1
|
Colton MA, McManus LC, Schindler DE, Mumby PJ, Palumbi SR, Webster MM, Essington TE, Fox HE, Forrest DL, Schill SR, Pollock FJ, DeFilippo LB, Tekwa EW, Walsworth TE, Pinsky ML. Coral conservation in a warming world must harness evolutionary adaptation. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1405-1407. [PMID: 36114282 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa C McManus
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kane'ohe, HI, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel E Schindler
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter J Mumby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephen R Palumbi
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Webster
- Coral Reef Alliance, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Timothy E Essington
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Daniel L Forrest
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven R Schill
- The Nature Conservancy, Caribbean Division, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - F Joseph Pollock
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawai'i & Palmyra Program, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Biology, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lukas B DeFilippo
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E W Tekwa
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy E Walsworth
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Watershed Sciences and The Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Díaz-Almeyda EM, Ryba T, Ohdera AH, Collins SM, Shafer N, Link C, Prado-Zapata M, Ruhnke C, Moore M, González Angel AM, Pollock FJ, Medina M. Thermal Stress Has Minimal Effects on Bacterial Communities of Thermotolerant Symbiodinium Cultures. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.764086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae in the dinoflagellate family Symbiodiniaceae are endocellular photosymbionts of corals and other cnidarians. This close relationship is disrupted when seawater temperature increases, causing coral bleaching eventually affecting entire coral reefs. Although the relationship between animal host and photosymbiont has been well-studied, little is known about the bacterial community associated with Symbiodiniaceae in culture. We compared the microbial communities of three isolates from different species of the genus Symbiodinium (formerly known as Symbiodinium clade A) with different ecophysiology, levels of interaction with the animal host, and thermal adaptations. Two species, Symbiodinium microadriaticum and Symbiodinium necroappettens, exhibit intermediate thermotolerance, with a decrease of both growth rate and photochemical efficiency with increased temperature. The third species, Symbiodinium pilosum, has high thermotolerance with no difference in growth rate or photochemical efficiency at 32°C. Microbial communities were characterized after 27 days of growth under control (26°C) and high temperature (32°C). Data shows stronger grouping of bacterial assemblages based on Symbiodinium species than temperature. Microbial communities did not group phylogenetically. We found a shared set of fifteen ASVs belonging to four genera and three families that remained in all three Symbiodiniaceae species. These included Labrenzia, Phycisphaeraceae (SM1A02), Roseovarius, and Muricauda, which are all commonly associated with corals and Symbiodiniaceae cultures. Few ASVs differed significantly by temperature within species. S. pilosum displayed significantly lower levels of microbial diversity and greater individual variability in community composition at 32°C compared to 26°C. These results suggest that bacteria associated or co-cultured with thermotolerant Symbiodinium might play an important role in thermotolerance. Further research on the functional metabolic pathways of these bacteria might hold the key to understanding Symbiodinium’s ability to tolerate thermal stress.
Collapse
|
3
|
Prada C, López-Londoño T, Pollock FJ, Roitman S, Ritchie KB, Levitan DR, Knowlton N, Woodley C, Iglesias-Prieto R, Medina M. Linking photoacclimation responses and microbiome shifts between depth-segregated sibling species of reef corals. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:211591. [PMID: 35316949 PMCID: PMC8889182 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metazoans host complex communities of microorganisms that include dinoflagellates, fungi, bacteria, archaea and viruses. Interactions among members of these complex assemblages allow hosts to adjust their physiology and metabolism to cope with environmental variation and occupy different habitats. Here, using reciprocal transplantation across depths, we studied adaptive divergence in the corals Orbicella annularis and O. franksi, two young species with contrasting vertical distribution in the Caribbean. When transplanted from deep to shallow, O. franksi experienced fast photoacclimation and low mortality, and maintained a consistent bacterial community. By contrast, O. annularis experienced high mortality and limited photoacclimation when transplanted from shallow to deep. The photophysiological collapse of O. annularis in the deep environment was associated with an increased microbiome variability and reduction of some bacterial taxa. Differences in the symbiotic algal community were more pronounced between coral species than between depths. Our study suggests that these sibling species are adapted to distinctive light environments partially driven by the algae photoacclimation capacity and the microbiome robustness, highlighting the importance of niche specialization in symbiotic corals for the maintenance of species diversity. Our findings have implications for the management of these threatened Caribbean corals and the effectiveness of coral reef restoration efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Prada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Tomás López-Londoño
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - F Joseph Pollock
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- The Nature Conservancy, Hawai'i and Palmyra Programs, 923 Nu'uanu Avenue, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA
| | - Sofia Roitman
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kim B Ritchie
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, 801 Carteret Street, Beaufort, SC 29906, USA
| | - Don R Levitan
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Nancy Knowlton
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Cheryl Woodley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Sciences, Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | | | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vardi T, Hoot WC, Levy J, Shaver E, Winters RS, Banaszak AT, Baums IB, Chamberland VF, Cook N, Gulko D, Hein MY, Kaufman L, Loewe M, Lundgren P, Lustic C, MacGowan P, Matz MV, McGonigle M, McLeod I, Moore J, Moore T, Pivard S, Pollock FJ, Rinkevich B, Suggett DJ, Suleiman S, Viehman TS, Villalobos T, Weis VM, Wolke C, Montoya‐Maya PH. Six priorities to advance the science and practice of coral reef restoration worldwide. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Vardi
- ECS for NOAA Fisheries Office of Science & Technology Silver Spring MD 20910 U.S.A
| | | | - Jessica Levy
- Coral Restoration Foundation Key Largo FL 33037 U.S.A
| | | | | | - Anastazia T. Banaszak
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Puerto Morelos Mexico
| | - Iliana B. Baums
- Center for Marine Science and Technology Pennsylvania State University State College PA 16802 U.S.A
| | | | - Nathan Cook
- Reef Ecologic Townsville Queensland 4810 Australia
| | - David Gulko
- Hawaii Coral Restoration Nursery Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources Honolulu HI 96819 U.S.A
| | - Margaux Y. Hein
- Marine Ecosystem Restoration Research and Consulting Monaco 98000 Monaco
| | - Les Kaufman
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston MA 02215 U.S.A
| | | | - Petra Lundgren
- Great Barrier Reef Foundation/University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | | | - Mikhail V. Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 U.S.A
| | | | - Ian McLeod
- James Cook University Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Jennifer Moore
- Southeast Regional Office Protected Resources Division NOAA Fisheries St. Petersburg FL 33701 U.S.A
| | - Tom Moore
- NOAA Restoration Center St. Petersburg FL 33701 U.S.A
| | - Sandrine Pivard
- Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Regional Activity Centre United Nations Environment Basse‐Terre Guadeloupe
| | | | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research National Institute of Oceanography Haifa 31080 Israel
| | - David J. Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | | | - T. Shay Viehman
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science NOAA National Ocean Service Beaufort NC 28516 U.S.A
| | | | - Virginia M. Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 U.S.A
| | - Chelsea Wolke
- Hawaii Coral Restoration Nursery Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources Honolulu HI 96819 U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sweet M, Villela H, Keller-Costa T, Costa R, Romano S, Bourne DG, Cárdenas A, Huggett MJ, Kerwin AH, Kuek F, Medina M, Meyer JL, Müller M, Pollock FJ, Rappé MS, Sere M, Sharp KH, Voolstra CR, Zaccardi N, Ziegler M, Peixoto R. Insights into the Cultured Bacterial Fraction of Corals. mSystems 2021; 6:e0124920. [PMID: 34156291 PMCID: PMC8269258 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01249-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria associated with coral hosts are diverse and abundant, with recent studies suggesting involvement of these symbionts in host resilience to anthropogenic stress. Despite their putative importance, the work dedicated to culturing coral-associated bacteria has received little attention. Combining published and unpublished data, here we report a comprehensive overview of the diversity and function of culturable bacteria isolated from corals originating from tropical, temperate, and cold-water habitats. A total of 3,055 isolates from 52 studies were considered by our metasurvey. Of these, 1,045 had full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, spanning 138 formally described and 12 putatively novel bacterial genera across the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria phyla. We performed comparative genomic analysis using the available genomes of 74 strains and identified potential signatures of beneficial bacterium-coral symbioses among the strains. Our analysis revealed >400 biosynthetic gene clusters that underlie the biosynthesis of antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and other secondary metabolites. Moreover, we uncovered genomic features-not previously described for coral-bacterium symbioses-potentially involved in host colonization and host-symbiont recognition, antiviral defense mechanisms, and/or integrated metabolic interactions, which we suggest as novel targets for the screening of coral probiotics. Our results highlight the importance of bacterial cultures to elucidate coral holobiont functioning and guide the selection of probiotic candidates to promote coral resilience and improve holistic and customized reef restoration and rehabilitation efforts. IMPORTANCE Our paper is the first study to synthesize currently available but decentralized data of cultured microbes associated with corals. We were able to collate 3,055 isolates across a number of published studies and unpublished collections from various laboratories and researchers around the world. This equated to 1,045 individual isolates which had full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, after filtering of the original 3,055. We also explored which of these had genomes available. Originally, only 36 were available, and as part of this study, we added a further 38-equating to 74 in total. From this, we investigated potential genetic signatures that may facilitate a host-associated lifestyle. Further, such a resource is an important step in the selection of probiotic candidates, which are being investigated for promoting coral resilience and potentially applied as a novel strategy in reef restoration and rehabilitation efforts. In the spirit of open access, we have ensured this collection is available to the wider research community through the web site http://isolates.reefgenomics.org/ with the hope many scientists across the globe will ask for access to these cultures for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sweet
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Villela
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tina Keller-Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Costa
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Stefano Romano
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - David G. Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
| | - Anny Cárdenas
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Megan J. Huggett
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Felicity Kuek
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie L. Meyer
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Moritz Müller
- Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - F. Joseph Pollock
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Hawaii and Palmyra Programs, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Michael S. Rappé
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kaneohe, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mathieu Sere
- Aquatic Research Facility, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - Koty H. Sharp
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Nathan Zaccardi
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, Roger Williams University, Bristol, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raquel Peixoto
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wada N, Ishimochi M, Matsui T, Pollock FJ, Tang SL, Ainsworth TD, Willis BL, Mano N, Bourne DG. Characterization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coral Acropora hyacinthus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14662. [PMID: 31601819 PMCID: PMC6787259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diversity associated with corals has been studied extensively, however, localization of bacterial associations within the holobiont is still poorly resolved. Here we provide novel insight into the localization of coral-associated microbial aggregates (CAMAs) within tissues of the coral Acropora hyacinthus. In total, 318 and 308 CAMAs were characterized via histological and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) approaches respectively, and shown to be distributed extensively throughout coral tissues collected from five sites in Japan and Australia. The densities of CAMAs within the tissues were negatively correlated with the distance from the coastline (i.e. lowest densities at offshore sites). CAMAs were randomly distributed across the six coral tissue regions investigated. Within each CAMA, bacterial cells had similar morphological characteristics, but bacterial morphologies varied among CAMAs, with at least five distinct types identified. Identifying the location of microorganisms associated with the coral host is a prerequisite for understanding their contributions to fitness. Localization of tissue-specific communities housed within CAMAs is particularly important, as these communities are potentially important contributors to vital metabolic functions of the holobiont.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Wada
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0813, Kanagawa, Japan.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Mizuki Ishimochi
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0813, Kanagawa, Japan.,Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Taeko Matsui
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0813, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - F Joseph Pollock
- The Nature Conservancy, Caribbean Division, Coral Gables, FL, 33134, USA.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia.,Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, 16802, PA, USA
| | - Sen-Lin Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Nangang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tracy D Ainsworth
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Bette L Willis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Nobuhiro Mano
- Department of Marine Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, Fujisawa, 252-0813, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - David G Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia. .,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pollock FJ, Lamb JB, van de Water JAJM, Smith HA, Schaffelke B, Willis BL, Bourne DG. Reduced diversity and stability of coral-associated bacterial communities and suppressed immune function precedes disease onset in corals. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:190355. [PMID: 31312497 PMCID: PMC6599770 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Disease is an emerging threat to coral reef ecosystems worldwide, highlighting the need to understand how environmental conditions interact with coral immune function and associated microbial communities to affect holobiont health. Increased coral disease incidence on reefs adjacent to permanently moored platforms on Australia's Great Barrier Reef provided a unique case study to investigate environment-host-microbe interactions in situ. Here, we evaluate coral-associated bacterial community (16S rRNA amplicon sequencing), immune function (protein-based prophenoloxidase-activating system), and water quality parameters before, during and after a disease event. Over the course of the study, 31% of tagged colonies adjacent to platforms developed signs of white syndrome (WS), while all control colonies on a platform-free reef remained visually healthy. Corals adjacent to platforms experienced significant reductions in coral immune function. Additionally, the corals at platform sites that remained visually healthy throughout the study had reduced bacterial diversity compared to healthy colonies at the platform-free site. Interestingly, prior to the observation of macroscopic disease, corals that would develop WS had reduced bacterial diversity and significantly greater community heterogeneity between colonies compared to healthy corals at the same location. These results suggest that activities associated with offshore marine infrastructure impacts coral immunocompetence and associated bacterial community, which affects the susceptibility of corals to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Joseph Pollock
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joleah B. Lamb
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeroen A. J. M. van de Water
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 8 Quai Antoine 1er, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Hillary A. Smith
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Britta Schaffelke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bette L. Willis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - David G. Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pollock FJ, McMinds R, Smith S, Bourne DG, Willis BL, Medina M, Thurber RV, Zaneveld JR. Coral-associated bacteria demonstrate phylosymbiosis and cophylogeny. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4921. [PMID: 30467310 PMCID: PMC6250698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleractinian corals’ microbial symbionts influence host health, yet how coral microbiomes assembled over evolution is not well understood. We survey bacterial and archaeal communities in phylogenetically diverse Australian corals representing more than 425 million years of diversification. We show that coral microbiomes are anatomically compartmentalized in both modern microbial ecology and evolutionary assembly. Coral mucus, tissue, and skeleton microbiomes differ in microbial community composition, richness, and response to host vs. environmental drivers. We also find evidence of coral-microbe phylosymbiosis, in which coral microbiome composition and richness reflect coral phylogeny. Surprisingly, the coral skeleton represents the most biodiverse coral microbiome, and also shows the strongest evidence of phylosymbiosis. Interactions between bacterial and coral phylogeny significantly influence the abundance of four groups of bacteria–including Endozoicomonas-like bacteria, which divide into host-generalist and host-specific subclades. Together these results trace microbial symbiosis across anatomy during the evolution of a basal animal lineage. Associations between corals and symbiotic microorganisms could be driven by the environment or shared evolutionary history. Here, the authors examine relationships between coral phylogenies and associated microbiomes, finding evidence of phylosymbiosis in microbes from coral skeleton and tissue, but not mucus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Joseph Pollock
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ryan McMinds
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Styles Smith
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David G Bourne
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Bette L Willis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Mónica Medina
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Lab, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Smithsonian Institution, 9100 Panama City PL, Washington, DC, 20521, USA
| | - Rebecca Vega Thurber
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 226 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Jesse R Zaneveld
- Division of Biological Sciences, Bothell, School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Washington, UWBB-277, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The concept of symbiosis – defined in 1879 by de Bary as ‘the living together of unlike organisms’ – has a rich and convoluted history in biology. In part, because it questioned the concept of the individual, symbiosis fell largely outside mainstream science and has traditionally received less attention than other research disciplines. This is gradually changing. In nature organisms do not live in isolation but rather interact with, and are impacted by, diverse beings throughout their life histories. Symbiosis is now recognized as a central driver of evolution across the entire tree of life, including, for example, bacterial endosymbionts that provide insects with vital nutrients and the mitochondria that power our own cells. Symbioses between microbes and their multicellular hosts also underpin the ecological success of some of the most productive ecosystems on the planet, including hydrothermal vents and coral reefs. In November 2017, scientists working in fields spanning the life sciences came together at a Company of Biologists’ workshop to discuss the origin, maintenance, and long-term implications of symbiosis from the complementary perspectives of cell biology, ecology, evolution and genomics, taking into account both model and non-model organisms. Here, we provide a brief synthesis of the fruitful discussions that transpired. Summary: At a recent Company of Biologists workshop, evolutionary biologists discussed the major outstanding questions in symbiosis research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Raina
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Laura Eme
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F Joseph Pollock
- Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Anja Spang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,NIOZ, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, and Utrecht University, P.O. Box 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - John M Archibald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tom A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Ave, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pollock FJ, Katz SM, van de Water JAJM, Davies SW, Hein M, Torda G, Matz MV, Beltran VH, Buerger P, Puill-Stephan E, Abrego D, Bourne DG, Willis BL. Coral larvae for restoration and research: a large-scale method for rearing Acropora millepora larvae, inducing settlement, and establishing symbiosis. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3732. [PMID: 28894640 PMCID: PMC5591638 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe an efficient and effective technique for rearing sexually-derived coral propagules from spawning through larval settlement and symbiont uptake with minimal impact on natural coral populations. We sought to maximize larval survival while minimizing expense and daily husbandry maintenance by experimentally determining optimized conditions and protocols for gamete fertilization, larval cultivation, induction of larval settlement by crustose coralline algae, and inoculation of newly settled juveniles with their dinoflagellate symbiont Symbiodinium. Larval rearing densities at or below 0.2 larvae mL-1 were found to maximize larval survival and settlement success in culture tanks while minimizing maintenance effort. Induction of larval settlement via the addition of a ground mixture of diverse crustose coralline algae (CCA) is recommended, given the challenging nature of in situ CCA identification and our finding that non settlement-inducing CCA assemblages do not inhibit larval settlement if suitable assemblages are present. Although order of magnitude differences in infectivity were found between common Great Barrier Reef Symbiodinium clades C and D, no significant differences in Symbiodinium uptake were observed between laboratory-cultured and wild-harvested symbionts in each case. The technique presented here for Acropora millepora can be adapted for research and restoration efforts in a wide range of broadcast spawning coral species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Joseph Pollock
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Sefano M Katz
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeroen A J M van de Water
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
| | - Sarah W Davies
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hil, NC, United States of America.,Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Margaux Hein
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gergely Torda
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mikhail V Matz
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Victor H Beltran
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick Buerger
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eneour Puill-Stephan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David Abrego
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - David G Bourne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bette L Willis
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Page CA, Field SN, Pollock FJ, Lamb JB, Shedrawi G, Wilson SK. Assessing coral health and disease from digital photographs and in situ surveys. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:18. [PMID: 27981464 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Methods for monitoring the status of marine communities are increasingly adopting the use of images captured in the field. However, it is not always clear how data collected from photographic images relate to historic data collected using traditional underwater visual census methods. Here, we compare coral health and disease data collected in situ by scuba divers with photographic images collected simultaneously at 12 coral reef sites. Five globally relevant coral diseases were detected on 194 colonies from in situ surveys and 79 colonies from photos, whilst 698 colonies from in situ surveys and 535 colonies from photos exhibited signs of compromised health other than disease. Comparisons of in situ surveys with photographic analyses indicated that the number of disease cases occurring in the examined coral populations (prevalence) was six times higher (4.5 vs. 0.8% of colonies), whilst compromised health was three times higher (14 vs. 4% of colonies) from in situ surveys. Skeletal eroding band disease, sponge overgrowth and presence of Waminoa flatworms were not detected in photographs, though they were identified in situ. Estimates of black band disease and abnormally pigmented coral tissues were similar between the two methods. Estimates of the bleached and healthy colonies were also similar between methods and photographic analyses were a strong predictor of bleached (r 2 = 0.8) and healthy (r 2 = 0.5) colony prevalence from in situ surveys. Moreover, when data on disease and compromised health states resulting in white or pale coral colony appearance were pooled, the prevalence of 'white' colonies from in situ (14%) and photographic analyses (11%) were statistically similar. Our results indicate that information on coral disease and health collected by in situ surveys and photographic analyses are not directly comparable, with in situ surveys generally providing higher estimates of prevalence and greater ability to identify some diseases and compromised states. Careful sampling of photographs can however identify signs of coral stress, including some coral diseases, which may be used to trigger early-warning management interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Page
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - S N Field
- Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - F J Pollock
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - J B Lamb
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14583, USA
| | - G Shedrawi
- Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
| | - S K Wilson
- Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia.
- School of Plant Biology, Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pollock FJ, Lamb JB, Field SN, Heron SF, Schaffelke B, Shedrawi G, Bourne DG, Willis BL. Sediment and turbidity associated with offshore dredging increase coral disease prevalence on nearby reefs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102498. [PMID: 25029525 PMCID: PMC4100925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, coral reef ecosystems have declined to the extent that reefs are now threatened globally. While many water quality parameters have been proposed to contribute to reef declines, little evidence exists conclusively linking specific water quality parameters with increased disease prevalence in situ. Here we report evidence from in situ coral health surveys confirming that chronic exposure to dredging-associated sediment plumes significantly increase the prevalence of white syndromes, a devastating group of globally important coral diseases. Coral health surveys were conducted along a dredging-associated sediment plume gradient to assess the relationship between sedimentation, turbidity and coral health. Reefs exposed to the highest number of days under the sediment plume (296 to 347 days) had two-fold higher levels of disease, largely driven by a 2.5-fold increase in white syndromes, and a six-fold increase in other signs of compromised coral health relative to reefs with little or no plume exposure (0 to 9 days). Multivariate modeling and ordination incorporating sediment exposure level, coral community composition and cover, predation and multiple thermal stress indices provided further confirmation that sediment plume exposure level was the main driver of elevated disease and other compromised coral health indicators. This study provides the first evidence linking dredging-associated sedimentation and turbidity with elevated coral disease prevalence in situ. Our results may help to explain observed increases in global coral disease prevalence in recent decades and suggest that minimizing sedimentation and turbidity associated with coastal development will provide an important management tool for controlling coral disease epizootics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Joseph Pollock
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joleah B Lamb
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stuart N Field
- Department of Parks and Wildlife, Marine Science Program, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia; Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Scott F Heron
- NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Marine Geophysical Laboratory, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Britta Schaffelke
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - George Shedrawi
- Department of Parks and Wildlife, Marine Science Program, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David G Bourne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bette L Willis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cohen Y, Joseph Pollock F, Rosenberg E, Bourne DG. Phage therapy treatment of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Microbiologyopen 2012; 2:64-74. [PMID: 23239510 PMCID: PMC3584214 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio coralliilyticus is an important coral pathogen demonstrated to cause disease outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the feasibility of applying bacteriophage therapy to treat the coral pathogen V. coralliilyticus. A specific bacteriophage for V. coralliilyticus strain P1 (LMG23696), referred to here as bacteriophage YC, was isolated from the seawater above corals at Nelly Bay, Magnetic Island, central Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the same location where the bacterium was first isolated. Bacteriophage YC was shown to be a lytic phage belonging to the Myoviridae family, with a rapid replication rate, high burst size, and high affinity to its host. By infecting its host bacterium, bacteriophage YC was able to prevent bacterial-induced photosystem inhibition in pure cultures of Symbiodinium, the photosymbiont partner of coral and a target for virulence factors produced by the bacterial pathogen. Phage therapy experiments using coral juveniles in microtiter plates as a model system revealed that bacteriophage YC was able to prevent V. coralliilyticus-induced photoinactivation and tissue lysis. These results demonstrate that bacteriophage YC has the potential to treat coral disease outbreaks caused by the bacterial pathogen V. coralliilyticus, making it a good candidate for phage therapy treatment of coral disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Cohen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pollock FJ, Wilson B, Johnson WR, Morris PJ, Willis BL, Bourne DG. Phylogeny of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Environ Microbiol Rep 2010; 2:172-178. [PMID: 23766013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2009.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A phenotypic and phylogenetic comparison of geographically disparate isolates of the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus was conducted to determine whether the bacterium exists as a single cosmopolitan clonal population, which might indicate rapid spread of a pandemic strain, or is grouped into endemic and genotypically distinct strains. All strains included in this study displayed similar phenotypic characteristics to those of the typed V. coralliilyticus strain LMG 20984(T) . Five phylogenetic marker genes (16S, rpoA, recA, pyrH and dnaJ) frequently used for discriminating closely related Vibrio species and a zinc-metalloprotease gene (vcpA) linked to pathogenicity were sequenced in 13 V. coralliilyticus isolates collected from corals, bivalves, and their surrounding seawater in the Red and Caribbean Seas, and Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. A high level of genetic polymorphism was observed with all isolates possessing unique genotypes at all six genetic loci examined. No consistent lineage structure was observed within the marker genes and homologous recombination was detected in the 16S and vcpA genes, suggesting that V. coralliilyticus does not possess a highly clonal population structure. Interestingly, two geographically distinct (Caribbean/south-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific/north-Atlantic) and highly divergent clades were detected within the zinc-metalloprotease gene, but it is not known if these clades correspond to phenotypic differences in virulence. These findings stress the need for a multi-locus approach for inferring V. coralliilyticus phylogeny and indicate that populations of this bacterium are likely an endemic component of coral reef ecosystems globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Joseph Pollock
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville 4810, Australia. College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pollock FJ. Survey of 200 blind veterans as to age, visual acuity and etiology. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon 1972; 51:58-60. [PMID: 5009081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
16
|
|