1
|
Liu ZS, Cui YH, Sun D, Lu Q, Jiang YW, Jiang L, Wang JQ, Luo R, Fang F, Zhou SZ, Wang Y, Cai FC, Lin Q, Xiong L, Zheng Y, Qin J. Current Status, Diagnosis, and Treatment Recommendation for Tic Disorders in China. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:774. [PMID: 32903695 PMCID: PMC7438753 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tic disorders (TD) are a group neuropsychiatric disorders with childhood onset characterized by tics, i.e. repetitive, sudden, and involuntary movements or vocalizations; and Tourette syndrome (TS) is the most severe form of TD. Their clinical manifestations are diverse; and are often associated with various psychopathological and/or behavioral comorbidities, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Individual severity and response to treatment are highly variable, and there are some refractory cases, which are less responsive to conventional TD treatment. TD/TS are also common in the Chinese pediatric population. To help improve the understanding of TD for pediatricians and other health professionals, and to improve its diagnosis and treatment in China, the Chinese Child Neurology Society (CCNS) has developed an Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of TD in China, which is based on our clinical experience and the availability therapeutic avenues. It is focused on clinical diagnosis and evaluation of TD and its comorbidities, psychological and educational intervention, nonpharmacological therapy, pharmacological treatment, including traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture, as well as prognosis in children with TD in China. A summary of the current status of TD and up-to-date diagnosis and treatment recommendations for TD in China is presented here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Hua Cui
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Wu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Huaxi Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Zhen Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Pediatric Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang-Cheng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Xiong
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiong Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang MH, Liu J, Zhou YL, Yang H, Cai FC, Zempel J, Yang QW, Liu SY. Asymmetric Slow-Spike-Wave Patterns with Maximal Discharges Contralateral to MRI Lesions Predict Better Surgical Prognosis in Symptomatic Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome or Lennox-Gastaut Phenotypes. Pediatr Neurosurg 2020; 55:26-35. [PMID: 31851997 DOI: 10.1159/000504513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe subtype of childhood-onset epileptic encephalopathy with drug-resistant and poor surgical prognosis. However, electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns of symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes with structural brain lesions including focal abnormalities or asymmetric slow-spike-wave (SSW) patterns remain largely unknown. Due to the contradictory lateralization difference between MRI lesions and EEG pattern in symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes, it is difficult to determine the precise lateralization of epileptic lesions, which is crucial to better surgical prognosis. This study is aim to ascertain the clinical characteristics of the EEG patterns, and its relationship with MRI lesions and to evaluate its prognostic value of surgical treatment in symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes. METHODS Twenty-four symptomatic LGS cases with asymmetric EEG SSW patterns and contralaterally independent or contralaterally dominant MRI lesions were collected, and their clinical features were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS In this cohort, most of lesions were perinatal or acquired during the first 6 months of life. The most common etiology was intracerebral hemorrhage. The LGS patients with both asymmetric SSW and focal sporadic epileptic waves (SEW) patterns showed the best surgical outcome with Engel class I level. Asymmetric SSW patterns with maximal discharges contralateral to MRI lesions were frequently observed in most of symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes. Predominantly diffuse destructive lesions led to an attenuated voltage of ipsilateral scalp EEG producing an asymmetric SSW pattern in those patients with symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a special SEW EEG pattern in symptomatic LG patients with asymmetric SSW and MRI lesions contralateral to the dominant EEG patterns. Contradictory lateralization difference between MRI and EEG probably arises from the relative voltage attenuation presenting in EEG ipsilateral to huge destructive lesions from early life. Our study suggests that the independent focal SEW activity remaining ipsilateral to the MRI lesion can potentially predict better surgical prognosis in symptomatic LGS or LG phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Yang
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Ling Zhou
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-Cheng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John Zempel
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Yong Liu
- Epilepsy Centre, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen XQ, Zhang WN, Yang ZX, Zhao M, Cai FC, Huang SP, Gao L, Pang BD, Chen X, Zou LP. Efficacy of levetiracetam in electrical status epilepticus during sleep of children: a multicenter experience. Pediatr Neurol 2014; 50:243-9. [PMID: 24316167 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrical status epilepticus during sleep is characterized by epilepsy, a specific electroencephalographic pattern, and neuropsychological impairment. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in treating children with electrical status epilepticus during sleep. METHODS A multicenter, retrospective, open-label study enrolled 73 children (mean age: 8 years) affected by electrical status epilepticus during sleep. The efficacy was rated according to the seizure frequency and electroencephalography response. RESULTS After a mean treatment period of 19 months (range: 6 to 24 months), 33 (63.5%) of 52 patients became seizure-free or had experienced remarkable reduction in seizures. The electrical status epilepticus of 41 (56.2%) of 73 patients disappeared off their electroencephalography. The electroencephalography efficacy of levetiracetam treatment was noted in the monotherapy (61.9%) and add-on (53.9%) groups. The clinical (67.7%) and electroencephalography (64.3%) response rates of the idiopathic group were better than those of the symptomatic group (57.1% and 45.2%, respectively). No patient discontinued the trial because of intolerability of side effects. CONCLUSIONS Levetiracetam is effective in individuals with electrical status epilepticus during sleep with tolerable side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Na Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Cheng Cai
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shao-Ping Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bao-Dong Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangshan Maternal and Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Urumqi Children's Hospital, Urumqi, China
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu SY, An N, Yang MH, Hou Z, Liu Y, Liao W, Zhang Q, Cai FC, Yang H. Surgical treatment for epilepsy in 17 children with tuberous sclerosis-related West syndrome. Epilepsy Res 2012; 101:36-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
5
|
Shu XM, Cai FC, Zhang XP. Axonal degeneration induced by intraneural injection of Campylobacter jejuni antiserum containing high titer anti-GM1 antibody. Neuropediatrics 2007; 38:228-32. [PMID: 18330836 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1062702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside-like structures in CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI ( C. JEJUNI) lipooligosaccharide (LOS) can induce antiganglioside antibodies, which might cause nerve damage. In this study, we injected the following three antisera directly into the sciatic nerve of guinea pigs, to investigate the role of anti-glycolipids antibody in inducing neural injury: (i) the wild strain antiserum, a mixture of the sera obtained from the guinea pigs immunized with C. JEJUNI wild-type strain (HS:19) that had a high titer anti-GM1 IgG antibody (range: 800-6,400; median: 2,400) and a high titer anti-LOS IgG antibody; (ii) the GALE mutant antiserum, a mixture of the sera obtained from the guinea pigs immunized with the GALE mutant strain that had only a high titer anti-LOS IgG antibody but no anti-GM1 antibody; and (iii) the control antiserum, a mixture of the sera obtained from the guinea pigs immunized with Freund's complete adjuvant alone which had no anti-GM1 or anti-LOS IgG antibody. Pathological examinations showed that the wild strain C. JEJUNI antiserum produced axonal degeneration in sciatic nerves. Demyelination was rare, and no inflammatory cells were present. The pathological features are consistent with those seen in human patients with axonal GBS. No such changes were observed in nerves injected with the GALE mutant antiserum. The experiment showed that passive transfer of serum containing high titer GM1 antibody caused axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves. The result, which reproduced our previous findings in an active immunization study, therefore further confirmed the critical role of the anti-glycolipid antibody in the induction of neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X M Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|