Evaluation of the effect of electron beam therapy on oxidative stress and some minerals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: The study on the control and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as a growing metabolic disease in the world, is important. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in uncontrolled diabetes can play a role in the consequences of diabetes such as neuropathy and nephropathy. The presence of minerals as bioactive compounds in the diet and their role in antioxidant enzymes can play a role in reducing the oxidative effects of diabetes. Electron beam therapy as an adjunct method can be effective in reducing free radicals and oxidative stress. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electron beam therapy on glucose, oxidative markers and some minerals, as bioactive compound, in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study was performed on 30 volunteers with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 healthy volunteers as a control group. Serum samples from diabetic and control groups were assayed for glucose, hydrogen peroxide, reactive oxygen species and minerals such as iron, zinc, copper, magnesium and selenium binding protein before and after electron beam irradiation. ATP levels and NAD/NADH ratio were also evaluated. The mentioned parameters were measured by ELISA and calorimetric methods according to the relevant kit protocol. Electron beam therapy was performed using a linear accelerator. The used amount of energy was 9 MeV. The depth of treatment was 1.5 cm.Results: The results of electron beam therapy showed that the concentrations of glucose, reactive oxygen species, hydrogen peroxide, copper and iron were significantly (P value < 0.05) reduced in diabetics. Zinc levels in this group increased significantly (P value < 0.05). In control group, ATP levels were significantly (P value < 0.05) increased by electron beam therapy.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, electron beam therapy can be effective in reduction of oxidation indexes and thus reducing oxidative stress. Electron beam therapy can be effective in reducing the consequences of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Electron beam therapy, Oxidative stress, Mineral, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Accuracy of cancer diagnostic probe for intra-surgical checking of cavity side margins in neoadjuvant breast cancer cases: A human model study

BACKGROUND

Background Recently, a real-time system, named cancer diagnostic probe (CDP), has been developed to diagnose the presence of pre-neoplastic/neoplastic cells in breast cavity side margins. Detecting mechanism is real-time determination of the ROS/H₂ O₂ released from cancer or atypical cells, through reverse Warburg effect and hypoxia glycolysis pathways.

AIMS

Here, we designed a human model study based on real-time checking of 387 internal margins (IM) from 39 neoadjuvant breast cancer cases by CDP. MATERIALS & METHODS: Each lesion was checked by entered needle sensor and electrical scores were recorded. The permanent pathology result of each tested lesion was our gold standard to evaluate CDP scoring. CDP results were compared with permanent pathology of tumour side margins (as a conventional margin evaluation procedure).

RESULTS

Results showed that the sensitivity of CDP in scoring the cavity side margins of those cases is 91%. A total of 18 involved IM which had been detected by CDP were declared as free margins in pathology section of tumour side samples. Just five involved IM were missed by CDP.

DISCUSSIONS

Such sensitivity revealed that metabolism based (here: hypoxia glycolysis) tracing of cancer cells show distinct electrochemical responses between clear and involved cavity side margin evaluation.

CONCLUSION

This human study showed the promising role of CDP to achieve clear margins after BCS of neoadjuvant cases.