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Camarca A, Gianfrani C, Ariemma F, Cimmino I, Bruzzese D, Scerbo R, Picascia S, D’Esposito V, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Valentino R. Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Function and Dendritic Cell Differentiation Are Affected by Bisphenol-A Exposure. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161122. [PMID: 27509021 PMCID: PMC4980038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants, including endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs), interfere on human health, leading to hormonal, immune and metabolic perturbations. Bisphenol-A (BPA), a main component of polycarbonate plastics, has been receiving increased attention due to its worldwide distribution with a large exposure. In humans, BPA, for its estrogenic activity, may have a role in autoimmunity, inflammatory and allergic diseases. To this aim, we assessed the effect of low BPA doses on functionality of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and on in vitro differentiation of dendritic cells from monocytes (mDCs). Fresh peripheral blood samples were obtained from 12 healthy adult volunteers. PBMCs were left unstimulated or were activated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and incubated in presence or absence of BPA at 0.1 and 1nM concentrations. The immune-modulatory effect of BPA was assessed by evaluating the cell proliferation and the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) secreted by PBMCs. mDCs were differentiated with IL-4 and GC-CSF with or without BPA and the expression of differentiation/maturation markers (CD11c, CD1a, CD86, HLA-DR) was evaluated by flow cytometry; furthermore, a panel of 27 different cytokines, growth factors and chemokines were assayed in the mDC culture supernatants. PBMCs proliferation significantly increased upon BPA exposure compared to BPA untreated cells. In addition, a significant decrease in IL-10 secretion was observed in PBMCs incubated with BPA, either in unstimulated or mitogen-stimulated cells, and at both 0.1 and 1nM BPA concentrations. Similarly, IL-13 was reduced, mainly in cells activated by antiCD3/CD28. By contrast, no significant changes in IFN-γ and IL-4 production were found in any condition assayed. Finally, BPA at 1nM increased the density of dendritic cells expressing CD1a and concomitantly decreased the expression of HLA-DR and CD86 activation markers. In conclusion, in humans the exposure to BPA causes on PBMCs a significant modulation of proliferative capacity and cytokine production, and on mDCs alteration in differentiation and phenotype. These immune cell alterations suggest that low dose chronic exposure to BPA could be involved in immune deregulation and possibly in the increased susceptibility to develop inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Camarca
- Institute of Food Science (ISA), National Council of Research (CNR), via Roma 64–83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Carmen Gianfrani
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), CNR, via P. Castellino 11–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ariemma
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Bruzzese
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Scerbo
- Institute of Food Science (ISA), National Council of Research (CNR), via Roma 64–83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Stefania Picascia
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP), CNR, via P. Castellino 11–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D’Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Valentino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
- URT “Genomic of Diabetes”, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), CNR, via S. Pansini 5–80131, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ariemma F, D’Esposito V, Liguoro D, Oriente F, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Cimmino I, Longo M, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Valentino R. Low-Dose Bisphenol-A Impairs Adipogenesis and Generates Dysfunctional 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150762. [PMID: 26942597 PMCID: PMC4778877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental endocrine disruptors (EDCs), including bisphenol-A (BPA), have been recently involved in obesity and diabetes by dysregulating adipose tissue function. Our aim was to examine whether prolonged exposure to low doses of BPA could affect adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolic functions. Therefore, 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were cultured for three weeks with BPA 1 nM to mimic human environmental exposure. We evaluated BPA effect on cell proliferation, differentiation, gene expression and adipocyte metabolic function. BPA significantly increased pre-adipocyte proliferation (p<0.01). In 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiated in the presence of BPA, the expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4/Adipocyte Protein 2 (FABP4/AP2) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) was increased by 3.5, 1.5 and 3 folds, respectively. Mature adipocytes also showed a significant increase in lipid accumulation (p<0.05) and alterations of insulin action, with significant reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose utilization (p<0.001). Moreover, in mature adipocytes, mRNA levels of Leptin, interleukin-6 (IL6) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) were significantly increased (p<0.05). In conclusion, BPA prolonged exposure at low doses, consistent with those found in the environment, may affect adipocyte differentiation program, enhancing pre-adipocyte proliferation and anticipating the expression of the master genes involved in lipid/glucose metabolism. The resulting adipocytes are hypertrophic, with impaired insulin signaling, reduced glucose utilization and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Thus, these data supported the hypothesis that BPA exposure, during critical stages of adipose tissue development, may cause adipocyte metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of developing obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Ariemma
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria D’Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Oriente
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Valentino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Valentino R, D'Esposito V, Ariemma F, Cimmino I, Beguinot F, Formisano P. Bisphenol A environmental exposure and the detrimental effects on human metabolic health: is it necessary to revise the risk assessment in vulnerable population? J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39:259-63. [PMID: 26105974 PMCID: PMC4761008 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, many reports have focused the attention on deleterious effects of novel environmental chemical compounds, including bisphenol A (BPA), on human health. BPA, a common and widely chemical contaminant acting as endocrine disruptor, accumulates in adipose tissue and may affect adipocyte metabolic and inflammatory functions. BPA, at low chronic doses, is now considered as an obesogen compound, and might contribute to the rise of metabolic syndrome, visceral adiposity and diabetes epidemics. The BPA worldwide presence in the environment is responsible for chronic exposure during vulnerable periods, such as foetal and neonatal life. The BPA source of contamination can occur via food, beverage, wastewater, air, dust and soil. BPA, as lipophilic compound, may accumulate into the adipose tissue already during foetal life and may affect adulthood health, through adverse effects on the growth and development of organs and tissues. Thus, based on several studies, it would be crucial to consider further actions aimed to refine risk assessment at least in vulnerable population, such as foetuses, infants and young children, to prevent metabolic diseases and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valentino
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR) IEOS-CNR, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - V D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - F Ariemma
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - I Cimmino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - F Beguinot
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR) IEOS-CNR, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - P Formisano
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR) IEOS-CNR, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Savastano S, Tarantino G, D'Esposito V, Passaretti F, Cabaro S, Liotti A, Liguoro D, Perruolo G, Ariemma F, Finelli C, Beguinot F, Formisano P, Valentino R. Bisphenol-A plasma levels are related to inflammatory markers, visceral obesity and insulin-resistance: a cross-sectional study on adult male population. J Transl Med 2015; 13:169. [PMID: 26021871 PMCID: PMC4467609 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current increase of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) focuses attention on bisphenol-A (BPA), "obesogen" endocrine disruptor, main plastic component. Aim was to verify the role of BPA in metabolic alterations, insulin resistance, low grade inflammation and visceral obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed in 76 out of 139 environmentally exposed adult males, unselected Caucasian subjects, enrolled by routine health survey at the "Federico II" University of Naples outpatient facilities. BPA plasma levels (ELISA), metabolic risk factors, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index, plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were performed. Clinical and biochemical parameters have been compared with BPA and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. RESULTS In total 24 subjects out of 76 (32%) presented with waist circumference (WC) >102 cm, 36 (47%) had impaired fasting glucose and 24 (32%) subjects had insulin resistance [11 out 52 (21%) with WC ≤102 cm and 13 out of 24 with WC >102 cm (54%), χ(2) 6.825, p = 0.009]. BPA and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly higher in subjects with visceral adiposity (WC > 102 cm). BPA correlated with WC, triglycerides, glucose homeostasis and inflammatory markers. At the multivariate analysis WC and IL-6 remained the main predictors of BPA. CONCLUSIONS Detectable BPA plasma levels have been found also in our population. The strictly association between BPA and WC, components of MS, and inflammatory markers, further supports the BPA role in visceral obesity-related low grade chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- INT "Fondazione Pascale", Cancer Research Center of Mercogliano, 83013, Mercogliano, AV, Italy.
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Passaretti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Serena Cabaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Liotti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Domenico Liguoro
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Ariemma
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, C/da S. Lucia, Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy.
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rossella Valentino
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Council of Research (CNR), "Federico II" University of Naples, via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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