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Costa VAB, Midgley AW, Baumgart JK, Carroll S, Astorino TA, Schaun GZ, Fonseca GF, Cunha FA. Confirming the attainment of maximal oxygen uptake within special and clinical groups: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiopulmonary exercise test and verification phase protocols. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299563. [PMID: 38547136 PMCID: PMC10977812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A plateau in oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) during an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to volitional exhaustion appears less likely to occur in special and clinical populations. Secondary maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) criteria have been shown to commonly underestimate the actual [Formula: see text]. The verification phase protocol might determine the occurrence of 'true' [Formula: see text] in these populations. The primary aim of the current study was to systematically review and provide a meta-analysis on the suitability of the verification phase for confirming 'true' [Formula: see text] in special and clinical groups. Secondary aims were to explore the applicability of the verification phase according to specific participant characteristics and investigate which test protocols and procedures minimise the differences between the highest [Formula: see text] values attained in the CPET and verification phase. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and EMBASE) were searched using specific search strategies and relevant data were extracted from primary studies. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed. Meta-analysis techniques were applied to quantify weighted mean differences (standard deviations) in peak [Formula: see text] from a CPET and a verification phase within study groups using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses investigated the differences in [Formula: see text] according to individual characteristics and test protocols. The methodological quality of the included primary studies was assessed using a modified Downs and Black checklist to obtain a level of evidence. Participant-level [Formula: see text] data were analysed according to the threshold criteria reported by the studies or the inherent measurement error of the metabolic analysers and displayed as Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Forty-three studies were included in the systematic review, whilst 30 presented quantitative information for meta-analysis. Within the 30 studies, the highest mean [Formula: see text] values attained in the CPET and verification phase protocols were similar (mean difference = -0.00 [95% confidence intervals, CI = -0.03 to 0.03] L·min-1, p = 0.87; level of evidence, LoE: strong). The specific clinical groups with sufficient primary studies to be meta-analysed showed a similar [Formula: see text] between the CPET and verification phase (p > 0.05, LoE: limited to strong). Across all 30 studies, [Formula: see text] was not affected by differences in test protocols (p > 0.05; LoE: moderate to strong). Only 23 (53.5%) of the 43 reviewed studies reported how many participants achieved a lower, equal, or higher [Formula: see text] value in the verification phase versus the CPET or reported or supplied participant-level [Formula: see text] data for this information to be obtained. The percentage of participants that achieved a lower, equal, or higher [Formula: see text] value in the verification phase was highly variable across studies (e.g. the percentage that achieved a higher [Formula: see text] in the verification phase ranged from 0% to 88.9%). CONCLUSION Group-level verification phase data appear useful for confirming a specific CPET protocol likely elicited [Formula: see text], or a reproducible [Formula: see text], for a given special or clinical group. Participant-level data might be useful for confirming whether specific participants have likely elicited [Formula: see text], or a reproducible [Formula: see text], however, more research reporting participant-level data is required before evidence-based guidelines can be given. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021247658) https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. B. Costa
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, England, United Kingdom
| | - Julia K. Baumgart
- Centre for Elite Sports Research, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norway, University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sean Carroll
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, England, United Kingdom
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Z. Schaun
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guilherme F. Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Michalski AC, de Freitas Fonseca G, Midgley AW, Billinger SA, Costa VAB, Dos Santos TR, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Can mixed circuit training elicit the recommended exercise intensity and energy expenditure in people after stroke? Top Stroke Rehabil 2023; 30:751-767. [PMID: 36787495 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2178128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether mixed circuit training (MCT) elicits the recommended exercise intensity and energy expenditure in people after stroke, and to establish the between-day reproducibility for the percentages of heart rate reserve (%HRR), oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2R), and energy expenditure elicited during two bouts of MCT. METHODS Seven people aged 58 (12) yr, who previously had a stroke, performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test, a non-exercise control session, and two bouts of MCT. The MCT included 3 circuits of 10 resistance exercises at 15-repetition maximum intensity, with each set of resistance exercise interspersed with 45-s of walking. Expired gases were collected during the MCT and control session and for 40 min afterward. Control session was necessary to calculate the net energy expenditure associated with each bout of MCT. RESULTS Mean %VO2R (1st MCT: 51.1%, P = .037; 2nd MCT: 54.0%, P = .009) and %HRR (1st MCT: 66.4%, P = .007; 2nd MCT: 67.9%, P = .010) exceeded the recommended minimum intensity of 40%. Both %VO2R (P = .586 and 0.987, respectively) and %HRR (P = .681 and 0.237, respectively) during the 1st and 2nd bouts of MCT were not significantly different to their corresponding gas exchange threshold values derived from cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Mean net total energy expenditure significantly exceeded the minimum recommend energy expenditure in the 1st (P = .048) and 2nd (P = .023) bouts of MCT. Between-day reproducibility for %HRR, %VO2R, and energy expenditure was excellent (ICC: 0.92-0.97). CONCLUSIONS MCT elicited physiological strain recommended for improving health-related fitness in people after stroke and these responses demonstrated excellent between-day reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- André C Michalski
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Freitas Fonseca
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- KU Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - Victor A B Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana R Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fonseca GF, Michalski AC, Ferreira AS, Costa VAB, Massaferri R, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Is postexercise hypotension a method-dependent phenomenon in chronic stroke? A crossover randomized controlled trial. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2023. [PMID: 36646496 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study assessed the reproducibility of postexercise hypotension (PEH) detection after two bouts of mixed circuit training (MCT) using three approaches that accounts the pre-exercise values and/or a control session (CTL) to calculate PEH [i.e., ( A 1 = post - exercise - pre - exercise ${A}_{1}=\text{post}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{exercise}-\text{pre}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{exercise}$ ); ( A 2 = post - exercise - post - CTL ) $({A}_{2}=\text{post}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{exercise}-\text{post}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{CTL})$ ; A 3 = ( post - exercise - pre - exercise ) - ( post - CTL - pre - CTL ) ] ${A}_{3}=(\text{post}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{exercise}-\text{pre}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{exercise})-(\text{post}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{CTL}-\text{pre}{\rm{ \mbox{-} }}\text{CTL})]$ in chronic stroke (i.e., ≥6 months poststroke). The proportion of PEH responders determined using different cut-off values for PEH was also compared (4 mmHg vs. minimal detectable difference). METHODS Seven participants (age: 56 ± 12 years; time post-stroke: 91 ± 55 months) performed two bouts of MCT and a CTL. The MCT involved 10 exercises with 3 sets of 15-repetition maximum, with each set interspersed with 45 s of walking. The systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures were assessed 10-min before and every 10-min along 40-min after CTL and MCT. RESULTS The two-way random intraclass correlation coefficient for single measurements (ICC2,1 ) ranges for SBP were: A1 : 0.580-0.829, A2 : 0.937-0.994, A3 : 0.278-0.774; for DBP: A1 : 0.497-0.916, A2 : 0.133-0.969, A3 : 0.175-0.930. The proportion of PEH responders detected using 4 mmHg or the minimal detectable difference as cut-off values was not different in 97% of analyses (p > 0.05), and higher when using 4 mmHg in 3% of analyses (p = 0.031). The standard error of measurement was ≥4 mmHg in 47% of analyses for SBP, and 40% for DBP. CONCLUSIONS The most reliable approach for determining PEH in chronic stroke was to subtract the postexercise from the post-CTL values. The proportion of PEH responders was not affected by the cut-off values applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F Fonseca
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André C Michalski
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arthur S Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor A B Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Massaferri
- Graduate Program in Operational Human Performance, Air Force University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Massaferri R, Montenegro R, de Freitas Fonseca G, Bernardes W, Cunha FA, Farinatti P. Multimodal physical training combined with tDCS improves physical fitness components in people after stroke: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2023:1-14. [PMID: 36603594 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2165260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) seems to be a potential tool to optimize the long-term effects of multimodal physical training (MPT) on fitness components in post-stroke patients. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of cortical tDCS combined with MPT on motor function reflected by strength, motor performance, and cardiorespiratory capacity in chronic stroke patients. METHODS This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 18 volunteers (55 ± 10 y, 72 ± 13 kg), who underwent MPT preceded by either sham stimulation (SHAM) or 2 mA bi-hemispheric tDCS. MPT consisted of 24 sessions of 60-70 min performed 2 d/wk within 12-16 weeks, with individualized intensity. Outcomes were Fugl-Meyer scores for lower limbs (FM-LL), and total (FM-Total); speed in the 10-m walk test (10MWT); oxygen uptake and work output at maximal effort (VO2max and Wmax), and gas exchange threshold (VO2-GET and W-GET); peak torque of isokinetic knee extension (PT-EXT) and flexion (PT-FLEX) of paretic and non-paretic limbs; bilateral strength deficit during knee extension (DS-EXT) and flexion (DS-FLEX). RESULTS Pre- vs. post-intervention improvements were detected in tDCS vs. SHAM (p < 0.05) for FM-total (29.6% vs. 15.9%; effect size [ES] = 0.78), FM-LL (35.9% vs. 9.0%; ES = 1.23), 10MWT (10.6% vs. 3.8%; ES = 0.67), Wmax (75.0% vs. 4.3%; ES = 1.68), W-GET (91.6% vs. 12.4%; ES = 1.62), PT-EXT (25.6% vs. -6.5%; ES = 1.94) and PT-FLEX (26.3% vs. 9.8%; ES = 0.65) of the paretic limb, and DS-EXT (-13.7% vs. 2.5; ES = 1.43). CONCLUSION Bi-hemispheric cortical tDCS optimized the effects of MPT performed with moderate volume and intensity upon muscle strength, motor function, and cardiorespiratory performance in stroke hemiparetic survivors. (Registration number RBR-22rh3p).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Massaferri
- Graduate Program in Operational Human Performance, Air Force University, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Montenegro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Freitas Fonseca
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wendell Bernardes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, RJ, Brazil
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Midgley AW, Levy AR, Cunha FA, Key A, Patterson JM, Rogers SN. Safety and Feasibility of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2022; 43:170-180. [PMID: 36533848 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assess safety and feasibility of the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) for evaluating head and neck cancer (HaNC) survivors. Also compare their cardiorespiratory fitness to age and sex-matched norms and establish current physical activity levels. METHODS Fifty HaNC survivors [29 male; mean (SD) age, 62 (8) years], who had completed treatment up to 1 year previously, were recruited. Participants performed a CPET on a cycle ergometer to symptom-limited tolerance. Participants completed a questionnaire to report contributory factors they perceived as influencing test termination. Physical activity levels were determined using a self-reported physical activity questionnaire. RESULTS Three participants did not complete the CPET because (1) poor fitting mouthpiece and naso-oral mask due to facial disfiguration from surgery; (2) knee pain elicited by cycling; and (3) early CPET termination due to electrocardiogram artefacts. Participants reached a mean peak oxygen uptake that was 34% lower than predicted and the mean (SD) CPET duration of 7:52 (2:29) min:s was significantly lower than the target test duration of 10 min (p < 0.001). Leg muscle aches and/or breathing discomfort were major contributory factors influencing test termination for 78% of participants, compared to 13% for dry mouth/throat and/or drainage in the mouth/throat. No major adverse events occurred. Participants were categorised as 26% active, 8% moderately active, and 66% insufficiently active. CONCLUSION These preliminary data suggest the CPET appears safe and feasible for most HaNC survivors when strict exclusion criteria are applied; however, low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness should be considered when calculating an appropriate ramp rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport & Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Research CentreEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkL39 4QPUK
| | - Andrew R. Levy
- Department of Psychology and Cardiorespiratory Research CentreEdge Hill UniversityOrmskirkL39 4QPUK
| | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Post‐Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro StateRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Angela Key
- Angela Key, Respiratory LaboratoryLiverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLower LaneLiverpoolUK
| | - Joanne M. Patterson
- Joanne Patterson, PhD, Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, School of Health ScienceUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Simon N. Rogers
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and MedicineEdge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP and Liverpool Head and Neck Centre, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLower LaneLiverpoolUK
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Fonseca GF, Midgley AW, Billinger SA, Michalski AC, Costa VAB, Monteiro W, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Acute effects of mixed circuit training on hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic control in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902903. [PMID: 35928565 PMCID: PMC9343773 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate whether a single bout of mixed circuit training (MCT) can elicit acute blood pressure (BP) reduction in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, a phenomenon also known as post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Methods: Seven participants (58 ± 12 years) performed a non-exercise control session (CTL) and a single bout of MCT on separate days and in a randomized counterbalanced order. The MCT included 10 exercises with 3 sets of 15-repetition maximum per exercise, with each set interspersed with 45 s of walking. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (Q), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed 10 min before and 40 min after CTL and MCT. BP and HRV were also measured during an ambulatory 24-h recovery period. Results: Compared to CTL, SBP (∆-22%), DBP (∆-28%), SVR (∆-43%), BRS (∆-63%), and parasympathetic activity (HF; high-frequency component: ∆-63%) were reduced during 40 min post-MCT (p < 0.05), while Q (∆35%), sympathetic activity (LF; low-frequency component: ∆139%) and sympathovagal balance (LF:HF ratio: ∆145%) were higher (p < 0.001). In the first 10 h of ambulatory assessment, SBP (∆-7%), MAP (∆-6%), and HF (∆-26%) remained lowered, and LF (∆11%) and LF:HF ratio (∆13%) remained elevated post-MCT vs. CTL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A single bout of MCT elicited prolonged PEH in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. This occurred concurrently with increased sympathovagal balance and lowered SVR, suggesting vasodilation capacity is a major determinant of PEH in these patients. This clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-5dn5zd), available at https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5dn5zd. Clinical Trial Registration:https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5dn5zd, identifier RBR-5dn5zd
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F. Fonseca
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra A. Billinger
- Department of Neurology at University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - André C. Michalski
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor A. B. Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Felipe A. Cunha,
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Soares IF, Vasconcellos F, Cunha FA. Time to achieve steady state for an accurate assessment of resting energy expenditure in adolescents with healthy weight and obesity: A cross-sectional study. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2022; 66:206-213. [PMID: 35315987 PMCID: PMC9832904 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study investigated the time needed to achieve a steady state for an accurate assessment of resting energy expenditure (REE) in adolescents with healthy weight and obesity. Methods Thirty adolescents aged 12-17 years were assigned to a group with healthy weight (GHW; n = 12, body mass index [BMI] 22.5 ± 3.6 kg/m2) and another group with obesity (GO; n = 18, BMI 34.1 ± 5.2 kg/m2). Participants underwent test-retest reliability of REE assessment as follows: a) 24 h of abstention from physical exercise, soft drinks, or caffeine; b) fasting for ~12 h; c) acclimation period of 10 min; d) 30-min assessment in a supine position. Results A significant change occurred during the 30 min in REE. Significant differences existed between consecutive means until the 20th and 25th min for the GHW and GO, respectively. Although significant differences between trials 1 and 2 were detected during the first 5-10 min of assessment, the REE for each 5-min time point exhibited high test-retest reliability across trials in both groups (intraclass correlation coefficients range 0.79-0.99). Conclusion The following recommendations are provided to promote accurate assessment of REE among adolescents: a) initiate the REE assessment with 10 min of acclimation to decrease restlessness; b) determine REE for a minimum of 20 min if healthy weight and 25 min if obesity; c) determine REE for a further 5 min, with the average of this last 5 min of REE data being regarded as the REE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela F Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Exercício e Esportes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Fabrício Vasconcellos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Exercício e Esportes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências do Exercício e Esportes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil,
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Dos Santos TR, Billinger SA, Midgley AW, Michalski AC, Costa VAB, Fonseca GF, Cunha FA. Appetite and energy intake following a bout of circuit resistance training in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients: a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Top Stroke Rehabil 2022; 30:309-322. [PMID: 35112661 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2022.2035577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of circuit resistance training (CRT) on post-exercise appetite and energy intake in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. A secondary aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of these effects. METHODS Seven participants met the eligibility criteria and, in a randomized order, participated in a non-exercise control session (CTL) and two bouts of CRT. The CRT involved 10 exercises with 3 sets of 15-repetition maximum per exercise, performed using a vertical loading approach, with each set interspersed with 45s of walking. Expired gases were carried out to calculate the net energy cost of the exercise and the relative energy intake post-CTL/CRT. Hunger, fullness, desire to eat, and energy intake were assessed at baseline and for 12 h after CTL and CRT. RESULTS Compared to CTL, hunger, desire to eat (P < .001), and relative energy intake (P < .05) were significantly lower after CRT, whereas the perception of fullness was significantly higher (P < .001). Significant differences between CTL and CRT were observed only for the first 9 h of the post-exercise period for hunger, fullness, and desire to eat (P < .05). No significant differences in appetite or relative energy intake were observed between the two bouts of CRT. CONCLUSIONS A bout of CRT elicited decreased post-exercise appetite and relative energy intake in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. Decreased appetite perceptions lasted for around 9 h and were reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana R Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra A Billinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, And Rehabilitation Science and Athletic Training at University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,KU Alzheimer's Disease Center, Fairway, Kansas, USA
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Lancashire, UK
| | - André C Michalski
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor A B Costa
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Vasconcellos F, Cunha FA, Gonet DT, Farinatti PTV. Does Recreational Soccer Change Metabolic Syndrome Status in Obese Adolescents? A Pilot Study. Res Q Exerc Sport 2021; 92:91-99. [PMID: 32083979 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1711007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate whether a soccer program (RSP) might lower risk factors related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) in obese adolescents. Methods: A 12-week randomized controlled trial [RSP: n = 6 (2 girls), age = 13.9 ± 1.6 yr, body mass index = 30.5 ± 2.1 kg/m2; Control: n = 7 (2 girls); age = 14.7 ± 2.3 yr, body mass index: 30.8 ± 3.1 kg/m2] was conducted. Participants underwent anthropometric, body fractioning, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose tolerance assessments at baseline and post-intervention. MetS status was determined based on waist circumference and at least two additional criteria: high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. RSP included eutrophic and overweight adolescents and consisted of small-sided games (85 ± 4% maximal heart rate) performed three times/week. Results: High-density lipoprotein increased [(HDL) ∆15.5 ± 5.2 mg·dL-1; p = .01] and triglycerides lowered [(TG) ∆-34.7 ± 7.1 mg·dL-1; p = .02] after RSP intervention. Between-group differences were also detected for changes in HDL (∆13.0 ± 6.1 mg·dL-1; p = .04) and TG (∆-47.1 ± 7.7 mg·dL-1; p = .05). The presence of MetS lowered in RSP (5 in 6 participants; p = .02), but not Control (1 in 7 participants; p = .32). Conclusion: A 12-week RSP was effective to reduce MetS risk factors and status in obese adolescents.
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10
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Costa VAB, Midgley AW, Carroll S, Astorino TA, de Paula T, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Is a verification phase useful for confirming maximal oxygen uptake in apparently healthy adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247057. [PMID: 33596256 PMCID: PMC7888616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'verification phase' has emerged as a supplementary procedure to traditional maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) criteria to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). OBJECTIVE To compare the highest VO2 responses observed in different verification phase procedures with their preceding CPET for confirmation that VO2max was likely attained. METHODS MEDLINE (accessed through PubMed), Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane (accessed through Wiley) were searched for relevant studies that involved apparently healthy adults, VO2max determination by indirect calorimetry, and a CPET on a cycle ergometer or treadmill that incorporated an appended verification phase. RevMan 5.3 software was used to analyze the pooled effect of the CPET and verification phase on the highest mean VO2. Meta-analysis effect size calculations incorporated random-effects assumptions due to the diversity of experimental protocols employed. I2 was calculated to determine the heterogeneity of VO2 responses, and a funnel plot was used to check the risk of bias, within the mean VO2 responses from the primary studies. Subgroup analyses were used to test the moderator effects of sex, cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise modality, CPET protocol, and verification phase protocol. RESULTS Eighty studies were included in the systematic review (total sample of 1,680 participants; 473 women; age 19-68 yr.; VO2max 3.3 ± 1.4 L/min or 46.9 ± 12.1 mL·kg-1·min-1). The highest mean VO2 values attained in the CPET and verification phase were similar in the 54 studies that were meta-analyzed (mean difference = 0.03 [95% CI = -0.01 to 0.06] L/min, P = 0.15). Furthermore, the difference between the CPET and verification phase was not affected by any of the potential moderators such as verification phase intensity (P = 0.11), type of recovery utilized (P = 0.36), VO2max verification criterion adoption (P = 0.29), same or alternate day verification procedure (P = 0.21), verification-phase duration (P = 0.35), or even according to sex, cardiorespiratory fitness level, exercise modality, and CPET protocol (P = 0.18 to P = 0.71). The funnel plot indicated that there was no significant publication bias. CONCLUSIONS The verification phase seems a robust procedure to confirm that the highest possible VO2 has been attained during a ramp or continuous step-incremented CPET. However, given the high concordance between the highest mean VO2 achieved in the CPET and verification phase, findings from the current study would question its necessity in all testing circumstances. PROSPERO REGISTRATION ID CRD42019123540.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. B. Costa
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Sean Carroll
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, England
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Tainah de Paula
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Clinics of Hypertension and Associated Metabolic Diseases, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
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11
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Castro P, Ferreira ADS, Lopes AJ, Paula TD, Costa RMR, Cunha FA, Vigário PDS. Validity of the Polar V800 heart rate monitor for assessing cardiac autonomic control in individuals with spinal cord injury. Motriz: rev educ fis 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021003221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Silva SC, Monteiro WD, Cunha FA, Farinatti P. Influence of Different Treadmill Inclinations on V̇o2max and Ventilatory Thresholds During Maximal Ramp Protocols. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:233-239. [PMID: 29933356 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Silva, SC, Monteiro, WD, Cunha, FA, and Farinatti, P. Influence of different treadmill inclinations on V̇o2max and ventilatory thresholds during maximal ramp protocols. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 233-239, 2021-Ramp protocols for cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) lack precise recommendations, including optimal treadmill inclination. This study investigated the impact of treadmill grades applied in ramp CPETs on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max), ventilatory thresholds (VT1/VT2), and V̇o2 vs. workload relationship. Twenty-one healthy men (age 33 ± 8 years; height 176.6 ± 5.8 cm; body mass 80.4 ± 8.7 kg; and V̇o2max 44.9 ± 5.7 ml·kg-1·min-1) and 12 women (age 29 ± 7 years; height 163.3 ± 6.7 cm; body mass 56.6 ± 6.3 kg; and V̇o2max 39.4 ± 4.9 ml·kg-1·min-1) underwent ramp CPETs with similar speed increments and different treadmill grades: CPET0%, CPET2%, CPET3.5%, and CPET5.5%. The V̇o2max was similar across protocols (42.8-43.2 ml·kg-1·min-1, p = 0.76), albeit duration of CPETs shortened when treadmill inclination increased (CPET0% 12.7 minutes; CPET2% 9.1 minutes; CPET3.5% 8.0 minutes; and CPET5.5% 6.6 minutes; p < 0.01). The %V̇o2max corresponding to VT1 was slightly lower in CPET0% (63.6%) and higher in CPET5.5% (75.8%) vs. CPET2% (67.8%) and CPET3.5% (69.5%; p < 0.05), whereas VT2 was not affected by treadmill inclination (95.1-95.8% V̇o2max; p > 0.05). V̇o2max and ventilatory thresholds were similar in CPETs performed with different treadmill inclinations and similar initial/final speeds. However, linear regressions between workload and V̇o2 were closer to the identity line in CPETs performed with smaller (CPET0% and CPET2%) than with greater (CPET3.5% and CPET5.5%) inclinations. These data suggest that in healthy young adults, ramp CPETs performed with inclinations of 0-2% degree should be preferred over protocols with greater inclinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney C Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Research Division, National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace D Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; and
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Cunha FA, Farinatti P, Jones H, Midgley AW. Postexercise hypotension and related hemodynamic responses to cycling under heat stress in untrained men with elevated blood pressure. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1001-1013. [PMID: 32189061 PMCID: PMC7181414 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of heat stress on postexercise hypotension. METHODS Seven untrained men, aged 21-33 years, performed two cycling bouts at 60% of oxygen uptake reserve expending 300 kcal in environmental temperatures of 21 °C (TEMP) and 35 °C (HOT) in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Physiological responses were monitored for 10-min before and 60-min after each exercise bout, and after a non-exercise control session (CON). Blood pressure (BP) also was measured during the subsequent 21-h recovery period. RESULTS Compared to CON, systolic, and diastolic BPs were significantly reduced in HOT (Δ = - 8.3 ± 1.6 and - 9.7 ± 1.4 mmHg, P < 0.01) and TEMP (Δ = - 4.9 ± 2.1 and - 4.5 ± 0.9 mmHg, P < 0.05) during the first 60 min of postexercise recovery. Compared to TEMP, rectal temperature was 0.6 °C higher (P = 0.001), mean skin temperature was 1.8 °C higher (P = 0.013), and plasma volume (PV) was 2.6 percentage points lower (P = 0.005) in HOT. During the subsequent 21-h recovery period systolic BP was 4.2 mmHg lower in HOT compared to CON (P = 0.016) and 2.5 mmHg lower in HOT compared to TEMP (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION Exercise in the heat increases the hypotensive effects of exercise for at least 22 h in untrained men with elevated blood pressure. Our findings indicate that augmented core and skin temperatures and decreased PV are the main hemodynamic mechanisms underlying a reduction in BP after exercise performed under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, Lancashire, UK. .,Postgraduate Medical Institute, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK.
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14
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de Paula T, Neves MF, da Silva Itaborahy A, Monteiro W, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Acute Effect of Aerobic and Strength Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Men With Autonomic Dysfunction. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2743-2752. [PMID: 29271835 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
de Paula, T, Neves, MF, da Silva Itaborahy, A, Monteiro, W, Farinatti, P, and Cunha, FA. Recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic control after aerobic and strength exercises in overweight prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2743-2752, 2019-The extent to which postexercise cardiac autonomic control depends on exercise modality remains unclear, particularly among individuals with autonomic dysfunction (cardiac autonomic dysfunction [CADysf]). This study compared heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) responses to acute aerobic exercise (AE) and strength exercise (SE) in men with CADysf. Twenty men were assigned into control (n = 10: 33.8 ± 3.0 years; 23.7 ± 1.5 kg·m) and CADysf (n = 10: 36.2 ± 9.8 years; 28.4 ± 2.6 kg·m) groups. Cardiac autonomic dysfunction underwent AE, SE, and a nonexercise control day (control session [CTL]) in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Heart rate variability and BRS were assessed in a supine position during 25 minutes of recovery after AE, SE, and CTL. Both HRV indices (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: >1.4) and BRS at rest were significantly lower in CADysf than those in controls (p < 0.01; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥1.36). In CADysf, postexercise increases in heart rate, sympathetic activity (low-frequency [LF] band), and sympathovagal balance (LF:high-frequency [HF] ratio), as well as decreases in R-R interval, parasympathetic activity (HF band), and BRS were observed in AE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥1.31) and SE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥0.79) vs. CTL, but changes were larger after AE than SE (p ≤ 0.05; effect size [Cohen's d]: ≥0.73). In conclusion, both AE and SE elicited postexercise changes in HRV and BRS among CADysf men, primarily reflected by lowered vagal modulation, increased sympathovagal balance, and a delayed BRS recovery pattern. However, those changes seem to be more likely to occur after AE than SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah de Paula
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario F Neves
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex da Silva Itaborahy
- Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Michalski AC, Fonseca GF, Costa VAB, Pryor TB, Junior PC, Lima TP, Cunha FA. Recovery Pattern of Cardiac Autonomic Control Following Aerobic Exercise with Different Volumes in Hypertensive Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561247.74944.3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Rocha J, Cunha FA, Cordeiro R, Monteiro W, Pescatello LS, Farinatti P. Acute Effect of a Single Session of Pilates on Blood Pressure and Cardiac Autonomic Control in Middle-Aged Adults With Hypertension. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:114-123. [PMID: 30707138 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rocha, J, Cunha, FA, Cordeiro, R, Monteiro, W, Pescatello, LS, and Farinatti, P. Acute effect of a single session of Pilates on blood pressure and cardiac autonomic control in middle-aged adults with hypertension. J Strength Cond Res 34(1): 114-123, 2020-We investigated the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses to a single session of Pilates among adults with hypertension. Thirteen participants (7 women), aged 44-66 years, underwent Pilates and nonexercise control sessions separated by 48-72 hours in a randomized counterbalanced order. Blood pressure and HRV indices were simultaneously assessed 10 minutes before and 60 minutes after all sessions in the supine position: root mean square of successive differences (rMSSD), percentage of successive normal sinus RR intervals >50 ms (pNN50), SD of all normal sinus RR intervals over 24 hours (SDNN), and low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands. After an acute session of Pilates, the mean values for area under the curve for systolic BP (p = 0.004, corresponding to -7.4 ± 8.2 mm Hg) and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.023, corresponding to -5.3 ± 5.4 mm Hg) were significantly lower compared to the control session. No significant difference was detected for diastolic BP (-4.2 ± 4.7 mm Hg, p = 0.106). Concomitant to BP reduction, significant lowering of parasympathetic HRV indices occurred: RR intervals (-64.1 ± 69.9 ms·min, p = 0.043), rMSSD (-8.3 ± 15.4 ms·min, p = 0.013), pNN50 (-3.6 ± 13%·min, p = 0.028), and total power (-3,089.4 ± 5,938 m·min, p = 0.037). No difference was found for sympathetic markers: SDNN (-17.7 ± 34.6 ms·min, p = 0.100), LF (-5.2 ± 21,6 n.u.·min, p = 0.417), and LF:HF ratio (-0.3 ± 5.2 ratio·min, p = 0.422). In conclusion, a single session of Pilates reduced BP by ∼5-8 mm Hg in adults with hypertension during the first 60 minutes of post-exercise recovery. Acute BP reduction was concomitant to lowered cardiac parasympathetic activity. Our findings are promising for the use of Pilates as an alternative exercise modality to lower BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Rocha
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Cordeiro
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Estácio de Sá University, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; and
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Mansfield, CT
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Gomes GSM, Carvalho J, da Silva NSL. Concurrent exercise circuit protocol performed in public fitness facilities meets the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines for energy cost and metabolic intensity among older adults in Rio de Janeiro City. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:477-484. [PMID: 30273500 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated whether a single bout of concurrent exercise (Ex Rx) at Third Age Academies (TAAs) in Rio de Janeiro City meets the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines for energy cost and metabolic intensity in older adults. Nine subjects (5 males and 4 females, 63-80 years of age) visited the laboratory for clinical screening and for anthropometrical, resting, and maximal oxygen uptake assessments. Thereafter, subjects performed an Ex Rx circuit consisting of a single circuit alternating aerobic and resistance exercises with outdoor exercise equipment using body mass as the load (total of 9 exercises, 1-2 sets of 15 repetitions). Expired gases were collected via a metabolic cart during exercise bouts. The mean observed energy cost value of 169.1 kcal was slightly greater than the minimum value of 150 kcal reported in the ACSM guidelines (p = 0.018). Like energy cost, all the intensity markers adopted to analyze the physiological strain induced by the Ex Rx circuit significantly exceeded their reference values for moderate intensity (reference values: 3.2 METs (mean observed value = 4.6 METs, p = 0.002); 40% of oxygen uptake reserve (mean observed value = 51.5%, p = 0.040); 40% of heart rate reserve (mean observed value = 64.1%, p < 0.001)), according to the ACSM guidelines. In conclusion, a single bout of Ex Rx circuit performed at TAAs in Rio de Janeiro City was able to induce a physiological strain (i.e., energy cost and intensity) compatible with ACSM recommendations for eliciting health benefits among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- a Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil.,b Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle S M Gomes
- a Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Joana Carvalho
- c Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Porto, Porto 4200-450, Portugal
| | - Nádia S L da Silva
- a Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil.,b Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-900, Brazil
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Fonseca GF, Farinatti PTV, Midgley AW, Ferreira A, de Paula T, Monteiro WD, Cunha FA. Continuous and Accumulated Bouts of Cycling Matched by Intensity and Energy Expenditure Elicit Similar Acute Blood Pressure Reductions in Prehypertensive Men. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:857-866. [PMID: 29120987 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fonseca, GF, Farinatti, PTV, Midgley, AW, Ferreira, A, de Paula, T, Monteiro, WD, and Cunha, FA. Continuous and accumulated bouts of cycling matched by intensity and energy expenditure elicit similar acute blood pressure reductions in prehypertensive men. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 857-866, 2018-This study investigated differences in postexercise hypotension (PEH) after continuous vs. accumulated isocaloric bouts of cycling. Ten prehypertensive men, aged 23-34 years, performed 2 bouts of cycling at 75% oxygen uptake reserve, with total energy expenditures of 400 kcal per bout. One exercise bout was performed continuously (CONTIN) and the other as 2 smaller bouts each expending 200 kcal (INTER1 and INTER2). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac autonomic control were monitored in a supine position for 10 minutes before and 60 minutes after each exercise bout, and during a control session. Compared with control, blood pressure was significantly reduced after CONTIN (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 3.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001; MAP: [INCREMENT] - 2.5 mm Hg, p = 0.001), INTER1 (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 2.2 mm Hg, p = 0.045), and INTER2 (SBP: [INCREMENT] - 4.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001; DBP: [INCREMENT] - 2.7 mm Hg, p = 0.045; MAP: [INCREMENT] - 3.3 mm Hg, p = 0.001). The PEH was similar in CONTIN and INTER2, whereas INTER2 elicited greater PEH than INTER1 (SBP and MAP: [INCREMENT] - 2.0 and [INCREMENT] - 1.8 mm Hg, respectively, p ≤ 0.05). Increases in sympathovagal balance from baseline were inversely related to changes in SBP and DBP after CONTIN and INTER2 (r = -0.64 to -0.71; p = 0.021-0.047). These findings indicate that similar amounts of PEH are observed when exercise is performed as a single 400-kcal exercise bout or 2 × 200-kcal bouts and that the exercise recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic activity may be important in eliciting PEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F Fonseca
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Arthur Ferreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainah de Paula
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace D Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sena NJC, Morais WA, Fechine PBA, Cunha FA, Feitosa VP, Sabóia VPA. Avaliação Físico-Química e Microbiológica de uma Resina Ortodônica Associada com Nanoparticulos de Prata/Fosfato de Cálcio. J Health Scie 2018. [DOI: 10.17921/2447-8938.2017v19n5p189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo foi avaliar propriedades físico-químicas, resistência ao cisalhamento em esmalte bovino e efeito antibacteriano de uma resina ortodôntica (RO) (Orthocem, FGM) incorporada com nanopartículas de prata (AgNPs) com ou sem fosfato de cálcio (CaP). As RO foram preparadas com 1 ou 5% em peso de AgNPm ou de AgNP-CaP. Foram avaliados grau de conversão (GC), sorção (WS) e solubilidade (SO) em água, flexão de três pontos (resistência à flexão, FS e módulo, E), rugosidade superficial (Ra) e microdureza Knoop (KHN). A adesão ao esmalte bovino foi avaliada por ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento (SBS) de bráquetes metálicos. A atividade antimicrobiana da resina contra Streptococcus mutans foi medida por contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC). Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram que GC, FS, KHN, SBS e UFC não mostraram diferença estatística entre os grupos. O valor de WS diminuiu em RO com 1% de AgNP e o valor de SO também diminuiu em RO com 5% em peso de AgNP. RO com 5% de AgNP obteve maior FS que as outras resinas. RO com 1% e 5% de AgNP e 5% de AgNP-CaP atingiram uma rugosidade estatisticamente inferior a RO controle. A incorporação de AgNP em RO altera algumas propriedades físico-químicas, mas não interfere na sua adesão ao esmalte e polimerização. O uso de CaP associado ao AgNP pode induzir alterações menores nas propriedades físico-químicas do material.Palavras-chave: Resina Ortodôntica. Nanopartícula de Prata. Atividade Antimicrobiana.
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Ázara HM, Farinatti PTV, Midgley AW, Vasconcellos F, Vigário P, Cunha FA. Standardized MET Value Underestimates the Energy Cost of Treadmill Running in Men. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38:890-896. [PMID: 28950400 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-115739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to compare the reference metabolic equivalent (MET) value and observed resting oxygen uptake (VO2) for defining cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) and characterizing the energy cost of treadmill running. A heterogeneous cohort of 114 healthy men volunteered to participate. In Part 1 of the study, 114 men [mean±SD, age: 24±5 years; height: 177.1±7.9 cm; body mass: 75.0±10.0 kg] visited the laboratory twice for assessment of resting and maximal VO2 values to compare the reference MET value vs. observed resting VO2 and to investigate the association between resting VO2 and VO2max. In Part 2, 14 of the 114 men visited the laboratory once more to perform a 30-min bout of running at 8.0 km∙h-1/8.3 METs. The mean observed resting VO2 of 3.26 mL·kg-1·min-1 was lower than the reference MET value of 3.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 (P<0.001). Resting and maximal VO2 values relative to total body mass and fat-free mass were positively correlated (R=0.71 and 0.60, respectively; P<0.001). The maximal MET and energy cost of treadmill running were consequently underestimated when calculated using the reference MET value only for those with low VO2max (P=0.005 to P<0.001). In conclusion, the reference MET value considerably overestimated observed resting VO2 in men with low VO2max, resulting in underestimations of the maximal MET, exercise intensity prescription, and the energy cost of running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helouane M Ázara
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Fabrício Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Vigário
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Guimarães GC, Farinatti PTV, Midgley AW, Vasconcellos F, Vigário P, Cunha FA. Relationship Between Percentages of Heart Rate Reserve and Oxygen Uptake Reserve During Cycling and Running: A Validation Study. J Strength Cond Res 2017; 33:1954-1962. [PMID: 28658083 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Guimarães, GC, Farinatti, PTV, Midgley, AW, Vasconcellos, F, Vigário, P, and Cunha, FA. Relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve and oxygen uptake reserve during cycling and running: a validation study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1954-1962, 2019-This study investigated the relationship between percentages of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2R) during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and discrete bouts of isocaloric cycling and treadmill running. Thirty men visited the laboratory 3 times for anthropometrical and resting VO2 assessments, and perform cycling and running CPETs. Ten men visited the laboratory twice more to investigate the validity of the %HRR-%VO2R relationships during isocaloric bouts of cycling and running at 75% VO2R with energy expenditures of 400 kcals. The %HRR was significantly higher than the %VO2R during both CPETs at all exercise intensities (p < 0.001). During isocaloric exercise bouts, mean %HRR-%VO2R differences of 6.5% and 7.0% were observed for cycling and running, respectively (p = 0.007-p < 0.001). The %HRR and %VO2R increased over time (p < 0.001), the rate of which was influenced by exercise modality (p < 0.001). On average, heart rate was 5 (p = 0.007) and 8 (p < 0.001) b·min higher than predicted from the second energy expenditure quartile for cycling and running, respectively; however, observed VO2 was lower than predicted during all quartiles for cycling, and the first quartile for running. Consequently, time to achieve the target energy expenditure was greater than predicted (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the %HRR-%VO2R relationship observed during CPET data did not accurately transpose to prolonged isocaloric bouts of cycling and running. In addition, power outputs and speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine equations for cycling and running, respectively, overestimated VO2 and energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna C Guimarães
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Physical Activity Sciences, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Fabrício Vasconcellos
- Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Vigário
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Cunha
- Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Paes LS, Borges JP, Cunha FA, Souza MGC, Cyrino FZGA, Bottino DA, Bouskela E, Farinatti P. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, or total distance: a comparison of methods to equalize exercise volume in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 49:S0100-879X2016000800607. [PMID: 27487418 PMCID: PMC4974018 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20165200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compared strategies to equalize the volume of aerobic exercise performed
with different intensities by Wistar rats, based on the distance covered during
exercise bouts and energy expenditure (EE, isocaloric sessions) obtained from oxygen
uptake (V̇O2) or respiratory exchange ratio (RER). Thirty-three male rats
(270.5±12.8 g) underwent maximal exercise tests to determine V̇O2 reserve
(V̇O2R), being randomly assigned to three groups: moderate-intensity
continuous exercise at speed corresponding to 50% V̇O2R (MIC; n=11);
high-intensity continuous exercise at 80% V̇O2R (HIC; n=11); and
high-intensity intermittent exercise (HII; n=11) at 60% V̇O2R (3 min) and
80% V̇O2R (4 min). Exercise duration was calculated individually to elicit
EE of 5 kcal in each session. No difference between groups was found for total
running distance (MIC: 801±46, HIC: 734±42, HII: 885±64 m; P=0.13). Total EE measured
by RER was systematically underestimated compared to values obtained from
V̇O2 (HII: 4.5% and MIC: 6.2%, P<0.05). Total EE (calculated from
V̇O2), and duration of HIC bouts (2.8 kcal and 30.8±2.2 min) were lower
(P<0.0001) than in MIC (4.9 kcal and 64.7±1.8 min) and HII (4.7 kcal and 46.9±2.2
min). Predicted and actual values of total V̇O2, total EE, and duration of
isocaloric sessions were similar in MIC and HII (P>0.05), which were both higher
than in HIC (P<0.0001). In conclusion, the time to achieve a given EE in exercise
bouts with different intensities did not correspond to the total distance. Therefore,
the volume of aerobic exercise in protocols involving Wistar rats should be equalized
using EE rather than total covered distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Paes
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J P Borges
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F A Cunha
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M G C Souza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F Z G A Cyrino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - D A Bottino
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E Bouskela
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica e Experimental em Biologia Vascular, Centro Biomédico, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - P Farinatti
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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Monteiro WD, Cunha FA, Ivo EX, Freire RA, Silva BS, Farinatti P. Physiological strain to prolonged exercise bouts at the walk-run transition speeds depends on locomotion mode in healthy untrained men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:762-769. [PMID: 27230405 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the physiological strain induced by prolonged walking and running performed at the walk-run transition speed (WRTS) in healthy untrained men. Twenty volunteers (age: 28 ± 5.01 years; height: 174.0 ± 0.3 cm; body mass: 74.5 ± 0.6 kg) underwent the following: (a) ramp-incremental maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); (b) specific protocol to detect the WRTS; and (c) two 30-min walking and running bouts at WRTS (mean ± SD: 6.9 ± 0.06 km/h). Expired gases were collected during exercise bouts via the metabolic cart. A significant effect of locomotion mode (F = 4.8, P < 0.001) was observed with running resulting in higher cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS (oxygen uptake: mean difference = 0.26 L/min; pulmonary ventilation: mean difference = 5.53 L/min; carbon dioxide output: mean difference = 0.32 L/min; heart rate: mean difference = 13 beats/min; total energy expenditure: mean difference = 59 kcal). The rating of perceived exertion was similar across locomotion modes (mean difference = 0.3; P = 0.490). In conclusion, running promoted greater cardiorespiratory responses than walking at the WRTS in untrained healthy men. These data might have practical impact on aerobic training performed at intensities corresponding to WRTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Monteiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E X Ivo
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - R A Freire
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - B S Silva
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Farinatti
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Midgley A, Montenegro R, Vasconcellos F, Farinatti P. Utility of a Non-Exercise VO2max Prediction Model for Designing Ramp Test Protocols. Int J Sports Med 2015; 36:796-802. [PMID: 26038880 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1395590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the validity of determining the final work rates of cycling and walking ramp-incremented maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests (CPETs) using a non-exercise model to predict maximal oxygen uptake VO2max and the American College of Sports Medicine ACSM's metabolic equations. The validity of using this methodology to elicit the recommended test duration of between 8 and 12 min was then evaluated. First, 83 subjects visited the laboratory once to perform a cycling (n=49) or walking (n=34) CPET to investigate the validity of the methodology. Second, 25 subjects (cycling group: n=13; walking group: n=12) performed a CPET on 2 separate days to test the reliability of CPET outcomes. Observed VO2max was 1.0 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) lower than predicted in the cycling CPET (P=0.001) and 1.4 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1) lower in the walking CPET (P=0.001). Only one of the 133 conducted CPETs was outside the test duration range of 8-12 min. Test-retest reliability was high for all CPET outcomes, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.90 to 0.99. In conclusion, the non-exercise model is a valid and reliable method for establishing the final work rate of cycling and walking CPETs for eliciting test durations of between 8 and 12 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - R Montenegro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Soares PP, Farinatti PT. Postexercise hypotension after maximal short-term incremental exercise depends on exercise modality. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:605-14. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated postexercise hypotension (PEH) after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performed using different exercise modalities. Twenty healthy men (aged 23 ± 3 years) performed 3 maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running), separated by 72 h in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance (SVR), autonomic function (spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate variability (HRV)), and energy expenditure (EE) were assessed during a 60-min nonexercise control session and for 60 min immediately after each CPET. Total exercise volume (EE during CPET plus 60 min recovery) was significantly higher in running versus cycling and walking CPETs (P ≤ 0.001). Compared with control, only SBP after running CPET was significantly reduced (Δ = −6 ± 8 mm Hg; P < 0.001). Heart rate and cardiac output were significantly increased (P < 0.001) and SVR significantly decreased (P < 0.001) postexercise. BRS and HRV decreased after all CPETs (P < 0.001), whereas sympatho-vagal balance (low- and high-frequency (LF:HF) ratio) increased significantly after all exercise conditions, especially after running CPET (P < 0.001). Changes in SVR, BRS, sympathetic activity (low-frequency component of HRV), and LF:HF ratio were negatively correlated to variations in SBP (range −0.69 to −0.91; P < 0.001) and DBP (range −0.58 to −0.93; P ≤ 0.002). These findings suggest that exercise mode or the total exercise volume are major determinants of PEH magnitude in healthy men. Because of the running CPET, the PEH was primarily related to a decrease in SVR and to an increase in sympatho-vagal balance, which might be a reflex response to peripheral vasodilatation after exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A. Cunha
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, England
| | - Pedro P. Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T.V. Farinatti
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
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Midgley AW, Cunha FA, Jones H, McNaughton LR, Farinatti PT. Effect Of Heat Stress On The Relationship Between Heart Rate Reserve And Oxygen Uptake Reserve. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478173.79898.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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da Cunha F, Cunha FA, Farinatti P, Jones H, McNaughton L, Midgley A. Effect Of Heat Stress On Postexercise Hypotension Induced By Isocaloric Cycling Bouts In Healthy Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477792.83010.6d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Gonçalves T, Soares PP, Farinatti P. Parasympathetic reactivation after maximal CPET depends on exercise modality and resting vagal activity in healthy men. Springerplus 2015; 4:100. [PMID: 25793148 PMCID: PMC4359698 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-0882-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The main purpose of this study was to investigate parasympathetic reactivation of the heart [evaluated through heart rate recovery (HRR) and HR variability (HRV)] after maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using three different exercise modalities. Methods Twenty healthy men, aged 17 to 28 yr, performed three maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running) separated by 72 h and in a randomized, counter-balanced order. HRR was determined from the absolute differences between HRpeak and HR at 1–3 min after exercise. The root mean square of successive R-R differences calculated for consecutive 30-s windows (rMSSD30s) was calculated to assess the parasympathetic reactivation after maximal CPET. Results Lower HRpeak, VO2peak and energy expenditure were observed after the cycling CPET than the walking and running CPETs (P < 0.001). Both HRR and rMSSD30s were significantly greater during recovery from the cycling CPET compared to the walking and running CPETs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, Δ rMSSD (i.e. resting minus postexercise rMSSD every 30 s into the recovery period) was positively related to the resting high-frequency component (HF), rMSSD, and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals (SDNN) (rs = 0.89 to 0.98; P < 0.001), and negatively related to the resting low-frequency component (LF) and sympathovagal balance (LF:HF ratio) after all exercise conditions (rs = −0.73 to −0.79 and −0.86 to −0.90, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusions These findings support that parasympathetic reactivation after maximal CPET (as assessed by HRR and rMSSD30s) depends on exercise modality and cardiac autonomic control at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK
| | - Thiago Gonçalves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro P Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, McNaughton LR, Farinatti PTV. Effect of continuous and intermittent bouts of isocaloric cycling and running exercise on excess postexercise oxygen consumption. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 19:187-92. [PMID: 25747467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) induced by isocaloric bouts of continuous and intermittent running and cycling exercise. DESIGN This was a counterbalanced randomized cross-over study. METHODS Ten healthy men, aged 23-34yr, performed six bouts of exercise: (a) two maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests for running and cycling to determine exercise modality-specific peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak); and (b) four isocaloric exercise bouts (two continuous bouts expending 400kcal and two intermittent bouts split into 2×200kcal) performed at 75% of the running and cycling oxygen uptake reserve. Exercise bouts were separated by 72h and performed in a randomized, counter-balanced order. The VO2 was monitored for 60-min postexercise and for 60-min during a control non-exercise day. RESULTS The VO2 was significantly greater in all exercise conditions compared to the control session (P<0.001). The combined magnitude of the EPOC from the two intermittent bouts was significantly greater than that of the continuous cycling (mean difference=3.5L, P=0.001) and running (mean difference=6.4L, P<0.001). The exercise modality had a significant effect on net EPOC, where running elicited a higher net EPOC than cycling (mean difference=2.2L, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Intermittent exercise increased the EPOC compared to a continuous exercise bout of equivalent energy expenditure. Furthermore, the magnitude of EPOC was influenced by exercise modality, with the greatest EPOC occurring with isocaloric exercise involving larger muscle mass (i.e., treadmill running vs. cycling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program - Augusto Motta University Center (UNISUAM), Brazil; Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion - University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
| | - Adrian W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity - Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
| | - Lars R McNaughton
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity - Edge Hill University, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo T V Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion - University of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, Brazil.
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Cunha FA, Montenegro RA, Midgley AW, Vasconcellos F, Soares PP, Farinatti P. Influence of exercise modality on agreement between gas exchange and heart rate variability thresholds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:706-14. [PMID: 25003546 PMCID: PMC4165298 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the level of agreement between the gas exchange threshold (GET) and heart rate variability threshold (HRVT) during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) using three different exercise modalities. A further aim was to establish whether there was a 1:1 relationship between the percentage heart rate reserve (%HRR) and percentage oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2 R) at intensities corresponding to GET and HRVT. Sixteen apparently healthy men 17 to 28 years of age performed three maximal CPETs (cycling, walking, and running). Mean heart rate and VO2 at GET and HRVT were 16 bpm (P<0.001) and 5.2 mL · kg(-1) · min(-1) (P=0.001) higher in running than cycling, but no significant differences were observed between running and walking, or cycling and walking (P>0.05). There was a strong relationship between GET and HRVT, with R2 ranging from 0.69 to 0.90. A 1:1 relationship between %HRR and % VO2 R was not observed at GET and HRVT. The %HRR was higher during cycling (GET mean difference=7%; HRVT mean difference=11%; both P<0.001), walking (GET mean difference=13%; HRVT mean difference=13%; both P<0.001), or running (GET mean difference=11%; HRVT mean difference=10%; both P<0.001). Therefore, using HRVT to prescribe aerobic exercise intensity appears to be valid. However, to assume a 1:1 relationship between %HRR and % VO2 R at HRVT would probably result in overestimation of the energy expenditure during the bout of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Cunha
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - R A Montenegro
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A W Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, England
| | - F Vasconcellos
- Centro de Investigação, Formação, Inovação, Intervenção e Desporto, Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P P Soares
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - P Farinatti
- Laboratório de Atividade Física e Promoção da Saúde, Instituto de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Cunha FA, Midgley A, McNaughton LR, Farinatti PT. Effect Of Continuous And Intermittent Isocaloric Exercise Bouts Of Cycling And Running On EPOC. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493956.89156.ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Montenegro R, Oliveira RB, Farinatti PTV. Metabolic equivalent concept in apparently healthy men: a re-examination of the standard oxygen uptake value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1.). Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:1115-9. [PMID: 24053518 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2012-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compared resting oxygen uptake (V̇O2) with the standard metabolic equivalent (MET) value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), tested the accuracy of a previously published prediction model for resting V̇O2, and proposed a new prediction model for a more homogeneous population. One hundred and twenty-five apparently healthy men, aged 17-38 years, visited the laboratory for the assessment of resting V̇O2. The mean resting V̇O2 of 3.21 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) (95% confidence interval (CI), 3.13 to 3.30) was significantly lower than the standard MET value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) (mean difference, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.37; t = 6.7; p < 0.001). The prediction model proposed by a previous study, derived from a heterogeneous sample, exhibited no predictive ability in our more homogeneous sample. However, our population-specific regression model, which included body surface area and percent body fat as predictors, demonstrated relatively poor predictive ability, with a low R(2) (0.22) and high standard error of the estimate (0.42 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)). Pearson's correlation coefficients for body surface area and resting V̇O2, and for percent body fat and resting V̇O2, were 0.20 (p = 0.022) and -0.36 (p < 0.001), respectively. In conclusion, the standard MET value of 3.5 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1) considerably overestimates mean resting V̇O2 in a relatively large group of apparently healthy men. Our population-specific prediction model for resting V̇O2 demonstrated relatively poor accuracy, although it was considerably more accurate than the previously published model. Further research needs to be conducted to establish accurate population-specific prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- a Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Montenegro R, Okano AH, Cunha FA, Fontes EB, Farinatti P. Does prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation influence the oxygen uptake at rest and post-exercise? Int J Sports Med 2013; 35:459-64. [PMID: 23526591 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1333769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied over prefrontal cortex on the oxygen uptake (V˙ O2) at rest and during post-exercise recovery. The V˙ O2 was assessed in eleven healthy subjects before, during tDCS (sham or anodal tDCS, 2 mA, 20 min), and 30-min following isocaloric aerobic exercise (~200 kcal). During tDCS, no changes were observed on V˙ O2 compared to baseline (P=0.95) and sham condition (P=0.85). The association between isocaloric exercise and anodal tDCS increased the V˙ O2 throughout 30-min recovery compared to sham condition (P<0.001). Therefore, the energy expenditure within the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) period, after anodal tDCS was approximately 19% higher compared to the sham condition (P<0.05). In conclusion, anodal tDCS applied on the prefrontal cortex combined with submaximal aerobic exercise increased the EPOC, enhancing the V˙ O2 and energy expenditure at least for 30-min of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Montenegro
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory (LABSAU), Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A H Okano
- Departament of Sport Science, University of Campinas, Londrina, Brazil
| | - F A Cunha
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E B Fontes
- SPORTS SCIENCE, University of CAMPINAS - UNICAMP, CAMPINAS, Brazil
| | - P Farinatti
- School of Physical Education, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Monteiro W, Freire R, Lima T, Farinatti PTV. How long does it take to achieve steady state for an accurate assessment of resting VO₂ in healthy men? Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:1441-7. [PMID: 23241955 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The time necessary to obtain a steady state for an accurate and reliable assessment of resting [Formula: see text] remains unclear and was the purpose of this study. Thirty healthy men, aged 17-28 years, visited the laboratory twice for the assessment of resting [Formula: see text], which was assessed as follows: (a) 24 h abstention from physical exercise, alcohol, soft drinks and caffeine, (b) fasting for at least 8 h, (c) an acclimation period of 10 min, and (d) 60 min assessment in a supine position. Resting [Formula: see text] significantly changed during the 60 min (F = 37.4, P < 0.001), exhibiting a monoexponential decrease before reaching an asymptote. Post hoc pairwise comparisons showed that significant differences existed between consecutive means until the 30 min time point, after which there were no significant differences. The [Formula: see text] response across trials exhibited high test-retest reliability, with within-subject coefficients of variations at each time point ranging from 2.8 to 7.0 % and intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.90 to 0.99. The reliability was higher from the 25 min time point onwards. Based on these findings, the following recommendations are made to promote accurate assessment of resting [Formula: see text]: (a) initiate the resting [Formula: see text] measurement with 10 min of acclimation to the assessment apparatus, (b) determine resting [Formula: see text] for a minimum of 30 min, until an apparent [Formula: see text] steady state has been achieved; and (c) determine resting [Formula: see text] for a further 5 min, with the average of this last 5 min of data being regarding as the resting [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Catalão RPG, Midgley AW, Gurgel J, Porto F, Farinatti PTV. Do the speeds defined by the American College of Sports Medicine metabolic equation for running produce target energy expenditures during isocaloric exercise bouts? Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:3019-26. [PMID: 22170015 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2275-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The accuracy of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) equations for producing predicted values of heart rate reserve (HRR) and oxygen uptake reserve (VO2R) and consequently, target energy expenditure (EE) during exercise are yet to be established. This study investigated whether speeds defined by the ACSM metabolic equation for running correctly estimate the EEs during isocaloric exercise bouts. Twenty-eight men performed a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test to determine HRmax and VO2max. Two continuous exercise bouts at 60 and 80% VO2R and target EE of 400 kcal were then performed. In the 60% VO2R exercise the observed VO2R and EE were lower than predicted only during the first time quartile of the bout (t = 6.5, p < 0.001), whereas at 80% VO2R it was lower during the first (t = 15.3, p < 0.001), second (t = 5.4, p < 0.001) and third (t = 3.1, p = 0.025) quartiles. The observed HR was lower than predicted in the first time quartile of the 60% [Formula: see text] (t = 5.6, p < 0.001) and 80% VO2R bouts (t = 10.7, p < 0.001), whereas no significant differences occurred for any other time quartiles (p ≥ 0.23). In conclusion, the running speed defined by the ACSM metabolic equation overestimated VO2R and EE within exercise performed at 60 and 80% VO2R especially in higher intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A Cunha
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cunha FA, Midgley AW, Monteiro WD, Campos FK, Farinatti PT. The relationship between oxygen uptake reserve and heart rate reserve is affected by intensity and duration during aerobic exercise at constant work rate. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:839-47. [DOI: 10.1139/h11-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) and percentage of oxygen uptake reserve (%VO2R) has been recommended for prescribing aerobic exercise intensity. However, this relationship was derived from progressive maximal exercise testing data, and the stability of the relationship during prolonged exercise at a constant work rate has not been established. The main aim of this study was to investigate the stability of the %VO2R–%HRR relationship during prolonged treadmill exercise bouts performed at 3 different constant work rates. Twenty-eight men performed 4 exercise tests: (i) a ramp-incremental maximal exercise test to determine maximal heart rate (HRmax) and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and (ii) three 40-min exercise bouts at 60%, 70%, and 80% VO2R. HR and VO2 significantly increased over time and were influenced by exercise intensity (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). A 1:1 relationship between %HRR and %VO2R, and between %HRR and %VO2max, was not observed, with mean differences of 8% (t = 5.2, p < 0.001) and 6% (t = 4.8, p < 0.001), respectively. The VO2 values predicted from the ACSM running equation were all significantly higher than the observed VO2 values (p < 0.001 for all comparisons), whereas a difference for HR was observed only for the tenth min of exercise at 80% VO2R (p = 0.041). In conclusion, the main finding of this study was that the %HRR–%VO2R relationship determined by linear regression, obtained from progressive maximal exercise testing, did not apply to prolonged treadmill running performed at 3 work rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe A. Cunha
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, England
| | - Walace D. Monteiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe K. Campos
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo T.V. Farinatti
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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