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Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J. Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:2026-2041. [PMID: 38052730 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Park greenery represents an oasis for urban residents; however, during the flowering period of trees that produce allergenic pollen grains, these areas threaten individuals suffering from seasonal allergic respiratory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the temporal distribution of the allergenic potential of three most important urban parks in Bratislava over the vegetation period, using a modification of the Urban Green Zone Allergenicity Index (IUGZA) and Individual-Specific Allergenic Potential Index (IISA) designed as a running index - rIUGZA and rIISA. We found that rIUGZA gives better information for park management and revitalization, since it considers the potential size of woody plants, while rIISA, considering the actual size of the vegetation, provides more relevant information for pollen-allergy sufferers. Based on rIISA, the allergenic potential was highest in May for the Grassalkovich Garden (formal baroque garden) and Janko Kráľ Park (English landscape park) and in April for the Medic Garden (repurposed baroque garden). We also found differences in the duration of the period of increased allergenic potential in these parks, ranging from 1 to 3 months. Based on the total annual sums of rIISA, we found the highest allergenic potential in the Medic Garden and lowest in the Janko Kráľ Park. This variance is caused mainly by the different density of trees and percentage of allergenic species. The biggest contributors to the allergenic potential were Platanus, Acer and Tilia. Based on the information on temporal variation of the allergenic potential during the vegetation period provided by the running indices, it is possible to improve the planning of park revitalization based on the flowering period of allergenic species and provide better information to the pollen-allergy sufferers for minimizing the allergenic effect of urban green areas on their health during a particular month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zahradníková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Rendeková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščevková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zahradníková E, Sutter JP, Halaš P, Drahoš B. Trigonal prismatic coordination geometry imparted by a macrocyclic ligand: an approach to large axial magnetic anisotropy for Co(II). Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38015562 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02639f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, expressed by a negative value of the axial zero-field splitting parameter D, has been achieved in a series of trigonal prismatic Co(II) complexes with the general formula [Co(L)X]Y, where L = 1,5,13,17,22-pentaazatricyclo[15.2.2.17,11]docosa-7,9,11(22)-triene, X = Cl-(1a,b), Br-(2), N3-(3), NCO-(4), NCS-(5), NCSe-(6), and Y = Cl-(1), Br-(2), NCS-(4), NCSe-(5), ClO4-(3,6). Complexes 1-6 are six-coordinate with the distorted trigonal prismatic geometry imparted by the pentadentate pyridine-/piperazine-based macrocyclic ligand L and by one monovalent coligand X-. Based on magnetic studies, all complexes 1-6 exhibit strong magnetic anisotropy with negative D-values ranging from about -20 to -41 cm-1. This variation in D (i.e. the increase of magnetic anisotropy) parallels the trend obtained by theoretical calculations and the lesser distortion of the coordination sphere with respect to the trigonal prismatic reference geometry. AC magnetic susceptibility investigations revealed field-induced single-molecule magnet behaviour for all complexes except Cl- derivative 1. The series investigated represents a rare example of Co(II) complexes with a robust trigonal prismatic geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zahradníková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jean-Pascal Sutter
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS (LCC-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Petr Halaš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Bohuslav Drahoš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Žilka M, Tropeková M, Zahradníková E, Kováčik Ľ, Ščevková J. Temporal variation in the spectrum and concentration of airborne microalgae and cyanobacteria in the urban environments of inland temperate climate. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:97616-97628. [PMID: 37594706 PMCID: PMC10495494 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite their non-negligible representation among the airborne bioparticles and known allergenicity, autotrophic microorganisms-microalgae and cyanobacteria-are not commonly reported or studied by aerobiological monitoring stations due to the challenging identification in their desiccated and fragmented state. Using a gravimetric method with open plates at the same time as Hirst-type volumetric bioparticle sampler, we were able to cultivate the autotrophic microorganisms and use it as a reference for correct retrospective identification of the microalgae and cyanobacteria captured by the volumetric trap. Only in this way, reliable data on their presence in the air of a given area can be obtained and analysed with regard to their temporal variation and environmental factors. We gained these data for an inland temperate region over 3 years (2018, 2020-2021), identifying the microalgal genera Bracteacoccus, Desmococcus, Geminella, Chlorella, Klebsormidium, and Stichococcus (Chlorophyta) and cyanobacterium Nostoc in the volumetric trap samples and three more in the cultivated samples. The mean annual concentration recorded over 3 years was 19,182 cells*day/m3, with the greatest contribution from the genus Bracteacoccus (57%). Unlike some other bioparticles like pollen grains, autotrophic microorganisms were present in the samples over the course of the whole year, with greatest abundance in February and April. The peak daily concentration reached the highest value (1011 cells/m3) in 2021, while the mean daily concentration during the three analysed years was 56 cells/m3. The analysis of intra-diurnal patterns showed their increased presence in daylight hours, with a peak between 2 and 4 p.m. for most genera, which is especially important due to their potential to trigger allergy symptoms. From the environmental factors, wind speed had a most significant positive association with their concentration, while relative air humidity had a negative influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matúš Žilka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Tropeková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Zahradníková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubomír Kováčik
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Ščevková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Ščevková J, Dušička J, Zahradníková E, Sepšiová R, Kováč J, Vašková Z. Impact of meteorological parameters and air pollutants on airborne concentration of Betula pollen and Bet v 1 allergen. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:95438-95448. [PMID: 37544949 PMCID: PMC10482788 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The intensity of birch pollen season is expressed by seasonal pollen integral (SPIn, the sum of the mean daily pollen concentration during the birch pollination period) and the amount of Bet v 1 allergen released per birch pollen grain expressed by pollen allergen potency (PAP). Betula pollen and Bet v 1 allergen were simultaneously measured in the air of Bratislava from 2019 to 2022 by using two Burkard traps (Hirst-type and cyclone) in order to evaluate the causes of the seasonal variation in the SPIn and PAP levels. The highest SPIn (19,975 pollen/m3) was observed in 2022 and the lowest one (1484 pollen/m3) in 2021. The average daily PAP level (4.0 pg Bet v 1/pollen) was highest in 2019 and lowest (2.5 pg Bet v 1/pollen) in 2020. We found that seasonal variation in SPIn was associated mainly with the changes in environmental conditions during the pre-season period, whereas the year-to-year variation in PAP levels was attributed to environmental conditions during both pre- and in-season periods. Our results indicate that rainy weather in June 2020 and cold overcast weather in January‒February 2021 resulted in low SPIn in 2021. On the other hand, dry weather in June 2021 and warm weather in January‒February 2022 resulted in high SPIn in 2022. The low average daily PAP level in 2020 was associated with (1) low levels of gaseous air pollutants in March, when the ripening of pollen takes place; (2) an earlier start of the birch main pollen season (MPS); and (3) dry weather during the MPS. On the other hand, high PAP level in 2019 was associated with higher levels of air pollutants in March and during the MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Ščevková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Dušička
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Zahradníková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Regina Sepšiová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Kováč
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, 842 48, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Vašková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Révová 39, 811 02, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Schoeller M, Piroš M, Litecká M, Koňariková K, Jozefíková F, Šagátová A, Zahradníková E, Valentová J, Moncol J. Bipyridine Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Halogen-Substituted Salicylates: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Biological Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:4609. [PMID: 37375164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes currently represent a perspective subject of investigation in terms of potential anticancer therapeutics. Eight novel octahedral ruthenium(II) complexes are the subject of this article. Complexes contain 2,2'-bipyridine molecules and salicylates as ligands, differing in position and type of halogen substituent. The structure of the complexes was determined via X-ray structural analysis and NMR spectroscopy. All complexes were characterized by spectral methods-FTIR, UV-Vis, ESI-MS. Complexes show sufficient stability in solutions. Therefore, their biological properties were studied. Binding ability to BSA, interaction with DNA, as well as in vitro antiproliferative effects against MCF-7 and U-118MG cell lines were investigated. Several complexes showed anticancer effects against these cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schoeller
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Piroš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Litecká
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the CAS, Husinec-Řež č.p. 1001, 250 68 Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Koňariková
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Flóra Jozefíková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Šagátová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Zahradníková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Valentová
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Moncol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Loubalová I, Zahradníková E, Masaryk L, Nemec I, Hochvaldová L, Panáček A, Kvítek L, Večeřová R, Świątkowski M, Kopel P. Antibacterial study on nickel and copper dicarboxylate complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zahradníková E, Císařová I, Drahoš B. Syntheses and crystal structures of Ni(II) complexes with pyridine-based macrocyclic ligands. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zahradníková E, Císařová I, Drahoš B. Triple M as Manganese: Medicine, magnetism and macrocycles. Seven-coordinate Mn(II) complexes with pyridine-based macrocyclic ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zahradníková E, Herchel R, Šalitroš I, Císařová I, Drahoš B. Late first-row transition metal complexes of a 17-membered piperazine-based macrocyclic ligand: structures and magnetism. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:9057-9069. [PMID: 32568334 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01392g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 17-membered piperazine-based macrocyclic ligand LdiProp (1,5,13,17,22-pentaazatricyclo[15.2.2.17,11]docosa-7,9,11(22)-triene) was resynthesized in high yield by using a linear pump. Its Mn(ii), Fe(ii), Co(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes of the general formula [MnLdiProp(ClO4)2] (1), [FeLdiProp(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (2), [CoLdiProp(CH3CN)](ClO4)2 (3), [NiLdiProp](ClO4)2 (4) were prepared and thoroughly characterized. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that Mn(ii) complex 1 has capped trigonal prismatic geometry with a coordination number of seven, Fe(ii) and Co(ii) complexes 2 and 3 are trigonal prismatic with a coordination number of six and Ni(ii) complex 4 has square pyramidal geometry with a coordination number of five. The decrease of the coordination number is accompanied by a shortening of M-N distances and an increase of torsion of the piperazine ring from the equatorial plane. Magnetic measurement reveals moderate anisotropy for 4 and rather large magnetic anisotropy for 2 and 3 (axial zero-field splitting parameter D(Ni) = 9.0 cm-1, D(Fe) = -14.4 cm-1, D(Co) = -25.8 cm-1, together with rather high rhombicity). Co(ii) complex 3 behaves as a field-induced SMM with a combination of Raman and direct or Orbach and direct relaxation mechanisms. Obtained magnetic data were extensively supported by theoretical CASSCF calculations. The flexibility and rather large 17-membered macrocyclic cavity of ligand LdiProp could be responsible for the variation of coordination numbers and geometries for the investigated late-first row transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zahradníková
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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