1
|
Geukens T, De Schepper M, Van Den Bogaert W, Van Baelen K, Maetens M, Pabba A, Mahdami A, Leduc S, Isnaldi E, Nguyen HL, Bachir I, Hajipirloo M, Zels G, Van Cauwenberge J, Borremans K, Vandecaveye V, Weynand B, Vermeulen P, Leucci E, Baietti MF, Sflomos G, Battista L, Brisken C, Derksen PWB, Koorman T, Visser D, Scheele CLGJ, Thommen DS, Hatse S, Fendt SM, Vanderheyden E, Van Brussel T, Schepers R, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Marano G, Biganzoli E, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Neven P, Wildiers H, Richard F, Floris G, Desmedt C. Rapid autopsies to enhance metastatic research: the UPTIDER post-mortem tissue donation program. NPJ Breast Cancer 2024; 10:31. [PMID: 38658604 PMCID: PMC11043338 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-024-00637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Research on metastatic cancer has been hampered by limited sample availability. Here we present the breast cancer post-mortem tissue donation program UPTIDER and show how it enabled sampling of a median of 31 (range: 5-90) metastases and 5-8 liquids per patient from its first 20 patients. In a dedicated experiment, we show the mild impact of increasing time after death on RNA quality, transcriptional profiles and immunohistochemical staining in tumor tissue samples. We show that this impact can be counteracted by organ cooling. We successfully generated ex vivo models from tissue and liquid biopsies from distinct histological subtypes of breast cancer. We anticipate these and future findings of UPTIDER to elucidate mechanisms of disease progression and treatment resistance and to provide tools for the exploration of precision medicine strategies in the metastatic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Geukens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim De Schepper
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Karen Van Baelen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marion Maetens
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anirudh Pabba
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amena Mahdami
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophia Leduc
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edoardo Isnaldi
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ha-Linh Nguyen
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imane Bachir
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maysam Hajipirloo
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gitte Zels
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josephine Van Cauwenberge
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristien Borremans
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Birgit Weynand
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Centre for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eleonora Leucci
- TRACE and Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Francesca Baietti
- TRACE and Laboratory for RNA Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - George Sflomos
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Battista
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cathrin Brisken
- ISREC - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Patrick W B Derksen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Koorman
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Visser
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Colinda L G J Scheele
- Laboratory of Intravital Microscopy and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniela S Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evy Vanderheyden
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Brussel
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rogier Schepers
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elia Biganzoli
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) "L. Sacco" & DSRC, LITA Vialba campus, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ann Smeets
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Punie
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - François Richard
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Desmedt
- Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Richard F, Geukens T, De Schepper M, Mahdami A, Van Baelen K, Maetens M, Nguyen HL, Pabba A, Leduc S, Isnaldi E, Hajipirloo M, Vanden Berghe E, Bachir I, Hatse S, Vermeulen P, Vanderheyden E, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Smeets A, Nevelsteen I, Punie K, Neven P, Wildiers H, Van Den Bogaert W, Biganzoli E, Floris G, Desmedt C. Abstract P5-05-06: ctDNA detection in seven different types of body liquids in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p5-05-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. Liquid biopsies represent a less invasive alternative to tissue biopsy to characterize and possibly monitor the disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer. So far, blood remains the most frequently investigated body liquid in this context and the investigations mainly focus on the detection, quantification and characterization of the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). However, since blood might not capture the full disease profile, other sources of body liquids may have the potential to complement the information obtained from blood. The aims of the present study are therefore to assess whether: (i) ctDNA can be detected in different types of body liquids, and, (ii) the levels of ctDNA in a given liquid are associated with metastases in specific organs.
Patients and methods. Twelve patients from the post-mortem tissue donation program UPTIDER (NCT04531696) were included in this study. The receptor status of their primary tumor was: estrogen receptor negative, HER2 non-amplified (ER+/HER2-) (n=9), ER-/HER2- (n=2) and ER+/HER2+ (n=1). Median time between inclusion and death of the patient was 1.6 months (Interquartile range: [0.4-3.4]). Seven types of liquids were collected: blood, saliva, ascites, pleural fluid (PFL), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pericardial fluid and urine. Fluids were collected at study inclusion (blood, as well as saliva, urine, and ascites whenever possible) and at autopsy (except for saliva). In total, 108 liquid samples were collected and immediately centrifuged according to standard protocols. Cell free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from the supernatant. All extracted cfDNA as well as germline DNA extracted from the 12 matched buffy coat samples underwent shallow whole genome sequencing. Log2 ratios were computed with CNVkit, and co-segmented per patient using the copynumber R package. Purity and ploidy were assessed by ABSOLUTE. Associations between organ involvement and ctDNA yield were assessed by Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Samples at study inclusion and at autopsy were considered together unless otherwise specified.
Results. At the sample level, ctDNA could be identified in 54% of the samples. At the patient level, the proportion of liquid types in which ctDNA was detected was highly variable (median: 58%, IQR: 34-77%, Table 1). CtDNA was detected in ascites of all patients when investigated, in 78% of PFL, 73% of CSF, 67% of blood and 37% of pericardial fluid. Only for one patient with invasive lobular carcinoma, ctDNA was detected in saliva and urine, the latter most likely explained by invasion of the bladder. Of note, in 4/12 patients ctDNA could not be identified in blood but was detected in at least one of the other fluids for 3 of these patients. At autopsy, ctDNA levels tended to be higher in PFL, ascites, and CSF in case of pleural, peritoneal, and central nervous system (CNS) metastases respectively, reaching statistical significance only for PFL. In CSF, two patients have CSF ctDNA detected with no documented involvement of the CNS. No brain autopsy was however performed for these patients.
Conclusion. We have shown that ctDNA can be detected in all 7 different body liquids that were investigated in this study. The ctDNA levels in a given liquid can be associated with the presence of metastases in specific organs. Since ctDNA was not detected in 4 of our patients in blood but detectable for 3 of them in other liquids, the evaluation of additional sources of body fluids should be further investigated in patients with metastatic breast cancer. These results therefore open new avenues for the clinical monitoring and characterization of the disease.
Table 1. Summary of ctDNA detection per liquid type at the patient level based on the 108 evaluated samples. Histo.= Histological, ILC= Invasive lobular carcinoma, NA= not available, nr= number, NST= non-special type
Citation Format: François Richard, Tatjana Geukens, Maxim De Schepper, Amena Mahdami, Karen Van Baelen, Marion Maetens, Ha-Linh Nguyen, Anirudh Pabba, Sophia Leduc, Edoardo Isnaldi, Maysam Hajipirloo, Emily Vanden Berghe, Imane Bachir, Sigrid Hatse, Peter Vermeulen, Evy Vanderheyden, Bram Boeckx, Diether Lambrechts, Ann Smeets, Ines Nevelsteen, Kevin Punie, Patrick Neven, Hans Wildiers, Wouter Van Den Bogaert, Elia Biganzoli, Giuseppe Floris, Christine Desmedt. ctDNA detection in seven different types of body liquids in patients with metastatic breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-06.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Richard
- 1Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Geukens
- 2Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxim De Schepper
- 3Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium & Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amena Mahdami
- 4Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Van Baelen
- 5Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Marion Maetens
- 6Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Belgium
| | - Ha-Linh Nguyen
- 7Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | - Anirudh Pabba
- 8Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophia Leduc
- 9Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Edoardo Isnaldi
- 10Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maysam Hajipirloo
- 11Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emily Vanden Berghe
- 12Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imane Bachir
- 13Laboratory for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- 14Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- 15Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals & CORE, MIPRO, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Evy Vanderheyden
- 16Laboratory of Translational Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven
| | - Bram Boeckx
- 17Laboratory of Translational Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 18Laboratory of Translational Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven
| | - Ann Smeets
- 19Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ines Nevelsteen
- 20Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin Punie
- 21Department of General Medical Oncology and Multidisciplinary Breast Centre, Leuven Cancer Institute and University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- 22Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium
| | | | | | - Elia Biganzoli
- 25Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (DIBIC) “L. Sacco” & DSRC, LITA Vialba campus, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Christine Desmedt
- 27Laboratory for Translation Breast Cancer Research/KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lafferty A, O'Farrell AC, Migliardi G, Khemka N, Lindner AU, Sassi F, Zanella ER, Salvucci M, Vanderheyden E, Modave E, Boeckx B, Halang L, Betge J, Ebert MPA, Dicker P, Argilés G, Tabernero J, Dienstmann R, Medico E, Lambrechts D, Bertotti A, Isella C, Trusolino L, Prehn JHM, Byrne AT. Molecular Subtyping Combined with Biological Pathway Analyses to Study Regorafenib Response in Clinically Relevant Mouse Models of Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:5979-5992. [PMID: 34426441 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regorafenib (REG) is approved for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, but has modest survival benefit and associated toxicities. Robust predictive/early response biomarkers to aid patient stratification are outstanding. We have exploited biological pathway analyses in a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) trial to study REG response mechanisms and elucidate putative biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Molecularly subtyped PDXs were annotated for REG response. Subtyping was based on gene expression (CMS, consensus molecular subtype) and copy-number alteration (CNA). Baseline tumor vascularization, apoptosis, and proliferation signatures were studied to identify predictive biomarkers within subtypes. Phospho-proteomic analysis was used to identify novel classifiers. Supervised RNA sequencing analysis was performed on PDXs that progressed, or did not progress, following REG treatment. RESULTS Improved REG response was observed in CMS4, although intra-subtype response was variable. Tumor vascularity did not correlate with outcome. In CMS4 tumors, reduced proliferation and higher sensitivity to apoptosis at baseline correlated with response. Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis revealed 4 phospho-proteomic clusters, one of which was enriched with non-progressor models. A classification decision tree trained on RPPA- and CMS-based assignments discriminated non-progressors from progressors with 92% overall accuracy (97% sensitivity, 67% specificity). Supervised RNA sequencing revealed that higher basal EPHA2 expression is associated with REG resistance. CONCLUSIONS Subtype classification systems represent canonical "termini a quo" (starting points) to support REG biomarker identification, and provide a platform to identify resistance mechanisms and novel contexts of vulnerability. Incorporating functional characterization of biological systems may optimize the biomarker identification process for multitargeted kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lafferty
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alice C O'Farrell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giorgia Migliardi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Niraj Khemka
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andreas U Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evy Vanderheyden
- Department of Human Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elodie Modave
- Department of Human Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Department of Human Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luise Halang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johannes Betge
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology and Preclinical Models, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Dicker
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guillem Argilés
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Dienstmann
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enzo Medico
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Department of Human Genetics, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette T Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Precision Cancer Medicine Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vanderstraeten P, Wauters E, Muylle E, Verduyn G, Vanderheyden E, Vansant EF. A continuous quantitative detection method for total mercaptans, organic sulphides, H2S, and CS2 for odouriferous emissions. JAPCA 1988; 38:1271-4. [PMID: 3236035 DOI: 10.1080/08940630.1988.10466474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Kasende O, Vanderheyden E, Zeegers-Huyskens T. Basicity of the nitrogen atom and of the carbonyl function of methyl isonicotinate and 4-acetylpyridine. An infrared study of the interaction with proton donors. J Heterocycl Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570220636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|