[Analysis of the reentry status of blood donors with reactive bloodborne pathogen screening markers in Hangzhou City]

Objective: To explore the reentry rate of reactive blood donors in the bloodborne pathogen infection screening in Hangzhou City, and analyze the donation behavior of those who successfully returned. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the return data of blood donors with reactive bloodborne pathogen screening markers was conducted at Zhejiang Provincial Blood Center from June 2017 to May 2022. The reentry process for blood donors with reactive bloodborne pathogen screening markers in Hangzhou City is as follows: after the initial screening period of 6 months, donors can voluntarily apply for return to the blood center. Samples are collected and subjected to routine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening for HBsAg, anti-HCV, HIV Ab/Ag, and anti-TP, as well as a single nucleic acid (HIV/HCV/HBV) test. For samples that show non-reactivity in both ELISA and nucleic acid tests, serum biomarker testing for the reasons of exclusion is performed using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), and those with non-reactivity are allowed to return. Results: A total of 4 583 reactive blood donors who met the criteria for re-entry applied for reentry, out of which 475 applications were received from donors in the Hangzhou area. Among these, 279 donors were successfully readmitted, resulting in a success rate of 58.74% (279/475). By the end of December 2021, out of the 174 donors who successfully returned, 114 donors chose to donate again. They collectively donated 39 530 ml of whole blood and 1 147.2 therapeutic doses of platelets. Among these, 21 donors once again showed reactivity for pathogen infection biomarkers, accounting for 18.42% (21/114). Conclusion: The reentry strategy has somewhat mitigated the attrition of blood donors. Nevertheless, there are instances where donors who were successfully readmitted show reactivity once more in the screening for pathogen infection biomarkers.

The novel HLA-A*02:625 allele was identified in a Chinese bone marrow donor

HLA-A*02:625 differs from HLA-A*02:06:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 806 C>T.

Characterization of a novel allelic variant in HLA-B*40 lineage, HLA-B*40:298:02, by cloning and sequencing

A novel allelic variant in HLA-B*40 lineage, HLA-B*40:298:02, has been identified in an individual of Han ethnicity afflicted with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hunan province, southern China. Following polymerase chain reaction-Sanger sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new variant was further confirmed by two distinct strategies of cloning and sequencing. HLA-B*40:298:02 differs from HLA-B*40:298:01 by a single synonymous cytosine substitution at nucleotide position 26 (T→C) in exon 3, which corresponds to codon 99 of the mature HLA-B mRNA molecule. This new allele has an estimated frequency of 0.0002, in about 2,500 sequence-based typed subjects from the same population.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*13:98 allele in a Chinese individual

HLA-B*13:98 differs from HLA-B*13:02:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 193 A>G.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*27:04:06 allele in a Chinese bone marrow donor

HLA-B*27:04:06 differs from HLA-B*27:04:01 by a single-nucleotide substitution at position 396 C > A.

Characterization of a novel HLA-B*39:01:01-related allele, HLA-B*39:130, by cloning and phasing

A novel HLA-B*39:01:01-related variant, HLA-B*39:130, has been identified in a normal individual of Han ethnicity in Hunan province, southern China. Following Sanger polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning, phasing and sequencing. Aligned with HLA-B*39:01:01, HLA-B*39:130 has a nonsynonymous thymine substitution at nucleotide position 94 in exon 4, resulting in amino acid change from threonine to isoleucine at codon 214 (ACA→ATA) of the mature HLA-BmRNA molecule.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*27:147 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing

HLA-B*27:147 differs from HLA-B*27:04:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 523 C>G.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*40:01:41 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese cord blood donor

HLA-B*40:01:41 differs from HLA-B*40:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 195 G>A.

A new MICA allele, MICA*007:07, characterized by cloning and sequencing

A new MICA allelic variant, MICA*007:07, was identified in an individual of Mongol ethnicity in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China. Following polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning and sequencing. MICA*007:07 differs from MICA*007:01 by a synonymous mutation from G to A at the 2nd nucleotide position in exon 2. MICA*007:07 was linked to HLA-B*27:05.

Identification of 2 novel HLA-B alleles, HLA-B*55:02:09 and HLA-B*55:80 in Chinese individuals

HLA-B*55:02:09 and HLA-B*55:80 differ from HLA-B*55:02:01 by 1 single nucleotide substitution, respectively.

Identification of the novel null allele, HLA-C*01:109N, using polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese leukemia patient

HLA-C*01:109N differs from HLA-C*01:02:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 683 G > A.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*13:83 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese cord blood donor

HLA-B*13:83 differs from HLA-B*13:01:01 by 2 nucleotide substitutions at positions 103 and 106.

A frame shift due to a two-nucleotide insertion results in the an HLA-B null allele, B*39:97N

HLA-B*39:97N differs from HLA-B*39:01:01 by a two nucleotide insertion at position 604-605.

A novel allele, HLA-A*33:97 was identified in a Chinese bone marrow donor

HLA-A*33:97 has one base substitution at position 287 A>T in exon 2 compared to HLA-A*33:03:01.

Characterization of a novel MICA allele, MICA*012:05, by cloning and sequencing

A new MICA allelic variant, MICA*012:05, has been identified in a Chinese Mongolian population. Following polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning and sequencing. MICA*012:05 was linked to an HLA-A*24-C*01-B*55:02-DRB1*09 haplotype. MICA*012:05 differs from MICA*012:01 by a single synonymous C to T substitution at nucleotide position 269 in exon 3.

Identification of the novel HLA-DRB1*12:50 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese individual

HLA-DRB1*12:50 is different from HLA-DRB1*12:02:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 320 A>C.

Identification of the novel KIR2DL2*00103 allele in a Chinese individual by sequence-based typing

The KIR2DL2*00103 allele is different from KIR2DL2*00101 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 996 C>T.

A novel HLA-A*02 allele, A*02:543 was identified by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese cord blood donor

HLA-A*02:543 differ from HLA-A*02:12 by two nucleotide substitutions.

Identification of two novel HLA-A alleles, HLA-A*03:181 and HLA-A*03:229 in Chinese individuals

HLA-A*03:181 and HLA-A*03:229 differ from HLA-A*03:01:01:01 by one and three nucleotide substitutions, respectively.

A novel allele, HLA-B*55:70 was identified in a Chinese cord blood donor

HLA-B*55:70 has one base substitution at position 199 C>T in exon 2 compared to HLA-B*55:02:01.

Two novel HLA-A alleles: A*24:258 and A*24:305 were identified in Chinese individuals

Both HLA-A*24:258 and HLA-A*24:305 differ from HLA-A*24:01:01:01 by single nucleotide substitutions.

Identification of a novel HLA-B*54:34 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese leukemia patient

HLA-B*54:34 is different from HLA-A*54:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 343 G>A.

Characterization of a new HLA-A allele, HLA-A*02:07:08, by cloning and sequencing

In this report, we present a novel HLA-A*02:07 allele, HLA-A*02:07:08. HLA-A*02:07:08 was identified in an individual of Han ethnicity in Hunan province, southern China. Following polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT), this new allele was further confirmed by cloning and sequencing. HLA-A*02:07:08 differs from HLA-A*02:07:01 by a single synonymous C to T substitution at nucleotide position 131 in exon 3.

A novel HLA allele, HLA-DQB1*02:57, was identified by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese individual

HLA-DQB1*02:57 has one base substitution at position 260 T>C in exon 2 from HLA-DQB1*02:01:01.

Sequence-based typing of HLA-A gene in 930 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hunan province, southern China

In this study, we typed 930 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1134 normal controls recruited from Hunan province, southern China for human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A) locus by sequencing exons 2-4. Very significant associations between HLA-A*02:07, HLA-A*11:01 and NPC were established [25.7% vs 16.18%; odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.79 (1.54-2.09), P < 0.0001 and 21.1% vs 30.42%, OR (95% CI) = 0.61 (0.53-0.70), P<0.0001, respectively]. Further analysis of the molecular basis underlying these associations suggests that cysteine (C) at codon 99 of α2-helix of HLA-A protein is probably deleterious and confers risk to NPC. Convincing evidence was uncovered for negative association of a rare allele in southern Chinese populations, HLA-A*31:01, with NPC [0.22% vs 2.12%, OR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.04-0.28), P < 0.0001]. rs1059449-A, which encodes arginine (R) at codon 56 of α1-helix of HLA-A protein, was postulated to be crucial for such a pattern of negative association with NPC. A subset of NPC cases (N = 632) and normal controls (N=712) were tested for anti-virus capsid antigen (anti-VCA) immunoglobulin A (IgA), very significant difference in seropositivity for anti-VCA IgA was observed between the two groups [67.56% vs 6.46%, OR (95% CI) = 30.16 (21.42-42.46), P < 0.0001]. However, seropositivity for anti-VCA IgA did not correlate with HLA-A allelic typing in both groups.

HLA-C*06:103, a novel allele was identified in a Chinese patient awaiting hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

HLA-C*06:103 shows four nucleotides difference from that of HLA-C*06:02:01:01.

Identification a novel HLA-B*27:105 allele in a Chinese bone marrow donor by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing

HLA-B*27:105 has one nucleotide change from HLA-B*27:04:01 at nucleotide position 404 from G to A.

Identification of a novel HLA-A*02:06:14 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese bone marrow donor

HLA*02:06:14 differs from HLA-A*02:06:01 by a single nucleotide substitution G > A at position 246.

Identification of two novel alleles HLA-A*11:133 and A*11:02:05 by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing

HLA-A*11:113 shows one nucleotide difference from HLA-A*11:01:01: HLA-A*11:02:05 shows a single nucleotide difference from HLA-A*11:02:01.

A novel HLA-C allele, C*08:01:10 was identified in a Chinese leukemia patient

HLA-C*08:01:10 differs from HLA-C*08:01:01 by a single non-coding change at nucleotide 339 G>A.

A novel allele, HLA-B*54:29, identified by sequence-based typing in a Chinese bone marrow donor

HLA-B*54:29 allele differs from B*54:01:01 at nucleotide position 442 A>C in exon 3.

Genomic full-length sequence of a novel HLA-B*39:01:01:03 allele was identified in a Chinese individual

HLA-B*39:01:01:03 allele differs from HLA-B*39:01:01:01 allele by a single nucleotide substitution.

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in 6384 umbilical cord blood units and transplantation matching and engraftment statistics in the Zhejiang cord blood bank of China

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a widely accepted source of progenitor cells, and now, many cord blood banks were established. Here, we analysed the HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies, HLA matching possibilities for searching potential donors and outcome of UCB transplantations in Zhejiang cord blood bank of China. A total of 6384 UCB units were characterized for 17 HLA-A, 30 HLA-B and 13 HLA-DRB1 alleles at the first field resolution level. Additionally, B*14, B*15 and B*40 were typed to the second field level. A total of 1372 distinct A-B-DRB1 haplotypes were identified. The frequencies of 7 haplotypes were more than 1%, and 439 haplotypes were <0.01%. A*02-B*46-DRB1*09, A*33-B*58-DRB1*03 and A*30-B*13-DRB1*07 were the most common haplotypes, with frequencies of 4.4%, 3.3%, and 2.9%, respectively. Linkage disequilibrium(LD) analysis showed that there were 83 A-B, 106 B-DRB1, 54 A-DRB1 haplotypes with positive LD, in which 51 A-B, 60 B-DRB1, 32 A-DRB1 haplotypes exhibited a significant LD (P < 0.05). In 682 search requests, 12.9%, 40.0% and 42.7% of patients were found to have 6 of 6, 5 of 6 and 4 of 6 HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1 matching donors, respectively. A total of 30 UCB units were transplanted to 24 patients (3 patients not evaluated due to early death); 14 of 21 patients (66.7%) engrafted. This study reveals the HLA distribution and its transplantation application in the cord blood bank of Zhejiang province. These data can help to select potential UCB donors for transplantation and used to assess the scale of new cord blood banking endeavours.

Identification of the novel HLA-B*15:257 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese individual

HLA-B*15:257 has one nucleotide change in exon 2 at position 232C>G from B*15:01:01:01.

Identification of a novel HLA-C*07:02:25 allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese leukemia patient

Nucleotide sequence of HLA-C*07:02:25 allele was different from that of HLA-C*07:02:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 78C>G.

Characterization of a novel HLA allele HLA-B*15:25:03 in a Chinese individual

Nucleotide sequence of HLA-B*15:25:03 allele was different from that of HLA-B*15:25:01 at position 819 G to A.

Identification of a novel HLA-DRB1 allele, HLA-DRB1*12:27, in a Chinese individual

Nucleotide sequence of HLA-DRB1*12:27 allele was different from that of HLA-DRB1*12:02:01 by three-nucleotide substitution at position 165A>C, 171G>C, and 175C>T.

Identification of a novel HLA-B*13:41 allele in a Chinese bone marrow donor

Nucleotide sequence of HLA-B*13:41 allele was different from that of B*13:02:01 at position 538 C>T and 539 T>G, resulting in an amino acid from Leu to Trp at codon 156.

Identification of a new HLA-A*11:78N allele by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing

Nucleotide sequence of HLA-A*11:78N allele was different from that of HLA-A*11:01:01 by two nucleotides deletion at positions 286 and 287, resulting in reading frameshift and has premature stop codon at position 73 in exon 2.

Characterization of a novel HLA allele, HLA-B*40:128, in a Chinese individual

Nucleotide sequence of HLA-B*40:128 has a single nucleotide difference at position 539 T>G compared with that of HLA-B*40:01:01, with an amino acid change from Leu to Arg at codon 156.

Purification and characterization of an intracellular beta-glucosidase from the protoplast fusant of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger

Protoplasts of Aspergillus oryzae 3.481 and Aspergillus niger 3.316 were prepared using cellulose and snail enzyme with 0.6 M NaCl as osmotic stabilizer. Protoplast fusion has been performed using 35% polyethylene glycol 4.000 with 0.01 mM CaCl2. The fused protoplasts have been regenerated on regeneration medium and fusants were selected for further studies. An intracellular beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified from the protoplast fusant of Aspergillus oryzae 3.481 and Aspergillus niger 3.316 and characterized. The enzyme was purified 138.85-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation, DE-22 ion exchange and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography with a specific activity of 297.14 U/mg of protein. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined to be about 125 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had an optimum pH of 5.4 and temperature of 65 degrees C, respectively. This enzyme showed relatively high stability against pH and temperature and was stable in the pH range of 3.0-6.6. Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and EDTA completely inhibited the enzyme activity at a concentration of 10 mM. The enzyme activity was accelerated by Fe3+. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by glucose, the end product ofglucoside hydrolysis. The K(m) and V(max) values against salicin as substrate were 0.035 mM and 1.7215 micromol min(-1), respectively.

HLA-B*4088, a new allele was identified by polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing in a Chinese cord blood donor

HLA-B*4088 shows one nucleotide difference from HLA-B*400101 at position 350 in exon 3 from A to G.