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Ferrara P, Ponticelli D, Agüero F, Caci G, Vitale A, Borrelli M, Schiavone B, Antonazzo IC, Mantovani LG, Tomaselli V, Polosa R. Does smoking have an impact on the immunological response to COVID-19 vaccines? Evidence from the VASCO study and need for further studies. Public Health 2022; 203:97-99. [PMID: 35038631 PMCID: PMC8786634 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the possible impact of smoking on the humoral response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (also known as the BioNTech-Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine). STUDY DESIGN A longitudinal sero-epidemiological study was conducted in sample of Italian healthcare workers (HCWs). METHODS HCWs who were administered two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, 21 days apart, between December 2020 and January 2021, were invited to undergo multiple serology tests to identify SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. Participants also responded to questions about their smoking status (i.e. current smokers vs non-smokers) in a survey. RESULTS Sixty days after the completion of the vaccination cycle, serological analyses showed a difference in vaccine-induced IgG titre between current smokers and non-smokers, with median antibody titres of 211.80 AU/mL (interquartile range [IQR] 149.80-465.50) and 487.50 AU/mL (IQR 308.45-791.65) [P-value = 0.002], respectively. This significant difference in vaccine-induced IgG titres between current smokers and non-smokers remained after adjusting for age, sex, and previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS This study observed that vaccine-induced antibody titres decrease faster among current smokers than non-smokers. Further research to investigate the impact of smoking on the immunological response to COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 vaccines is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ferrara
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy; Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy.
| | - D Ponticelli
- Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy
| | - F Agüero
- Preventive Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Clinical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Caci
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - A Vitale
- Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy
| | - M Borrelli
- Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy
| | - B Schiavone
- Pineta Grande Hospital, Castel Volturno, Caserta, Italy
| | - I C Antonazzo
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - L G Mantovani
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - V Tomaselli
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - R Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Ferrara P, Agüero F, Conti S, Masuet-Aumatell C, Mantovani L, Ramon-Torrell JM. An exploration of cancer-related mortality attributable to infections in Italy. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous attempts estimated the impact of infectious agents on cancer incidence in Italy, but the burden of carcinogenic infections on cancer mortality remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a preliminary analysis in order to estimate this burden at country level.
Methods
We applied the global, regional, or national population attributable fractions for Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus type 8 (HHV-8), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) - all microorganisms ranked as group 1 carcinogenic agents in human beings by the International Agency for Research on Cancer - to 2015 cancer-related deaths recorded according to the 10th International Classification of Diseases coding system in Italy.
Results
We estimated a total of 14,120 deaths attributable to carcinogenic infections, being 8.3% of the total of cancer-related deaths (n = 170,339). 58.8% of those occurred in men. H. pylori, HCV, HBC, and HPV accounted for 96.4% of the whole mortality burden attributable to carcinogenic infections in both sexes. H. pylori was responsible for 8,116 (57.5%) deaths due to gastric carcinoma (non-cardia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma). Hepatitis-related liver cancer accounted for a total 4,372 deaths: 3,812 due to HCV infection and 560 to HBV. Cancers related to HPV infection represented the third most frequent cause of deaths due to carcinogenic infections in women.
Conclusions
We estimated that one out of 12 cancer deaths in Italy was attributable to an infection sustained by carcinogenic agents. Such mortality burden is potentially avoidable, given that these infections are both potentially preventable and treatable. Thus, these estimates provide actionable metric of the burden for the implementation of specific public health measures. Further analyses will provide more accurate estimates of this disease burden.
Key messages
In Italy, one out of 12 cancer-related deaths is attributable to infections sustained by preventable or treatable carcinogenic agents. These estimates provide metric of carcinogenic infections for the implementation of specific public health measures to avert the related mortality burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ferrara
- Research Center on Public Health, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - F Agüero
- Preventive Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Clinical Science Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Conti
- Research Center on Public Health, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - C Masuet-Aumatell
- Preventive Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Clinical Science Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Mantovani
- Research Center on Public Health, University of Milan - Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - J M Ramon-Torrell
- Preventive Medicine Department, University Hospital of Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- Clinical Science Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Nicolás D, Ambrosioni J, de Lazzari E, Suarez A, Manzardo C, Agüero F, Mosquera MM, Costa J, Ligero C, Marcos MÁ, Sánchez-Palomino S, Fernández E, Plana M, Yerly S, Gatell JM, Miró JM. Epidemiological changes of acute/recent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in Barcelona, Spain (1997-2015): a prospective cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 25:878-884. [PMID: 30472421 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology of acute/recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection over two decades in Barcelona (Spain). METHODS Prospective, single-centre cohort including all patients with an acute/recent HIV infection (<180 days) since 1997. Patients were stratified into four periods. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to determine clusters of transmission. RESULTS A total of 346 consecutive acute/recently infected patients were included. The annual proportion of recent infections among total new HIV diagnoses increased over time from 1% (29 out of 1964) to 8% (112 out of 1474) (p <0.001). Proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the cohort increased from 62% (18 out of 29) to 89% (100 out of 112) (p <0.001). The proportion of migrants showed a non-significant increasing trend (24% (7 of 29) to 40% (45 of 112)) likewise the non-B subtype (0% to 22% (22 of 112)). The mean time from infection to diagnosis was 53.6 days (interquartile range (IQR) 50-57), comparable among all periods. Mean time from infection to treatment decreased over the years from 575 (IQR 467-683) to 471 (IQR 394-549) days (p <0.001) without significant differences between migrants and non-migrants (133 (IQR 71-411) versus 208 (IQR 90-523) days p 0.089). Almost 50% (152 of 311) of recently infected individuals were included in a cluster of transmission, and 92% (137 of 149) of them were MSM. CONCLUSION The MSM population has progressively grown within acutely/recently infected patients in Barcelona, and is frequently involved in transmission clusters. Although the time between diagnosis and treatment has been reduced, the time between infection and diagnosis still needs to be shortened.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nicolás
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ambrosioni
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E de Lazzari
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Suarez
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Manzardo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Agüero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Mosquera
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Costa
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ligero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Á Marcos
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sánchez-Palomino
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Fernández
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Plana
- Retrovirology and Viral Immunopathology Laboratory, AIDS Research Group, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Yerly
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M Gatell
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Cristelli MP, Cofán F, Rico N, Trullàs JC, Manzardo C, Agüero F, Bedini JL, Moreno A, Oppenheimer F, Miro JM. Estimation of renal function by CKD-EPI versus MDRD in a cohort of HIV-infected patients: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:58. [PMID: 28183270 PMCID: PMC5301369 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurately determining renal function is essential for clinical management of HIV patients. Classically, it has been evaluated by estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with the MDRD-equation, but today there is evidence that the new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation has greater diagnostic accuracy. To date, however, little information exists on patients with HIV-infection. This study aimed to evaluate eGFR by CKD-EPI vs. MDRD equations and to stratify renal function according to KDIGO guidelines. Methods Cross-sectional, single center study including adult patients with HIV-infection. Results Four thousand five hundred three patients with HIV-infection (864 women; 19%) were examined. Median age was 45 years (IQR 37–52), and median baseline creatinine was 0.93 mg/dL (IQR 0.82–1.05). A similar distribution of absolute measures of eGFR was found using both formulas (p = 0.548). Baseline median eGFR was 95.2 and 90.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 for CKD-EPI and MDRD equations (p < 0.001), respectively. Of the 4503 measurements, 4109 (91.2%) agreed, with a kappa index of 0.803. MDRD classified 7.3% of patients as “mild reduced GFR” who were classified as “normal function” with CKD-EPI. Using CKD-EPI, it was possible to identify “normal function” (>90 mL/min/1.73 m2) in 73% patients and “mild reduced GFR” (60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2) in 24.3% of the patients, formerly classified as >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with MDRD. Conclusions There was good correlation between CKD-EPI and MDRD. Estimating renal function using CKD-EPI equation allowed better staging of renal function and should be considered the method of choice. CKD-EPI identified a significant proportion of patients (24%) with mild reduced GFR (60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2).
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Cristelli
- Kidney Transplant Division, Hospital do Rim (São Paulo, Brazil), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Cofán
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Rico
- Core Laboratory, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J C Trullàs
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Olot, Girona, Spain.,Medical Sciences Department, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - C Manzardo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Agüero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Bedini
- Core Laboratory, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Oppenheimer
- Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Miro
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic - IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a lifelong and debilitating illness of major significance throughout Latin America and an emergent threat to global public health. Being a neglected disease, the vast majority of Chagasic patients have limited access to proper diagnosis and treatment, and there is only a marginal investment into R&D for drug and vaccine development. In this context, identification of novel biomarkers able to transcend the current limits of diagnostic methods surfaces as a main priority in Chagas disease applied research. The expectation is that these novel biomarkers will provide reliable, reproducible and accurate results irrespective of the genetic background, infecting parasite strain, stage of disease, and clinical-associated features of Chagasic populations. In addition, they should be able to address other still unmet diagnostic needs, including early detection of congenital T. cruzi transmission, rapid assessment of treatment efficiency or failure, indication/prediction of disease progression and direct parasite typification in clinical samples. The lack of access of poor and neglected populations to essential diagnostics also stresses the necessity of developing new methods operational in point-of-care settings. In summary, emergent diagnostic tests integrating these novel and tailored tools should provide a significant impact on the effectiveness of current intervention schemes and on the clinical management of Chagasic patients. In this chapter, we discuss the present knowledge and possible future steps in Chagas disease diagnostic applications, as well as the opportunity provided by recent advances in high-throughput methods for biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balouz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Agüero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C A Buscaglia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas - Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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6
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Ambrosioni J, Nicolás D, Manzardo C, Agüero F, Blanco JL, Mosquera MM, Peñafiel J, Gatell JM, Marcos MA, Miró JM. Integrase strand-transfer inhibitor polymorphic and accessory resistance substitutions in patients with acute/recent HIV infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 72:205-209. [PMID: 27624569 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The most recent guidelines suggest using integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) as the preferred antiretroviral regimens for naive HIV-infected individuals. However, resistance to InSTIs is not monitored in many centres at baseline. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of InSTI resistance substitutions in newly diagnosed patients with acute/recent HIV infection. METHODS Genotypic drug resistance tests were performed in all consecutive patients prospectively enrolled with a documented infection of <6 months, from 12 May 2015 to 12 May 2016. Sequences were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Five out of 36 consecutive patients (13.89%, 95% CI = 4.67-29.5) with acute/recent HIV infection were detected to have strains carrying InSTI polymorphisms or substitutions conferring low-level resistance to raltegravir and elvitegravir. Four patients had the 157Q polymorphism and one patient had the Q95K substitution. All cases were MSM patients infected with subtype B strains. Viral loads ranged from 2.92 to 6.95 log10 copies/mL. In all cases, the mutational viral load was high. Three patients initiated dolutegravir-based regimens and became undetectable at first viral load control. There were no major viral or epidemiological differences when compared with patients without InSTI substitutions. CONCLUSIONS Although signature InSTI substitutions (such as Y143R/C, N155H or Q148K/R/H) were not detected, polymorphisms and substitutions conferring low-level resistance to raltegravir and elvitegravir were frequently found in a baseline genotypic test. All cases were infected with subtype B, the most frequent in Europe. In the context of primary HIV infection, virological response should be carefully monitored to evaluate the impact of these InSTI polymorphisms and substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ambrosioni
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Nicolás
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Manzardo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Agüero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J L Blanco
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M M Mosquera
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic-ISGLOBAL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Peñafiel
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Gatell
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Marcos
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology Service, Hospital Clinic-ISGLOBAL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Agüero F, Rimola A, Stock P, Grossi P, Rockstroh JK, Agarwal K, Garzoni C, Barcan LA, Maltez F, Manzardo C, Mari M, Ragni MV, Anadol E, Di Benedetto F, Nishida S, Gastaca M, Miró JM. Liver Retransplantation in Patients With HIV-1 Infection: An International Multicenter Cohort Study. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:679-87. [PMID: 26415077 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver retransplantation is performed in HIV-infected patients, although its outcome is not well known. In an international cohort study (eight countries), 37 (6%; 32 coinfected with hepatitis C virus [HCV] and five with hepatitis B virus [HBV]) of 600 HIV-infected patients who had undergone liver transplant were retransplanted. The main indications for retransplantation were vascular complications (35%), primary graft nonfunction (22%), rejection (19%), and HCV recurrence (13%). Overall, 19 patients (51%) died after retransplantation. Survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 56%, 51%, and 51%, respectively. Among patients with HCV coinfection, HCV RNA replication status at retransplantation was the only significant prognostic factor. Patients with undetectable versus detectable HCV RNA had a survival probability of 80% versus 39% at 1 year and 80% versus 30% at 3 and 5 years (p = 0.025). Recurrence of hepatitis C was the main cause of death in the latter. Patients with HBV coinfection had survival of 80% at 1, 3, and 5 years after retransplantation. HIV infection was adequately controlled with antiretroviral therapy. In conclusion, liver retransplantation is an acceptable option for HIV-infected patients with HBV or HCV coinfection but undetectable HCV RNA. Retransplantation in patients with HCV replication should be reassessed prospectively in the era of new direct antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Agüero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Rimola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, and CIBEREHD, Spain
| | - P Stock
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - P Grossi
- Infectious Diseases Section, Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese and National Center for Transplantation, Rome, Italy
| | - J K Rockstroh
- Department of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Garzoni
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland and Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern and University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L A Barcan
- Infectious Disease Section, Internal Medicine, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Maltez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Manzardo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mari
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M V Ragni
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - E Anadol
- Department of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Di Benedetto
- HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - S Nishida
- Miami Transplant Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - M Gastaca
- Liver Transplantation Unit, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - J M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Agüero F, Castel MA, Cocchi S, Moreno A, Mestres CA, Cervera C, Pérez-Villa F, Tuset M, Cartañà R, Manzardo C, Guaraldi G, Gatell JM, Miró JM. An Update on Heart Transplantation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:21-8. [PMID: 26523614 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become a significant cause of morbidity in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Heart transplantation (HT) is a well-established treatment of end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and is performed in selected HIV-infected patients in developed countries. Few data are available on the prognosis of HIV-infected patients undergoing HT in the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) because current evidence is limited to small retrospective cohorts, case series, and case reports. Many HT centers consider HIV infection to be a contraindication for HT; however, in the era of cART, HT recipients with HIV infection seem to achieve satisfactory outcomes without developing HIV-related events. Consequently, selected HIV-infected patients with ESHF who are taking effective cART should be considered candidates for HT. The present review provides epidemiological data on ESHF in HIV-infected patients from all published experience on HT in HIV-infected patients since the beginning of the epidemic. The practical management of these patients is discussed, with emphasis on the challenging issues that must be addressed in the pretransplant (including HIV criteria) and posttransplant periods. Finally, proposals are made for future management and research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Agüero
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Castel
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Cardiology Department, Thorax Institut, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Cocchi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - A Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C A Mestres
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Thorax Institute Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Cervera
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Pérez-Villa
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Cardiology Department, Thorax Institut, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Tuset
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Cartañà
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Thorax Institute Service, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Manzardo
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Guaraldi
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - J M Gatell
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Miró
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Miro J, Agüero F, Duclos-Vallée JC, Mueller N, Grossi P, Moreno A. Infections in solid organ transplant HIV-infected patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 Suppl 7:119-30. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Miro JM, Montejo M, Castells L, Rafecas A, Moreno S, Agüero F, Abradelo M, Miralles P, Torre-Cisneros J, Pedreira JD, Cordero E, de la Rosa G, Moyano B, Moreno A, Perez I, Rimola A. Outcome of HCV/HIV-coinfected liver transplant recipients: a prospective and multicenter cohort study. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:1866-76. [PMID: 22471341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Eighty-four HCV/HIV-coinfected and 252-matched HCV-monoinfected liver transplant recipients were included in a prospective multicenter study. Thirty-six (43%) HCV/HIV-coinfected and 75 (30%) HCV-monoinfected patients died, with a survival rate at 5 years of 54% (95% CI, 42-64) and 71% (95% CI, 66 to 77; p = 0.008), respectively. When both groups were considered together, HIV infection was an independent predictor of mortality (HR, 2.202; 95% CI, 1.420-3.413 [p < 0.001]). Multivariate analysis of only the HCV/HIV-coinfected recipients, revealed HCV genotype 1 (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.32-6.76), donor risk index (HR, 9.48; 95% CI, 2.75-32.73) and negative plasma HCV RNA (HR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03-0.62) to be associated with mortality. When this analysis was restricted to pretransplant variables, we identified three independent factors (HCV genotype 1, pretransplant MELD score and centers with <1 liver transplantation/year in HIV-infected patients) that allowed us to identify a subset of 60 (71%) patients with a similar 5-year prognosis (69%[95% CI, 54-80]) to that of HCV-monoinfected recipients. In conclusion, 5-year survival in HCV/HIV-coinfected liver recipients was lower than in HCV-monoinfected recipients, although an important subset with a favorable prognosis was identified in the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Miro
- Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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del Saz SV, Sued O, Falcó V, Agüero F, Crespo M, Pumarola T, Curran A, Gatell JM, Pahissa A, Miró JM, Ribera E. Acute meningoencephalitis due to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in 13 patients: clinical description and follow-up. J Neurovirol 2010; 14:474-9. [PMID: 19037815 DOI: 10.1080/13550280802195367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe a series of cases of severe meningitis caused by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurring during primary infection or after antiretroviral treatment interruption. In an observational cohort study, 13 patients with clinical diagnosis of meningitis or meningoencephalitis were reviewed. Ten cases occurred during primary HIV-1 infection and 3 after antiretroviral therapy (ART) withdrawal. Demographic parameters, clinical presentation and outcome, and laboratory and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters were recorded. The risk factor for HIV-1 infection acquisition was sexual transmission in all cases. The most frequent systemic symptoms were fever (12/13) and headeache (9/13). Among neurologic symptoms, focal signs appeared in seven patients (53.8%), confusion in six (46.2%), and agitation in five (38.5%). The median CD4 cell count was 434 cells/mm3. In all cases, CSF was a clear lymphocytaire fluid with normal glucose levels. Cranial computerized tomography was performed in seven patients, with a normal result in all of them; brain magnetic resonance in eight patients was normal in five cases and showing cortical atrophy, limbic encephalitis, and leptomeningeal enhancement in one patient each. The electroencephalographs (EEG) just showed diffuse dysfunction in three cases. ART was started in 11 patients. HIV RNA load at 12 months was <50 copies/ml in all treated patients. The 13 patients recovered without neurologic sequela. Meningitis or meningoencephalitis during primary HIV-1 infection or after ART cessation are unusual but sometimes a life-threatening manifestation. Although all patients tend to recover and the necessity of ART is not well established, some data suggest its potential benefit in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Villar del Saz
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Infectious Diseases Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Santa Cruz PL, Barile M, Sánchez O, Agüero F. [Rhabdomyolysis caused by antilipemic agents in a patient with terminal nephropathy undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)]. Nefrologia 2002; 22:87-8. [PMID: 11987693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
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SantaCruz PL, Sánchez O, González A, Agüero F, Agüero C. The altruistic living donor: a commentary and two questions. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2001; 16:2109-10. [PMID: 11572911 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/16.10.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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14
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Cubilla AL, Piris A, Pfannl R, Rodriguez I, Agüero F, Young RH. Anatomic levels: important landmarks in penectomy specimens: a detailed anatomic and histologic study based on examination of 44 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2001; 25:1091-4. [PMID: 11474296 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200108000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority of squamous cell carcinomas of the penis arise from the glans, and the prognosis is related significantly to the depth of invasion of crucial anatomic landmarks. Accurate information related to this can only be obtained when specimens are carefully evaluated grossly. Most pathologists in developed countries encounter resected specimens of penile carcinoma infrequently, and gross evaluation is occasionally suboptimal, potentially preventing obtaining reliable prognostic information. The four distinct levels of the glans penis are the epithelium, lamina propria, corpus spongiosum, and corpus cavernosum. A simple method for pathologic evaluation of the glans is presented. Noteworthy findings in our study of a South American population were that the distance from the lamina propria to tunica albuginea ranged from 7 to 13 to 6 mm at the dorsal, central, and ventral areas of the corpus spongiosum, respectively. The most distal portion of the corpus cavernosum was located within the glans in 34 of 44 cases and in the body of the penis in only 10. The corpus spongiosum was thinner in the former cases. These anatomic variations may bear on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cubilla
- Instituto de Patologia e Investigacion, Asuncion, Paraguay
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Santacruz PL, Agüero F, León ME, Córdoba Z. [Acute renal insufficiency and interstitial nephritis caused by rifampicin. A comment on this subject]. Nefrologia 2001; 21:323. [PMID: 11471316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
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16
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Sánchez DO, Zandomeni RO, Cravero S, Verdún RE, Pierrou E, Faccio P, Diaz G, Lanzavecchia S, Agüero F, Frasch AC, Andersson SG, Rossetti OL, Grau O, Ugalde RA. Gene discovery through genomic sequencing of Brucella abortus. Infect Immun 2001; 69:865-8. [PMID: 11159979 PMCID: PMC97963 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.2.865-868.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is the etiological agent of brucellosis, a disease that affects bovines and human. We generated DNA random sequences from the genome of B. abortus strain 2308 in order to characterize molecular targets that might be useful for developing immunological or chemotherapeutic strategies against this pathogen. The partial sequencing of 1,899 clones allowed the identification of 1,199 genomic sequence surveys (GSSs) with high homology (BLAST expect value < 10(-5)) to sequences deposited in the GenBank databases. Among them, 925 represent putative novel genes for the Brucella genus. Out of 925 nonredundant GSSs, 470 were classified in 15 categories based on cellular function. Seven hundred GSSs showed no significant database matches and remain available for further studies in order to identify their function. A high number of GSSs with homology to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Rhizobium meliloti proteins were observed, thus confirming their close phylogenetic relationship. Among them, several GSSs showed high similarity with genes related to nodule nitrogen fixation, synthesis of nod factors, nodulation protein symbiotic plasmid, and nodule bacteroid differentiation. We have also identified several B. abortus homologs of virulence and pathogenesis genes from other pathogens, including a homolog to both the Shda gene from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and the AidA-1 gene from Escherichia coli. Other GSSs displayed significant homologies to genes encoding components of the type III and type IV secretion machineries, suggesting that Brucella might also have an active type III secretion machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, CONICET/UNSAM, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Agüero F, Verdún RE, Frasch AC, Sánchez DO. A random sequencing approach for the analysis of the Trypanosoma cruzi genome: general structure, large gene and repetitive DNA families, and gene discovery. Genome Res 2000; 10:1996-2005. [PMID: 11116094 PMCID: PMC313047 DOI: 10.1101/gr.gr-1463r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2000] [Accepted: 09/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A random sequence survey of the genome of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, was performed and 11,459 genomic sequences were obtained, resulting in approximately 4.3 Mb of readable sequences or approximately 10% of the parasite haploid genome. The estimated total GC content was 50.9%, with a high representation of A and T di- and trinucleotide repeats. Out of the estimated 5000 parasite genes, 947 putative new genes were identified. Another 1723 sequences corresponded to genes detected previously in T. cruzi through expression sequence tag analysis. 7735 sequences had no matches in the database, but the presence of open reading frames that passed Fickett's test suggests that some might contain coding DNA. The survey was highly redundant, with approximately 35% of the sequences included in a few large sequence families. Some of them code for protein families present in dozens of copies, including proteins essential for parasite survival and retrotransposons. Other sequence families include repetitive DNA present in thousands of copies per haploid genome. Some families in the latter group are new, parasite-specific, repetitive DNAs. These results suggest that T. cruzi could constitute an interesting model to analyze gene and genome evolution due to its plasticity in terms of sequence amplification and divergence. Additional information can be found at http://www.iib.unsam.edu.ar/tcruzi.gss. html.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Agüero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
A study was carried out on T. cruzi infection in pregnant women in the Guemes area in Salta province; the rate of infection was 12.3%. Of newborn children studied by the microhematocrit technique, 8.8% were diagnosed with Chagas' disease. All of them were treated with benznidazol (5mg/kg/day) for one month; all of them presented anemia, which was interpreted to be an adverse drug reaction. The microhematocrit technique is believed to represent the best option for diagnosis of this disease in newborn children. A diagnostic methodology to follow the course of the infection is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Contreras
- Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Dr. Joaquín Castellanos, Salta, Argentina
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Agüero F, Repetto Y, Hellman U, Cazzulo JJ. Purification and partial characterization of the cytosolic malate dehydrogenase from protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1995; 72:247-51. [PMID: 8538696 DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(95)00093-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Agüero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Luis F. Leloir, Fundación Campomar, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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