carrying genomic gain in the 22q11.21 chromosomal region upstream from LCR22-A identified using FISH, MLPA, and/or array-CGH. We report a cohort of 43 CES cases. We highlight that the clinical triad represents no more than 50% of cases. However, only 16% of CES patients presented with the three signs of the triad and 9% not present any of these three signs. We also highlight the importance of other impairments: cardiac anomalies are one of the major signs of CES (51% of cases), and high frequency of intellectual disability (47%). Ocular motility defects (45%), abdominal malformations (44%), ophthalmologic malformations (35%), and genitourinary tract defects (32%) are other frequent clinical features. We observed that sSMC is the most frequent chromosomal anomaly (91%) and we highlight the high prevalence of mosaic cases (40%) and the unexpectedly high prevalence of parental transmission of sSMC (23%). Most often, the transmitting parent has mild or absent features and carries the mosaic marker at a very low rate (<10%). These data allow us to better delineate the clinical phenotype associated with CES, which must be taken into account in the cytogenetic testing for this syndrome. These findings draw attention to the need for genetic counseling and the risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jedraszak
- Constitutional Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
- UR4666, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Florence Jobic
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Aline Receveur
- Constitutional Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Bilan
- Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Busa Tiffany
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Chantal Missirian
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Marjolaine Willems
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Josette Lucas
- Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | | | - Elise Schaefer
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Alice Goldenberg
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Chambon
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Cédric Le Caignec
- Medical Gentics Unit, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Albert David
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Charles Coutton
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Grenoble & INSERM U1209 Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Véronique Satre
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Grenoble & INSERM U1209 Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaëlle Vieville
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Florence Amblard
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Radu Harbuz
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marianne Till
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Catherine Vincent-Delorme
- Catherine Vincent Delorme, Clinical Genetics Unit Guy Fontaine, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cindy Colson
- Catherine Vincent Delorme, Clinical Genetics Unit Guy Fontaine, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joris Andrieux
- Molecular Genetics Institute, University hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Naudion
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jérome Toutain
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Fabienne Prieur
- Medical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | | | - Daniel Amram
- Clinicial Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Creteil, Creteil, France
| | | | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Eunice G Stefanou
- Cytogenetics Unit, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomaidis Loretta
- Developmental Assessment Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sophia Kitsiou Tzeli
- Department of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Henryka Sodowska
- Niepubliczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotne "Genom", Ruda Slaska, Poland
| | - Jasen Anderson
- Cytogenetics Department, Sullivan and Nicolaides Pathology, Taringa, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adayapalam Nandini
- Department of Cytogenetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Henri Copin
- Constitutional Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Loïc Garçon
- Constitutional Genetics Laboratory, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
- UR4666, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, Jena, Germany
| | - Gilles Morin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, University Hospital of Amiens, Amiens, France
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Angelopoulou E, Theodosiou A, Papaevripidou I, Alexandrou A, Liehr T, Gyftodimou Y, Stefanou EG, Sismani C. CHD2 pathogenic nonsense variant in a three-generation family with variable phenotype and a paracentric inversion 16: Case report. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22987. [PMID: 38125503 PMCID: PMC10731059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal inversions are usually balanced structural chromosomal rearrangements that do not have an impact on the clinical phenotype of a carrier. The main clinical consequence of inversions is the risk for unbalanced gametes and offspring with severe phenotypes. Rarely though, inversions are associated with a phenotype, mainly due to submicroscopic Copy Number Variants (CNVs) or disruption at the breakpoints of a functionally important gene and/or genomic elements. In this study, a paracentric inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)(q22.3q24.1)] was identified in a three-generation family with discordant phenotypes with/without epilepsy and/or intellectual impairment, as well as with an unaffected carrier. This finding was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Genetic investigation, initially with chromosomal microarray (CMA), did not reveal any copy number variants. Finally, Clinical Exome Sequencing (CES), detected the presence of a pathogenic nonsense variant (rs797044912) in the Chromodomain Helicase DNA-binding protein 2 (CHD2) gene [NM_001271.4:c.5035C>T p.(Arg1679Ter)]. CHD2 pathogenic variants have been associated with Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy-94 (DEE-94), a rare yet severe condition, characterized by developmental delay, seizures with an early onset, intellectual impairment, autism spectrum disorder, and sometimes behavioral issues. Family testing showed that the variant segregated with phenotypic heterogeneity in the affected individuals and appears to be causative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first CHD2 pathogenic variant segregating in a three-generation family and the fourth familial case reported. These results further support our previous findings that familial, balanced rearrangements with discordant phenotypes in the same family are, in the vast majority, coincidental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Angelopoulou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Athina Theodosiou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Papaevripidou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos Alexandrou
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Institute of Human Genetics, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Eunice G. Stefanou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, University General Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Carolina Sismani
- Department of Cytogenetics and Genomics, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 2371, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Velissariou V, Sachinidi F, Christopoulou S, Florentin L, Liehr T, Efthymiadou A, Angelopoulou E, Chrysis D, Stefanou EG. Low-Level Trisomy 14 Mosaicism: A Carrier of an Isochromosome 14 and a Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 14. Cytogenet Genome Res 2020; 160:664-670. [PMID: 33202412 DOI: 10.1159/000511549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trisomy 14 (T14) mosaicism is a rare chromosomal condition characterised by various clinical features, including developmental delay, growth impairment, and dysmorphism. Here, we report on a 12-year-old female referred for cytogenetic analysis due to short stature. Standard GTG-banding analysis on the patient's peripheral blood revealed mosaic Τ14 in the form of an i(14)(q10) in 3% of cells. Furthermore, a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) had been detected in the first trimester of pregnancy in chorionic villus sampling. A skin biopsy in the patient revealed the presence of a metacentric sSMC in 100% of cells. Cytogenetic and FISH studies showed that it was a de novo metacentric bisatellited sSMC derived from chromosomes 14 or 22. Oligonucleotide array-CGH using skin cells revealed no copy number variations. Studies for uniparental disomy 14 by microsatellite analysis confirmed biparental inheritance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of a patient with 2 abnormal cell lines involving chromosome 14 in different tissues, one with mosaic T14 in the form of i(14)(q10) and one with an sSMC derived from chromosome 14, present in blood and skin, respectively. A rare mechanism of trisomy rescue events is proposed to explain the presence of the different cell lines in the tissues examined. This case highlights the importance of providing the cytogenetics laboratory with adequate clinical data to test for low mosaicism and analyse different tissues if necessary, thus contributing to the suitable clinical management of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voula Velissariou
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mitera Hospital, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece.,A-Lab, Genetics and Genomics Center, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bioiatriki Healthcare Group, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Stavroula Christopoulou
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mitera Hospital, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece.,A-Lab, Genetics and Genomics Center, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Lina Florentin
- A-Lab, Genetics and Genomics Center, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra Efthymiadou
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Angelopoulou
- Cytogenetics Unit, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionisios Chrysis
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Eunice G Stefanou
- Cytogenetics Unit, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece,
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Pasmatzi E, Monastirli A, Chroni E, Georgiou S, Habeos J, Stefanou EG, Fratter C, Papathanasopoulos P, Tsambaos D. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis type I in a female patient with neuropathy: no association with alcoholism or mitochondrial DNA m.8344A>G mutation. QJM 2015; 108:503-5. [PMID: 23142763 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcs212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Pasmatzi
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A Monastirli
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - E Chroni
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - S Georgiou
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - J Habeos
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - E G Stefanou
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - C Fratter
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - P Papathanasopoulos
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - D Tsambaos
- From the Department of Dermatology, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, University of Patras, Greece and Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
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5
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Nazaryan L, Stefanou EG, Hansen C, Kosyakova N, Bak M, Sharkey FH, Mantziou T, Papanastasiou AD, Velissariou V, Liehr T, Syrrou M, Tommerup N. The strength of combined cytogenetic and mate-pair sequencing techniques illustrated by a germline chromothripsis rearrangement involving FOXP2. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 22:338-43. [PMID: 23860044 PMCID: PMC3925275 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation mate-pair sequencing (MPS) has revealed that many constitutional complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCRs) are associated with local shattering of chromosomal regions (chromothripsis). Although MPS promises to identify the molecular basis of the abnormal phenotypes associated with many CCRs, none of the reported mate-pair sequenced complex rearrangements have been simultaneously studied with state-of-the art molecular cytogenetic techniques. Here, we studied chromothripsis-associated CCR involving chromosomes 2, 5 and 7, associated with global developmental and psychomotor delay and severe speech disorder. We identified three truncated genes: CDH12, DGKB and FOXP2, confirming the role of FOXP2 in severe speech disorder, and suggestive roles of CDH12 and/or DGKB for the global developmental and psychomotor delay. Our study confirmes the power of MPS for detecting breakpoints and truncated genes at near nucleotide resolution in chromothripsis. However, only by combining MPS data with conventional G-banding and extensive fluorescence in situ hybridizations could we delineate the precise structure of the derivative chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Nazaryan
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eunice G Stefanou
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Claus Hansen
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadezda Kosyakova
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mads Bak
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freddie H Sharkey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Theodora Mantziou
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Voula Velissariou
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, 'Mitera' General Maternity/Gynecology and Children's Hospital, Hygeia Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Syrrou
- Laboratory of General Biology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Niels Tommerup
- Wilhelm Johannsen Centre for Functional Genome Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
45,X/46,XY mosaicism is associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes ranging from apparently normal male development to individuals with incomplete sexual differentiation and clinical signs of Turner syndrome in both males and females. The most common presentation among individuals with a 45,X/46,XY karyotype is sexual ambiguity, accounting for approximately 60% of cases, while the least common category of 45,X/46,XY patients consists of those with bilaterally descended testes, found in 11-12%. We report on two patients with an apparently normal male phenotype and 45,X/46,XY mosaicism who were diagnosed postnatally because of short stature. Both of these boys presented at the age of 15 years with short stature, minor Turner-like stigmata, normal male external genitalia and spontaneous pubertal development. One of them had coarctaction of the aorta with bicuspid aortic valve, an uncommon clinical feature in boys with mosaicism. The same patient underwent a trial of GH replacement therapy with poor response and his sperm analysis revealed azoospermia. Like our patients, most mosaic 45,X/46,XY children with bilateral scrotal testes go unrecognised at birth and throughout childhood unless they have somatic features of Turner syndrome or significant growth retardation. We recommend that boys with otherwise unexplained short stature, being short for their families, should be karyotyped routinely as is recommended in short-stature girls. In addition, boys with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism require a thorough clinical evaluation similar to that performed in girls with Turner syndrome and must be routinely followed up for their potential to respond favorably to GH treatment and for late onset abnormalities, such as infertility and gonadal tumors.
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