1
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Mayer D, Lever F, Picconi D, Metje J, Alisauskas S, Calegari F, Düsterer S, Ehlert C, Feifel R, Niebuhr M, Manschwetus B, Kuhlmann M, Mazza T, Robinson MS, Squibb RJ, Trabattoni A, Wallner M, Saalfrank P, Wolf TJA, Gühr M. Publisher Correction: Following excited-state chemical shifts in molecular ultrafast x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1356. [PMID: 35264572 PMCID: PMC8907161 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Mayer
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - F Lever
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - D Picconi
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - J Metje
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - S Alisauskas
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Ehlert
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, HITS gGmbH, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Niebuhr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - B Manschwetus
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M S Robinson
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Wallner
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Saalfrank
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - T J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - M Gühr
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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2
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Appi E, Papadopoulou CC, Mapa JL, Jusko C, Mosel P, Schoenberg A, Stock J, Feigl T, Ališauskas S, Lang T, Heyl CM, Manschwetus B, Brachmanski M, Braune M, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Meister S, Schoch P, Trabattoni A, Calegari F, Treusch R, Moshammer R, Hartl I, Morgner U, Kovacev M. Synchronized beamline at FLASH2 based on high-order harmonic generation for two-color dynamics studies. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:123004. [PMID: 34972439 DOI: 10.1063/5.0063225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, integration, and operation of the novel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline installed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH. The VUV source is based on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gas and is driven by an optical laser system synchronized with the timing structure of the FEL. Ultrashort pulses in the spectral range from 10 to 40 eV are coupled with the FEL in the beamline FL26, which features a reaction microscope (REMI) permanent endstation for time-resolved studies of ultrafast dynamics in atomic and molecular targets. The connection of the high-pressure gas HHG source to the ultra-high vacuum FEL beamline requires a compact and reliable system, able to encounter the challenging vacuum requirements and coupling conditions. First commissioning results show the successful operation of the beamline, reaching a VUV focused beam size of about 20 µm at the REMI endstation. Proof-of-principle photo-electron momentum measurements in argon indicate the source capabilities for future two-color pump-probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Appi
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | | | - J L Mapa
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - C Jusko
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - P Mosel
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | | | - J Stock
- Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen 73446, Germany
| | - T Feigl
- optiX fab GmbH, Jena 07745, Germany
| | | | - T Lang
- DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - H Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - F Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - S Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - P Schoch
- Institut für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | | | - R Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - I Hartl
- DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - U Morgner
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - M Kovacev
- Institut für Quantenoptik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover 30167, Germany
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3
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Abstract
Extreme-ultraviolet-induced charge migration in biorelevant molecules is a fundamental step in the complex path leading to photodamage. In this work we propose a simple interpretation of the charge migration recently observed in an attosecond pump-probe experiment on the amino acid tryptophan. We find that the decay of the prominent low-frequency spectral structure with increasing pump-probe delay is due to a quantum beating between two geometrically distinct, almost degenerate charge oscillations. Quantum beating is ubiquitous in these systems, and at least on the few-to-tens of femtosecond time scales, it may dominate over decoherence the line intensities of time-resolved spectra. We also address the experimentally observed phase shift in the charge oscillations of two different amino acids, tryptophan and phenylalanine. Our results indicate that a beyond mean-field treatment of the electron dynamics is necessary to reproduce the correct behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Perfetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- CNR-ISM , Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - A Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) , DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL) , DESY , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Institut fur Experimentalphysik , Universität Hamburg , D-22761 Hamburg , Germany
| | - M Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies , IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - A Marini
- CNR-ISM , Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit) , Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29.3 , I-00016 Monterotondo Scalo , Italy
| | - G Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
- INFN , Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1 , 00133 Rome , Italy
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4
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Trabattoni A, Galli M, Lara-Astiaso M, Palacios A, Greenwood J, Tavernelli I, Decleva P, Nisoli M, Martín F, Calegari F. Charge migration in photo-ionized aromatic amino acids. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20170472. [PMID: 30929627 PMCID: PMC6452047 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond pump-probe spectroscopy is a unique tool for the direct observation of the light-activated electronic motion in molecules and it offers the possibility to capture the first instants of a chemical reaction. Recently, advances in attosecond technology allowed the charge migration processes to be revealed in biochemically relevant molecules. Although this purely electronic process might be key for a future chemistry at the electron time scale, the influence of this ultrafast charge flow on the reactivity of a molecule is still debated. In this work, we exploit extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses to activate charge migration in two aromatic amino acids, namely phenylalanine and tryptophan. Advanced numerical calculations are performed to interpret the experimental data and to discuss the effects of the nuclear dynamics on the activated quantum coherences. By comparing the experimental results obtained in the two molecules, we show that the presence of different functional groups strongly affects the fragmentation pathways, as well as the charge rearrangement. The observed charge dynamics indeed present peculiar aspects, including characteristic periodicities and decoherence times. Numerical results indicate that, even for a very large molecule such as tryptophan, the quantum coherences can survive the nuclear dynamics for several femtoseconds. These results open new and important perspectives for a deeper understanding of the photo-induced charge dynamics, as a promising tool to control the reactivity of bio-relevant molecules via photo-excitation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Trabattoni
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- e-mail:
| | - M. Galli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M. Lara-Astiaso
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Palacios
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Greenwood
- School of Maths and Physics, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - I. Tavernelli
- IBM Research GmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | - P. Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F. Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Calegari
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Hamburg Universität, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
- e-mail:
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5
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Castrovilli MC, Trabattoni A, Bolognesi P, O'Keeffe P, Avaldi L, Nisoli M, Calegari F, Cireasa R. Ultrafast Hydrogen Migration in Photoionized Glycine. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6012-6016. [PMID: 30253105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen migration in the glycine cation has been investigated using a combination of a short train of attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses with few-optical-cycle near-infrared pulses. The yield of the photofragments produced has been measured as a function of pump-probe delay. These time-dependent measurements reveal the presence of a hydrogen migration process occurring in 48 fs. Previous mass spectrometric experiments and theoretical calculations have allowed us to identify the conformations and cation states involved in the process induced by the broad band extreme ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Castrovilli
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - A Trabattoni
- Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
- CFEL-DESY , Notkerstrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - P Bolognesi
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - P O'Keeffe
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - L Avaldi
- Istituto Struttura della Materia, ISM-CNR , 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma , Italy
| | - M Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Department of Physics , Politecnico di Milano , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - F Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR , 20133 Milano , Italy
- CFEL-DESY , Notkerstrasse 85 , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
- Department of Physics , University of Hamburg , 20355 Hamburg , Germany
| | - R Cireasa
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, CNRS , Université Paris Sud , 91400 Orsay, France
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6
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Takanashi T, Golubev NV, Callegari C, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Iablonskyi D, Kumagai Y, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Nagaya K, Nishiyama T, Matsunami K, Johnsson P, Piseri P, Sansone G, Dubrouil A, Reduzzi M, Carpeggiani P, Vozzi C, Devetta M, Negro M, Faccialà D, Calegari F, Trabattoni A, Castrovilli MC, Ovcharenko Y, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Coreno M, Alagia M, Schütte B, Berrah N, Plekan O, Finetti P, Spezzani C, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Penco G, Serpico C, De Ninno G, Diviacco B, Di Mitri S, Giannessi L, Jabbari G, Prince KC, Cederbaum LS, Demekhin PV, Kuleff AI, Ueda K. Time-Resolved Measurement of Interatomic Coulombic Decay Induced by Two-Photon Double Excitation of Ne_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:033202. [PMID: 28157370 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.033202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The hitherto unexplored two-photon doubly excited states [Ne^{*}(2p^{-1}3s)]_{2} were experimentally identified using the seeded, fully coherent, intense extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser FERMI. These states undergo ultrafast interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD), which predominantly produces singly ionized dimers. In order to obtain the rate of ICD, the resulting yield of Ne_{2}^{+} ions was recorded as a function of delay between the extreme ultraviolet pump and UV probe laser pulses. The extracted lifetimes of the long-lived doubly excited states, 390(-130/+450) fs, and of the short-lived ones, less than 150 fs, are in good agreement with ab initio quantum mechanical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - N V Golubev
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - D Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - S Mondal
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Tachibana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Matsunami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Piseri
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Physikalisches Institut Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Dubrouil
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Reduzzi
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - P Carpeggiani
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - C Vozzi
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Negro
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - D Faccialà
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Calegari
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Alagia
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2 A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Jabbari
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14 - km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
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7
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Månsson EP, De Camillis S, Castrovilli MC, Galli M, Nisoli M, Calegari F, Greenwood JB. Ultrafast dynamics in the DNA building blocks thymidine and thymine initiated by ionizing radiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19815-19821. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast dynamics and fragmentation of thymidine and thymine after ionization by attosecond extreme ultraviolet radiation studied in the time-domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Månsson
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies CNR-IFN
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - S. De Camillis
- Centre for Plasma Physics
- School of Maths and Physics
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
| | - M. C. Castrovilli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies CNR-IFN
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Inst. for the Structure of Matter CNR-ISM
- Monterotondo
| | - M. Galli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies CNR-IFN
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Department of Physics
- Politecnico di Milano
| | - M. Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies CNR-IFN
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Department of Physics
- Politecnico di Milano
| | - F. Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies CNR-IFN
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science
- DESY
| | - J. B. Greenwood
- Centre for Plasma Physics
- School of Maths and Physics
- Queen's University Belfast
- UK
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8
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Iablonskyi D, Nagaya K, Fukuzawa H, Motomura K, Kumagai Y, Mondal S, Tachibana T, Takanashi T, Nishiyama T, Matsunami K, Johnsson P, Piseri P, Sansone G, Dubrouil A, Reduzzi M, Carpeggiani P, Vozzi C, Devetta M, Negro M, Calegari F, Trabattoni A, Castrovilli MC, Faccialà D, Ovcharenko Y, Möller T, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F, Coreno M, Alagia M, Schütte B, Berrah N, Kuleff AI, Jabbari G, Callegari C, Plekan O, Finetti P, Spezzani C, Ferrari E, Allaria E, Penco G, Serpico C, De Ninno G, Nikolov I, Diviacco B, Di Mitri S, Giannessi L, Prince KC, Ueda K. Slow Interatomic Coulombic Decay of Multiply Excited Neon Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:276806. [PMID: 28084773 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.276806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ne clusters (∼5000 atoms) were resonantly excited (2p→3s) by intense free electron laser (FEL) radiation at FERMI. Such multiply excited clusters can decay nonradiatively via energy exchange between at least two neighboring excited atoms. Benefiting from the precise tunability and narrow bandwidth of seeded FEL radiation, specific sites of the Ne clusters were probed. We found that the relaxation of cluster surface atoms proceeds via a sequence of interatomic or intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes while ICD of bulk atoms is additionally affected by the surrounding excited medium via inelastic electron scattering. For both cases, cluster excitations relax to atomic states prior to ICD, showing that this kind of ICD is rather slow (picosecond range). Controlling the average number of excitations per cluster via the FEL intensity allows a coarse tuning of the ICD rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Iablonskyi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - Y Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - S Mondal
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Tachibana
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Takanashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
| | - T Nishiyama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Matsunami
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan
| | - P Johnsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - F Calegari
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Trabattoni
- CNR-IFN, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - D Faccialà
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Alagia
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Schütte
- Max-Born-Institut, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - A I Kuleff
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Jabbari
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - E Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Serpico
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, 5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - I Nikolov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - B Diviacco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Di Mitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 980-8577 Sendai, Japan
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9
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Calegari F, Calamari L, Frazzi E. Cooling systems of the resting area in free stall dairy barn. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:605-614. [PMID: 26335294 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study during the summer season evaluated the effect of different cooling systems on behavioral and productive responses of Italian Friesian dairy cows kept in an experimental-free stall barn located in the Po Valley in Italy. The study involved 30 lactating dairy cows subdivided into two groups kept in two pens with external hard court paddock in each free stall. The same cooling system was applied in the feeding area in both pens. A different cooling system in the resting area was applied to the two pens: in the pen SW, the resting area was equipped with fans and misters; in the other, there was simple ventilation (SV). Breathing rate, rectal temperature, milk yield, and milk characteristics (fat, protein, and somatic cell count) were measured. Behavioral activities (standing and lying cows in the different areas, as well as the animals in the feed bunk) were recorded. Mild to moderate heat waves during the trial were observed. On average, the breathing rate was numerically greater in SV compared with SW cows (60.2 and 55.8 breath/min, respectively), and mean rectal temperature remained below 39 °C in both groups during the trial (on average 38.7 and 38.8 °C in SV and SW, respectively. During the hotter periods of the trial, the time spent lying indoor in the free stall was greater in SW (11.8 h/day) than SV (10.7 h/day). Conversely, the time spent standing indoor without feeding was greater in SV (4.3 h/day) than SW (3.8 h/day). Milk yield was slightly better maintained during hotter period in SW compared with SV and somatic cell count was also slightly greater in the former. In conclusion, the adoption of the cooling system by means of evaporative cooling also in the resting area reduces the alteration of time budget caused by heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- CRAST - Centro Ricerca Analisi geoSpaziale e Telerilevamento Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - L Calamari
- Istituto di Zootecnica Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - E Frazzi
- Istituto di Enologia e Ingegneria Agro-alimentare, Sezione Ingegneria Agro-Ambientale Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
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10
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Trabattoni A, Oksenhendler T, Jousselin H, Tempea G, De Silvestri S, Sansone G, Calegari F, Nisoli M. Self-referenced spectral interferometry for single-shot measurement of sub-5-fs pulses. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:113106. [PMID: 26628120 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel approach for the extension of self-referenced spectral interferometry to the temporal characterization of few-optical cycle pulses. The new experimental setup is characterized by low dispersion and a collinear geometry. 4-fs pulses have been characterized by performing single-shot measurements, with high dynamic range on a broad temporal region. An independent measurement of the pulse duration, obtained by using attosecond streaking, allowed us to cross-check the experimental technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trabattoni
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - T Oksenhendler
- Fastlite, Campus Scientifique d'Orsay, Bât 503, Plateau du Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - H Jousselin
- Fastlite, Campus Scientifique d'Orsay, Bât 503, Plateau du Moulon, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - G Tempea
- Femtolasers Produktions GmbH, Fernkorngasse 10, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - S De Silvestri
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Calegari
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Nisoli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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11
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Gierz I, Calegari F, Aeschlimann S, Chávez Cervantes M, Cacho C, Chapman RT, Springate E, Link S, Starke U, Ast CR, Cavalleri A. Tracking Primary Thermalization Events in Graphene with Photoemission at Extreme Time Scales. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:086803. [PMID: 26340199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.086803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Direct and inverse Auger scattering are amongst the primary processes that mediate the thermalization of hot carriers in semiconductors. These two processes involve the annihilation or generation of an electron-hole pair by exchanging energy with a third carrier, which is either accelerated or decelerated. Inverse Auger scattering is generally suppressed, as the decelerated carriers must have excess energies higher than the band gap itself. In graphene, which is gapless, inverse Auger scattering is, instead, predicted to be dominant at the earliest time delays. Here, <8 fs extreme-ultraviolet pulses are used to detect this imbalance, tracking both the number of excited electrons and their kinetic energy with time-and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Over a time window of approximately 25 fs after absorption of the pump pulse, we observe an increase in conduction band carrier density and a simultaneous decrease of the average carrier kinetic energy, revealing that relaxation is in fact dominated by inverse Auger scattering. Measurements of carrier scattering at extreme time scales by photoemission will serve as a guide to ultrafast control of electronic properties in solids for petahertz electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gierz
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Calegari
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Aeschlimann
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Chávez Cervantes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Cacho
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - R T Chapman
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - E Springate
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11 0QX Harwell, United Kingdom
| | - S Link
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - U Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C R Ast
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Negro M, Devetta M, Faccialá D, Ciriolo AG, Calegari F, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Tosa V, Vozzi C, Stagira S. Non-collinear high-order harmonic generation by three interfering laser beams. Opt Express 2014; 22:29778-29786. [PMID: 25606907 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High order harmonic generation (HHG) has shown its impact on several applications in Attosecond Science and Atomic and Molecular Physics. Owing to the complexity of the experimental setup for the generation and characterization of harmonics, as well as to the large computational costs of numerical modelling, HHG is generally performed and modelled in collinear geometry. Recently, several experiments have been performed exploiting non-collinear geometry, such as HHG in a grating of excited molecules created by crossing beams. In such studies, harmonics were observed at propagation directions different from those of the driving pulses; moreover the scattered harmonics were angularly dispersed.In this work we report on a new regime of HHG driven by multiple beams, where the harmonics are generated by three synchronized, intense laser pulses organized in a non-planar geometry. Although the configuration we explore is well within the strong-field regime, the scattered harmonics we observe are not angularly dispersed.
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13
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Calegari F, Ayuso D, Trabattoni A, Belshaw L, De Camillis S, Anumula S, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Palacios A, Decleva P, Greenwood JB, Martin F, Nisoli M. Ultrafast electron dynamics in phenylalanine initiated by attosecond pulses. Science 2014; 346:336-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1254061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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14
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Frassetto F, Trabattoni A, Anumula S, Sansone G, Calegari F, Nisoli M, Poletto L. High-throughput beamline for attosecond pulses based on toroidal mirrors with microfocusing capabilities. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:103115. [PMID: 25362379 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel attosecond beamline designed for attosecond-pump/attosecond probe experiments. Microfocusing of the Extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) radiation is obtained by using a coma-compensated optical configuration based on the use of three toroidal mirrors controlled by a genetic algorithm. Trains of attosecond pulses are generated with a measured peak intensity of about 3 × 10(11) W/cm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frassetto
- National Research Council, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Trabattoni
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - S Anumula
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Sansone
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Calegari
- National Research Council, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Nisoli
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
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15
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Feng C, Hergott JF, Paul PM, Chen X, Tcherbakoff O, Comte M, Gobert O, Reduzzi M, Calegari F, Manzoni C, Nisoli M, Sansone G. Complete analog control of the carrier-envelope-phase of a high-power laser amplifier. Opt Express 2013; 21:25248-25256. [PMID: 24150365 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.025248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate the development of a complete analog feedback loop for the control of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of a high-average power (20 W) laser operating at 10 kHz repetition rate. The proposed method combines a detection scheme working on a single-shot basis at the full-repetition-rate of the laser system with a fast actuator based either on an acousto-optic or on an electro-optic crystal. The feedback loop is used to correct the CEP fluctuations introduced by the amplification process demonstrating a CEP residual noise of 320 mrad measured on a single-shot basis. The comparison with a feedback loop operating at a lower sampling rate indicates an improvement up to 45% in the residual noise. The measurement of the CEP drift for different integration times clearly evidences the importance of the single-shot characterization of the residual CEP drift. The demonstrated scheme could be efficiently applied for systems approaching the 100 kHz repetition rate regime.
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16
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Poletto L, Frassetto F, Calegari F, Anumula S, Trabattoni A, Nisoli M. Micro-focusing of attosecond pulses by grazing-incidence toroidal mirrors. Opt Express 2013; 21:13040-13051. [PMID: 23736557 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.013040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of optical systems for micro-focusing of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulses through grazing-incidence toroidal mirrors is presented. Aim of the proposed configuration is to provide a micro-focused image through a high demagnification of the XUV source with the following characteristics: i) almost negligible aberrations; ii) long exit arm to easily accommodate at the output the experimental setups required for the applications of the focused attosecond pulses; iii) possibility to have an intermediate region where the XUV beam is collimated, in order to insert a plane split-mirror for the generation of two XUV pulse replicas to be used in a XUV-pump/XUV-probe setup. We present the analytical and numerical study of two optical configurations characterized by two sections based on the use of toroidal mirrors. The first section provides a demagnified image of the source in an intermediate focus that is free from defocusing but has a large coma aberration. The second section consists of a relay mirror that is mounted in Z-shaped geometry with respect to the previous one, in order to give a stigmatic image with a coma that is opposite to that provided by the first section. An example is provided to demonstrate the capability to achieve spot sizes in the 5-15 μm range with a demagnification higher than 10 in a compact envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poletto
- National Council for Research of Italy, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Kelkensberg F, Siu W, Pérez-Torres JF, Morales F, Gademann G, Rouzée A, Johnsson P, Lucchini M, Calegari F, Sanz-Vicario JL, Martín F, Vrakking MJJ. Attosecond control in photoionization of hydrogen molecules. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:043002. [PMID: 21866998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.043002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report experiments where hydrogen molecules were dissociatively ionized by an attosecond pulse train in the presence of a near-infrared field. Fragment ion yields from distinguishable ionization channels oscillate with a period that is half the optical cycle of the IR field. For molecules aligned parallel to the laser polarization axis, the oscillations are reproduced in two-electron quantum simulations, and can be explained in terms of an interference between ionization pathways that involve different harmonic orders and a laser-induced coupling between the 1sσ(g) and 2pσ(u) states of the molecular ion. This leads to a situation where the ionization probability is sensitive to the instantaneous polarization of the molecule by the IR electric field and demonstrates that we have probed the IR-induced electron dynamics with attosecond pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kelkensberg
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Negro M, Vozzi C, Calegari F, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Polarization pulse shaping induced by impulsive molecular alignment in optical filamentation and application to high-order harmonic generation. Opt Lett 2010; 35:1350-1352. [PMID: 20436565 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated theoretically and experimentally the ultrafast birefringence induced by impulsive alignment in a molecular gas during optical filamentation. This phenomenon is able to substantially affect the polarization state of an ultrashort laser pulse that propagates through the aligned medium at suitable delays from a first aligning pulse. We exploited this modulation of the polarization state in order to effectively control the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) process, which is strongly dependent on the driving pulse polarization. These results open new and fascinating perspectives for the tailoring of strong-field phenomena by means of polarization pulse shaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Negro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano & CNR-IFN, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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19
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Calegari F, Vozzi C, Negro M, Sansone G, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Efficient continuum generation exceeding 200 eV by intense ultrashort two-color driver. Opt Lett 2009; 34:3125-3127. [PMID: 19838247 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.003125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A temporal gating on the high-order harmonic emission process is achieved using an intense 20 fs, 1.45 microm pulse (IR) in combination with an intense 13 fs, 800 nm pulse [visible (VIS)]. Exploiting this two-color gating scheme, a coherent continuous emission extending up to 160 eV using Ar gas and 200 eV using Ne gas is efficiently generated. The IR pulse contributes to significantly extending the harmonic emission to higher photon energies, whereas the VIS pulse improves the conversion efficiency of the process. These results indicate the possibility to produce bright attosecond pulses approaching the soft X spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- Dipartimento di Fisica, National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM,Politecnico di Milano, Milano I-20133, Italy.
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20
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Abstract
The rotovibrational dynamics excited by optical filamentation in molecular gases is studied in the temporal domain. Two time-delayed replicas of the same laser pulse have been used to generate a first filament, for the rotovibrational excitation of the sample, and a second collinear filament probing the Raman dynamics. The Fermi doublet structure in CO(2) as well as the very fast stretching mode of H(2) were clearly resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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21
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Calegari F, Vozzi C, Gasilov S, Benedetti E, Sansone G, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Rotational Raman effects in the wake of optical filamentation. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:123006. [PMID: 18517863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The spatiotemporal effects generated in the wake of a laser filament propagating in nitrogen are investigated. At suitable time delays, a probe light pulse propagating along the wake experiences a strong spatial confinement and a noticeable spectral broadening at the same time. Numerical simulations, well reproducing the experimental findings, show the key role of the impulsive rotational Raman response in the observed phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, I-20133, Italy.
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22
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Vozzi C, Calegari F, Benedetti E, Gasilov S, Sansone G, Cerullo G, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Millijoule-level phase-stabilized few-optical-cycle infrared parametric source. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2957-2959. [PMID: 17938665 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ultrabroadband self-phase-stabilized near-IR pulses have been generated by difference-frequency generation of a filament broadened supercontinuum followed by two-stage optical parametric amplification. Pulses with energy up to 1.2 mJ and duration down to 17 fs are demonstrated. These characteristics make such a source suited as a driver for high-order harmonic generation and isolated attosecond pulse production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR-INFM, Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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23
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Calegari F, Valentini G, Vozzi C, Benedetti E, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Faenov A, Gasilov S, Pikuz T, Poletto L, Sansone G, Villoresi P, Nisoli M, De Silvestri S, Stagira S. Elemental sensitivity in soft x-ray imaging with a laser-plasma source and a color center detector. Opt Lett 2007; 32:2593-5. [PMID: 17767316 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.002593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sensitivity in soft x-ray imaging of thin foils with known thickness is observed using an ultrafast laser-plasma source and a LiF crystal as detector. Measurements are well reproduced by a simple theoretical model. This technique can be exploited for high spatial resolution, wide field of view imaging in the soft x-ray region, and it is suitable for the characterization of thin objects with thicknesses ranging from hundreds down to tens of nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science, CNR-INFM, Politecnico, Milan, Italy
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Sansone G, Benedetti E, Calegari F, Vozzi C, Avaldi L, Flammini R, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Altucci C, Velotta R, Stagira S, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M. Isolated Single-Cycle Attosecond Pulses. Science 2006; 314:443-6. [PMID: 17053142 DOI: 10.1126/science.1132838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We generated single-cycle isolated attosecond pulses around approximately 36 electron volts using phase-stabilized 5-femtosecond driving pulses with a modulated polarization state. Using a complete temporal characterization technique, we demonstrated the compression of the generated pulses for as low as 130 attoseconds, corresponding to less than 1.2 optical cycles. Numerical simulations of the generation process show that the carrier-envelope phase of the attosecond pulses is stable. The availability of single-cycle isolated attosecond pulses opens the way to a new regime in ultrafast physics, in which the strong-field electron dynamics in atoms and molecules is driven by the electric field of the attosecond pulses rather than by their intensity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sansone
- National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia, Department of Physics, Politecnico, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Vozzi C, Cirmi G, Manzoni C, Benedetti E, Calegari F, Sansone G, Stagira S, Svelto O, De Silvestri S, Nisoli M, Cerullo G. High-energy, few-optical-cycle pulses at 1.5 microm with passive carrier-envelope phase stabilization. Opt Express 2006; 14:10109-10116. [PMID: 19529406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.14.010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on a source of ultrabroadband self-phase-stabilized near-IR pulses by difference-frequency generation of a hollow-fiber broadened supercontinuum followed by two-stage optical parametric amplification. We demonstrate energies up to 200 microJ with 15 fs pulse width, making this source suited as a driver for attosecond pulse generation.
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Vozzi C, Calegari F, Benedetti E, Caumes JP, Sansone G, Stagira S, Nisoli M, Torres R, Heesel E, Kajumba N, Marangos JP, Altucci C, Velotta R. Controlling two-center interference in molecular high harmonic generation. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:153902. [PMID: 16241726 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.153902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the process of intramolecular quantum interference in high-order harmonic generation in impulsively aligned CO2 molecules. The recombination interference effect is clearly seen through the order dependence of the harmonic yield in an aligned sample. The experimental results can be well modeled assuming that the effective de Broglie wavelength of the returning electron wave is not significantly altered by the Coulomb field of the molecular ion. We demonstrate that such interference effects can be effectively controlled by changing the ellipticity of the driving laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vozzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico, National Laboratory for Ultrafast and Ultraintense Optical Science-CNR-INFM, Milano, Italy
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Rowe J, Calegari F, Taverna E, Longhi R, Rosa P. Syntaxin 1A is delivered to the apical and basolateral domains of epithelial cells: the role of munc-18 proteins. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:3323-32. [PMID: 11591820 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.18.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SNARE (Soluble N-ethyl-maleimide sensitive factor Attachment protein Receptor) proteins assemble in tight core complexes, which promote fusion of carrier vesicles with target compartments. Members of this class of proteins are expressed in all eukaryotic cells and are distributed in distinct subcellular compartments. The molecular mechanisms underlying sorting of SNAREs to their physiological sites of action are still poorly understood. Here have we analyzed the transport of syntaxin1A in epithelial cells. In line with previous data we found that syntaxin1A is not transported to the plasma membrane, but rather is retained intracellularly when overexpressed in MDCK and Caco-2 cells. Its delivery to the cell surface is recovered after munc-18-1 cotransfection. Furthermore, overexpression of the ubiquitous isoform of munc-18, munc-18-2, is also capable of rescuing the transport of the t-SNARE. The interaction between syntaxin 1A and munc-18 occurs in the biosynthetic pathway and is required to promote the exit of the t-SNARE from the Golgi complex. This enabled us to investigate the targeting of syntaxin1A in polarized cells. Confocal analysis of polarized monolayers demonstrates that syntaxin1A is delivered to both the apical and basolateral domains independently of the munc-18 proteins used in the cotranfection experiments. In search of the mechanisms underlying syntaxin 1A sorting to the cell surface, we found that a portion of the protein is included in non-ionic detergent insoluble complexes. Our results indicate that the munc-18 proteins represent limiting but essential factors in the transport of syntaxin1A from the Golgi complex to the epithelial cell surface. They also suggest the presence of codominant apical and basolateral sorting signals in the syntaxin1A sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rowe
- CNR - Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, Italy
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Calegari F, Coco S, Taverna E, Bassetti M, Verderio C, Corradi N, Matteoli M, Rosa P. A regulated secretory pathway in cultured hippocampal astrocytes. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:22539-47. [PMID: 10428831 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.32.22539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells have been reported to express molecules originally discovered in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells, such as neuropeptides, neuropeptide processing enzymes, and ionic channels. To verify whether astrocytes may have regulated secretory vesicles, the primary cultures prepared from hippocampi of embryonic and neonatal rats were used to investigate the subcellular localization and secretory pathway followed by secretogranin II, a well known marker for dense-core granules. By indirect immunofluorescence, SgII was detected in a large number of cultured hippocampal astrocytes. Immunoreactivity for the granin was detected in the Golgi complex and in a population of dense-core vesicles stored in the cells. Subcellular fractionation experiments revealed that SgII was stored in a vesicle population with a density identical to that of the dense-core secretory granules present in rat pheochromocytoma cells. In line with these data, biochemical results indicated that 40-50% of secretogranin II synthesized during 18-h labeling was retained intracellularly over a 4-h chase period and released after treatment with different secretagogues. The most effective stimulus appeared to be phorbol ester in combination with ionomycin in the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), a treatment that was found to produce a large and sustained increase in intracellular calcium [Ca(2+)](i) transients. Our findings indicate that a regulated secretory pathway characterized by (i) the expression and stimulated exocytosis of a typical marker for regulated secretory granules, (ii) the presence of dense-core vesicles, and (iii) the ability to undergo [Ca(2+)](i) increase upon specific stimuli is present in cultured hippocampal astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calegari
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Center of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milan, Italy
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Ruggiero C, Giacomini M, Calegari F, Berti R, Bertone S, Casareto L. Interpretation of gascromatographic data via artificial neural networks for the classification of marine bacteria. Cytotechnology 1993; 11:S83-5. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00746063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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