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Martini M, Altomonte I, Sodi I, Vasylieva Y, Salari F. Sterol, tocopherol, and bioactive fatty acid differences between conventional, high-quality, and organic cow milk. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8239-8248. [PMID: 37641300 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Milk contains several components that are important for human nutrition and health. To date, studies on organic and conventional milk have focused on their gross composition and fatty acid content, but little attention has been paid to the differences between other minor components, such as sterols and vitamins that may have functional actions. The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional differences among 3 types of milk from a dairy plant: conventional, high-quality, and organic (in compliance with European regulations) milk, focusing on minor components such as sterols of animal and plant origin (phytosterols), tocopherols, and bioactive fatty acids. Cholesterol ranged from 271.37 mg/100 g of fat in conventional milk to 278.76 mg/100 g of fat in organic milk. Lanosterol was the main minor animal sterol in cow milk (ranging from 3.41 to 4.37 mg/100 g of fat), followed by desmosterol. The amount of total plant sterols in the analyzed milk ranged from 4.43 mg/100 g of fat in organic to 4.71 mg/100 g of fat in high-quality milk. Brassicasterol was the main sterol of plant origin which varied from 2.6 mg/100 g of fat in conventional and organic milk, to 2.93 mg/100 g of fat in high-quality milk. The second most present phytosterol was β-sitosterol, which ranged from 0.86 mg/100 g of fat in conventional to 0.97 mg/100 g of fat in high-quality, and organic milk. The results of the study showed no significant differences in gross and sterol composition between the 3 types of milk. However, the only significant difference found was in the fatty acid profile, with a higher n-3 content found in high-quality milk than in conventional and organic milk. These findings suggest that the investigated product categories and labels have minimal effect on the sterol and fatty acid profile of commercial cow milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center, Nutrafood, Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - I Altomonte
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy.
| | - I Sodi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Y Vasylieva
- State Biotechnological University (SBTU), 62483 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - F Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy
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Martini M, Altomonte I, Licitra R, Bartaloni FV, Salari F. A preliminary investigation into the unsaponifiable fraction of donkey milk: Sterols of animal origin, phytosterols, and tocopherols. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1378-1383. [PMID: 33189282 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the main sterols, phytosterols, and the α- and γ-tocopherol content in donkey milk during the first 2 mo of lactation. Cholesterol was the main sterol in milk (mean ± standard deviation = 0.97 ± 0.443 g/100 g of fat). Lanosterol was the main minor sterol of animal origin, followed by desmosterol (0.003 ± 0.001 and 0.001 ± 0.001 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Of the phytosterols, β-sitosterol was the main sterol of vegetal origin in donkey milk (0.005 ± 0.002 g/100 g of fat), but lower levels of campesterol, brassicasterol, and stigmasterol were also recorded. Mean levels of α- and γ-tocopherol were 0.01 ± 0.007 and 0.003 ± 0.001 g/100 g of fat, respectively. We observed no significant changes in sterol or tocopherol content during the first 2 mo of lactation. The presence of lanosterol in donkey milk is of particular interest, because lanosterol is a potential drug and has important physiological effects. The presence of phytosterols, which are considered nutraceutical molecules, enhances the nutritional quality of donkey milk fat for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health," University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - I Altomonte
- Interdepartmental Center for Agricultural and Environmental Research "E. Avanzi," University of Pisa, San Piero a Gardo (PI) 56122, Italy.
| | - R Licitra
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - F V Bartaloni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - F Salari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Pisa 56124, Italy
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Baniadam L, Arshi S, Nabavi M, Yousefi A, Fallahpour M, Shokri S, Zare Mehrjerdi F, Salari F, Bemanian MH. Can concurrent lower gastrointestinal manifestations help the timely diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in CVID patients? Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 53:18-22. [PMID: 32186350 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary Introduction and objective. Gastrointestinal complications are considered as one of the most common manifestations in patients with Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID). These complications can result from Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). Hydrogen breath test is extensively used to diagnose SIBO. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SIBO using the Hydrogen Breath Test (HBT) in patients with CVID. Materials and methods. Twenty-seven patients with CVID entered this cross-sectional study. Demographic and lower gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded in a check list. Hemoglobin level was measured in all patients. The concentration of IgA and IgG was assessed using nephelometry. Moreover, SIBO was detected by means of Glucose hydrogen breath test. Results. The mean (plus-minus SD) age of the patients was 35.25 (plus-minus 11.69) years. Twenty patients (74.1%) manifested at least one lower gastrointestinal symptom. The most frequent lower gastrointestinal manifestations were bloating (66.7%) and chronic diarrhea (40.7%), respectively. IgA level less than 10 mg/dl and IgG level less than 600 mg/dl were determined in 77.8% and 25.9% of patients, respectively. Positive HBT was detected in 40.7% (n = 11) of the patients. In the positive HBT group, bloating, chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain were the most common lower GI manifestations. There was no significant difference in terms of age, BMI, IgA level, and duration of CVID between the positive and negative HBT groups. The significant association of co-occurrence of anemia and abdominal pain with positive HBT (positive predictive value: 100%) might be considered as a clue to SIBO diagnosis. Conclusions. Regarding the high prevalence and non-specific manifestation of SIBO, it is suggested to consider concurrent symptoms in patients with CVID to manage the timely and precise diagnosis of SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baniadam
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Arshi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Nabavi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Yousefi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Fallahpour
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Shokri
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Zare Mehrjerdi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - F Salari
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Bemanian
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Rasool e Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Fanelli D, Tesi M, Bagnato G, Salari F, Martini M, Panzani D, Camillo F, Rota A. New simplified protocols for timed artificial insemination (TAI) in milk-producing donkeys. Theriogenology 2019; 139:126-131. [PMID: 31401478 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the outcome of two new timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols in a milk-producing donkey farm. Ninety Amiata jennies were inseminated at the moment of ovulation induction with hCG, with fresh-transported semen that had been stored at room temperature from 3 up to 6 h, with an approximate average storage time of 4 h and a half. In both protocols, on Day 0 jennies were treated with alfaprostol (PGF2α), and on Day 7 they were checked by ultrasound (US) and, if in estrus, they were treated in order to induce ovulation and were then artificially inseminated. In the slow-short TAI protocol, jennies not already inseminated were treated again with PGF2α at Day 14. On day 21 US was repeated and estrus jennies were induced to ovulate and inseminated. In the fast-long TAI protocol, US was performed once a week in jennies not already inseminated and if found in estrus, they were induced to ovulate and inseminated, while those not in estrus were treated again with PGF2α. This protocol was repeated for up to nine weeks. The rates of inseminated/treated, pregnant/inseminated and pregnant/treated jennies were 76%, 56% and 43% for the slow-short TAI protocol and 94%, 47% and 44% for the fast-long TAI protocol. The age class and the lactation status of the jennies had no significant effect on synchronization success or final pregnancy rate. This study demonstrates that it is possible to achieve reasonable pregnancy rates through simplified TAI protocols in jennies, reducing animal handling to a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy.
| | - M Tesi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - G Bagnato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - F Salari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - M Martini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - D Panzani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - F Camillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
| | - A Rota
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Livornese, 56124, San Piero a Grado, PI, Italy
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Moradpoor H, Salari F, Ebadian B, Raissi S, Shirani M. Patient satisfaction with occlusal scheme of conventional complete dentures: A randomised clinical trial (Part II). J Oral Rehabil 2018; 45:702-709. [PMID: 29851120 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The occlusion of choice is a controversial topic in conventional complete denture (CCD) treatment. This study aimed to compare patient satisfaction with CCD with partially group-function occlusion (PGFO), fully bilateral balanced occlusion (FBBO), buccalised occlusion (BO), lingualised occlusion (LO) and the entire balanced group. Participants received new CCDs with PGFO. All steps of patient enrolment, denture fabrication, assessments during the follow-up period and data collection were carried out exactly the same as part 1 of this research project. All patients were recalled at 1 and 3 months after delivery for data collection using the shortened version of oral health impact profile for edentulous patients (OHIP-EDENT) questionnaire and 7 visual analog scales (VASs) for the quality of CCD based on general patient satisfaction, masticatory function, ability to speak, comfort, stability, retention and aesthetics. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test via SPSS version 18.0 (α = 0.05). Thirty participants completed the follow-up period for PGFO group. The mean age ± standard deviation of the new participants was 57.97 ± 6.93 years. Participants reported significantly less satisfaction in terms of comfort, stability and retention of denture with PGFO compared to balanced groups. Also, using OHIP-EDENT questionnaire, significantly higher physical pain score was noted for PGFO group compared to BO and LO. Higher physical disability score was noted in PGFO compared to LO. Participants receiving CCDs with PGFO reported lower satisfaction in terms of comfort, stability and retention of denture and higher physical pain and physical disability than the balanced occlusal schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moradpoor
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - F Salari
- Dental Students' Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - B Ebadian
- Dental Implants Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Raissi
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Shirani
- Prosthodontics, Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Martini M, Cecchi F, Scolozzi C, Salari F, Chiatti F, Chessa S, Caroli A. The influence of β-lactoglobulin genetic polymorphism on morphometric characteristics of milk fat globules and milk fatty acids composition in Italian Friesian cow. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Martini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Scolozzi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Salari
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Chiatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - S. Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - A. Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
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Corrias F, Brajon G, Salari F, Dal Prà A, Ragona G, Lombardo A, Mari M, Altomonte I, Colombani G, Pedri P, Scotti B, Martini M. Health evaluation in the native Garfagnina goat. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Martini M, Salari F, Altomonte I, Rignanese D, Chessa S, Gigliotti C, Caroli A. The Garfagnina goat: a zootechnical overview of a local dairy population. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4659-67. [PMID: 20855000 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Domestic livestock with a limited distribution are increasingly recognized in the action plans of the European Union as a reason for protecting rural land. The preservation and enhancement of the native germplasm and traits selected through the ages in different areas of farming is the first step in increasing typical products at a time when high quality products are increasingly in demand. This is the first time that a zootechnical overview has been performed on the Italian native goat population named "Garfagnina," which is registered on the Tuscan regional repertory of genetic resources at risk of extinction. The aim of the study was to give added value to this population by focusing on particular traits that could be used for promoting typical products. Data on the size of the local goats, zoometric measures, breeding system, milk quality, and genetic polymorphisms were collected to get insight into the current state of the population of this type of goat. The native goat population is reared in Tuscany in central Italy, mostly for its milk. The local goat farms considered in our study are located in the hills and mountains of the northwestern Tuscan Apennine area. For every farm we measured at least 10% of the reproductive females (273), randomly chosen, and all reproductive males (47) for a total of 320 subjects. Regarding the management of the animals and the feeding system, semi-extensive farming is practiced in all the flocks. From a morphological point of view the animals are relatively homogeneous, especially in terms of zoometric data, whereas they show a wider variability regarding coat. Milk gross and fatty acid composition were similar to that reported in the literature for bulk goat milk. Moreover, the average of somatic cell count and standard plate count found in Garfagnina goat milk indicated good hygienic farm management and correct milking practices, although milking is mainly manual. The average number of globules per milliliter found in Garfagnina goat milk was almost double compared with the literature, whereas the average diameter was lower. Milk coagulation properties were scarce, thus indicating poor cheesemaking aptitude of Garfagnina milk. Selecting haplotypes carrying alleles associated with a higher expression of the specific casein could help improve milk cheesemaking aptitude. Moreover, the rather high frequency of the faint CSN1S1*F allele and the occurrence of CSN2*0 might suggest that Garfagnina goat milk could be used, after an appropriate selection, for direct consumption of milk at low casein content for intolerant human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, 56124 Italy.
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Martini M, Mele M, Scolozzi C, Salari F, Secchiari P, Verità P. Relationship between fat globule size and fatty acid composition in ewe’s milk. Ital J Animal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.535ijas.2007.1s.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tajik N, Salari F, Ghods AJ, Hajilooi M, Radjabzadeh MF, Mousavi T. Association between recipient ICAM-1 K469 allele and renal allograft acute rejection. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:9-13. [PMID: 18186794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Tajik
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Martini M, Scolozzi C, Cecchi F, Mele M, Salari F. Relationship between morphometric characteristics of milk fat globules and the cheese making aptitude of sheep's milk. Small Rumin Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tajik N, Salari F, Hajilooi M, Amoli M, Salekmoghaddam A. Rapid detection of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (G241R and K469E) polymorphisms by a novel PCR-SSP assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 69:338-41. [PMID: 17389018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is actively involved in immune and inflammatory responses. We introduce a novel polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) method for rapid and simultaneous genotyping of ICAM-1 G241R and K469E polymorphisms. In a total of 184 DNA samples that have been previously analyzed for these polymorphisms using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, re-genotyping of all samples with this new assay showed accurate and reproducible results. As PCR-SSP-based genotyping protocols are more convenient and cost-effective to do, it could therefore offer a valuable tool for assessment of ICAM-1 polymorphisms to which more confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tajik
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Martini M, Scolozzi C, Cecchi F, Salari F, Verità P. Study on chemical and fatty acid modifications of cow’s milk in relation to fat globules diameter. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2005. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2005.2s.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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