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Akbar M, Ali U, Khalil T, Iqbal MS, Amin A, Naeem R, Nazir A, Waqas HM, Aslam Z, Jafri FI, Aslam N, Chohan SA. Cornus macrophylla, the Antibacterial Activity of Organic Leaf Extracts and the Characterization of the More Lipophilic Components by GC/MS. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102395. [PMID: 32455648 PMCID: PMC7287811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the antibacterial activity of Cornus macrophylla was examined. Organic solvent extracts of leaves were prepared using methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was examined by using a 100 mg/mL extract concentration. Penicillin was kept as a positive control while dimethyl sulfoxide was taken as a negative control. Methanolic extract exhibited a 21.5, 36.3, 25.3, and 23.7 mm inhibition zone diameter (IZD); n-hexane showed a 33, 40, 32.8, and 28.7 mm IZD; chloroform showed a 18.8, 29, 22.3, and 21.6 mm IZD; and ethyl acetate showed a 23.5, 30.2, 30, and 22.3 mm IZD against Erwinia carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae, Ralstonia solanacearum, and Xanthomonas axonopodis, respectively. The n-hexane extract revealed high antibacterial activity against all bacterial species as compared with methanolic, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extract. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of n-hexane extract depicted the presence of 55 compounds. Out of these compounds, one compound, identified as α-amyrin (Mol. wt = 426), exhibited the maximum peak area (32.64%), followed by A'-Neogammacer-22(29)-en-3-ol, acetate, (3.beta.,21.beta.)- (Mol. wt = 468) and β-amyrin (Mol. wt = 426) having peak areas of 25.97 and 6.77%, respectively. It was concluded that the antibacterial activity observed during the present investigation may be due to these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-333-7645058
| | - Usman Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Tayyaba Khalil
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Iqbal
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Awais Amin
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Rehan Naeem
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Abdul Nazir
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Tobe Camp, Abbottabad 22060, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Zohaib Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Faisal Iqbal Jafri
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Nazir Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Safeer Akbar Chohan
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan; (U.A.); (T.K.); (M.S.I.); (A.A.); (H.M.W.); (Z.A.); (F.I.J.); (N.A.); (S.A.C.)
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