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Figueiredo CC, Casaro S, Cunha F, Merenda VR, de Oliveira EB, Pinedo P, Santos JEP, Chebel RC, Schuenemann GM, Bicalho RC, Gilbert RO, Zas SR, Seabury CM, Rosa G, Thatcher WW, Bisinotto RS, Galvão KN. Evaluating differences in milk production, reproductive performance, and survival associated with vaginal discharge characteristics and fever in postpartum dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00637-4. [PMID: 38580147 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to assess differences in productive and reproductive performance, and survival associated with vaginal discharge characteristics and fever in postpartum dairy cows located in Western and Southern states of the U.S.A. This retrospective cohort study included data from 3 experiments conducted in 9 dairies. Vaginal discharge was evaluated twice within 12 DIM and scored on a 5-point scale. The highest score observed for each cow was used for group assignment (VD group) as follows: VD 1 and 2 (VD 1/2; n = 1,174) = clear mucus/lochia with or without flecks of pus; VD 3 (n = 1,802) = mucopurulent with < 50% pus; VD 4 (n = 1,643) = mucopurulent with ≥50% of pus or non-fetid reddish/brownish mucous, n = 1,643; VD 5 = fetid, watery, and reddish/brownish, n = 1,800. All VD 5 cows received treatment according to each herd's protocol. Rectal temperature was assessed in a subset of VD 5 cows, and subsequently divided into Fever (rectal temperature ≥39.5°C; n = 334) and NoFever (n = 558) groups. A smaller proportion of cows with VD 5 (67.6%) resumed ovarian cyclicity compared with VD 1/2 (76.2%) and VD 4 (72.9%) cows; however, a similar proportion of VD5 and VD 3 (72.6%) cows resumed ovarian cyclicity. A smaller proportion of VD 5 (85.8%) cows received at least one artificial insemination (AI) compared with VD 1/2 (91.5%), VD 3 (91.0%), or VD 4 (91.6%) cows. Although we did not detect differences in pregnancy at first AI according to VD, fewer cows with VD 5 (64.4%) were pregnant at 300 DIM than cows with VD 1/2 (76.5%), VD 3 (76.2%), or VD 4 (74.7%). Hazard of pregnancy by 300 DIM was smaller for VD 5 compared with VD 1/2, VD 3, or VD 4 cows. A greater proportion of VD 5 cows were removed from the herd within 300 DIM compared with other VD groups. There was 760 kg lesser milk production within 300 DIM for VD 5 compared with VD 2, VD 3, and VD 4, whereas VD 2, VD 3, and VD 4 had similar milk production. We did not detect an association between fever at diagnosis of VD 5 and reproductive performance or milk production. A greater proportion of VD 5 cows without fever were removed from the herd by 300 DIM compared with VD 5 cows with fever. Differences in productive and reproductive performance, and removal of the herd were restricted to fetid, watery, and reddish/brownish vaginal discharge, which was independent of fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Figueiredo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA.
| | - S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - V R Merenda
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - E B de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - P Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - G M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - R C Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - R O Gilbert
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, St. Kitts, West Indies, KN
| | - S Rodriguez Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C M Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - G Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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2
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Pilon R, Farinatti P, Oliveira B, Cunha F, Lattari E, Monteiro W. Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption Following Isocaloric Bouts of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults. Res Q Exerc Sport 2024; 95:24-30. [PMID: 36638413 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2136614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Albeit being a major determinant of exercise-related energy expenditure (EE), there is a lack of research on the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after different exercise modalities in older adults. This study compared the EPOC after isocaloric bouts of resistance (RE) and aerobic (AE) exercise. Methods: The EE during exercise was determined through telemetric indirect calorimetry in ten physically active participants aged 63 to 82 years (5 women, 73 ± 6 years, 70.5 ± 9.9 kg, 161 ± 8 cm). The target EE in AE corresponded to values achieved during RE, and the EPOC was assessed for 30 min in the supine position. Results: The EE during AE and RE were 126.0 ± 30.7 kcal and 123.9 ± 30.6 kcal, respectively. The time to achieve the target EE was 2.3 times shorter in AE vs. RE. The EPOC magnitude was greater after AE (7.9 ± 2.4 L, 40.1 ± 11.1 kcal) than RE (5.9 ± 1.8 L, 26.9 ± 11.5 kcal). Conclusion: Older adults showed greater EPOC after isocaloric sessions of AE vs. RE. Additionally, AE had better temporal efficiency than RE to elicit a given EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pilon
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Salgado de Oliveira University
| | | | - Bruno Oliveira
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
| | | | | | - Walace Monteiro
- University of Rio de Janeiro State
- Salgado de Oliveira University
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Cardoso Lopes J, Botelho Alves P, Pires Pereira H, Cunha F, Farinha I, Maresch A, Cunha R, Loureiro G, Todo-Bom A, Tavares B. Molecular profiling in bee venom allergy: clinical and therapeutic characterization in a Portuguese cohort. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2024. [PMID: 38376470 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Summary Background. Bee venom allergy (BVA) can trigger local and systemic allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Recently, the molecular sensitization profile has gained importance in the reaction's stratification and venom immunotherapy (VIT). Methods. Retrospective analysis of patients with hypersensitivity to BVA, confirmed by specific sIgE to Apis mellifera ≥0.35 kU/L and/or positive skin tests to bee venom commercial extract, evaluated in specialized consultation. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data (including molecular Api m 1, 4, and 10) were analyzed, looking for risk factors associated with the severity of the index reaction and reactions during VIT. Results. 93 patients were included (55.9% male; median age of 46 years), 57.3% with atopic comorbidities, and 23.4% with cardiovascular comorbidities. The median specific IgE to Apis mellifera was 6.7 kU/L (IQR 1.0-20.3) kU/L. Regarding the molecular profile, the median IgE to Api m 1 was 0.5 kU/L (57.5% positive out of all measurements); Api m 4 - 0.01 kU/L (11.9% positive), and Api m 10 - 0.3 kU/L (50.0% positive). No patient was monosensitized to Api m 4. The median age of the most severe sting reaction was 36 (IQR 26-48) years, with a median severity (Müeller scale) of 3 (IQR 2-3). Forty-seven patients (50.5%) underwent VIT, with 35.6% of reactions recorded. Allergic reactions during VIT were recorded in 35.6% of cases. The severity of the index reaction correlated positively with older ages (p=0.040; r=0.249), in contrast to monosensitization to Api m 1, which was an independent predictor of milder reactions (p=0.015). Sensitization to Api m 10 was associated with a higher likelihood of reactions during VIT (p=0.038) but potentially less systemic reactions at re-stings (p=0.097). Conclusions. Molecular sensitization profile appears to be relevant not only to the severity of index reactions but also during VIT. Studies of a large cohort of patients with molecular profiles are essential to validate these results and improve the clinical and therapeutic approach to BVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cardoso Lopes
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - P Botelho Alves
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - H Pires Pereira
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Farinha
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Maresch
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Cunha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G Loureiro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Todo-Bom
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Clinical Academic Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B Tavares
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
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Ferreira VHB, Lansade L, Calandreau L, Cunha F, Jensen P. Are domesticated animals dumber than their wild relatives? A comprehensive review on the domestication effects on animal cognitive performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105407. [PMID: 37769929 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal domestication leads to diverse behavioral, physiological, and neurocognitive changes in domesticated species compared to their wild relatives. However, the widely held belief that domesticated species are inherently less "intelligent" (i.e., have lower cognitive performance) than their wild counterparts requires further investigation. To investigate potential cognitive disparities, we undertook a thorough review of 88 studies comparing the cognitive performance of domesticated and wild animals. Approximately 30% of these studies showed superior cognitive abilities in wild animals, while another 30% highlighted superior cognitive abilities in domesticated animals. The remaining 40% of studies found similar cognitive performance between the two groups. Therefore, the question regarding the presumed intelligence of wild animals and the diminished cognitive ability of domesticated animals remains unresolved. We discuss important factors/limitations for interpreting past and future research, including environmental influences, diverse objectives of domestication (such as breed development), developmental windows, and methodological issues impacting cognitive comparisons. Rather than perceiving these limitations as constraints, future researchers should embrace them as opportunities to expand our understanding of the complex relationship between domestication and animal cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Hugo Bessa Ferreira
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden; INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Léa Lansade
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Ludovic Calandreau
- INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Centre Val de Loire UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Felipe Cunha
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Jensen
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology group, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
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Gjøen J, Cunha F, Jensen P. Correction: Gjøen et al. Selection for Reduced Fear of Humans Changes Brain and Cerebellum Size in Red Junglefowl in Line with Effects of Chicken Domestication. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 988. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1465. [PMID: 37891869 PMCID: PMC10605151 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There were errors in the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Physiology and Genomics Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; (J.G.); (F.C.)
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Gjøen J, Cunha F, Jensen P. Selection for Reduced Fear of Humans Changes Brain and Cerebellum Size in Red Junglefowl in Line with Effects of Chicken Domestication. Brain Sci 2023; 13:988. [PMID: 37508920 PMCID: PMC10377726 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A central part of the domestication syndrome is a reduction in relative brain size. In chickens, it has previously been shown that domesticated birds have smaller relative brain mass, but larger relative mass of cerebellum, compared to their ancestors, the Red Junglefowl. It has been suggested that tameness may drive the domestication syndrome, so we examined the relationship between brain characteristics and tameness in 31 Red Junglefowl from lines divergently selected during ten generations for tameness. Our focus was on the whole brain, cerebellum, and the remainder of the brain. We used the isotropic fractionator technique to estimate the total number of cells in the cerebellum and differentiate between neurons and non-neuronal cells. We stained the cell nuclei with DAPI and performed cell counting using a fluorescence microscope. NeuN immunostaining was used to identify neurons. The absolute and relative masses of the brains and their regions were determined through weighing. Our analysis revealed that birds selected for low fear of humans (LF) had larger absolute brain mass, but smaller relative brain mass, compared to those selected for high fear of humans (HF). Sex had a significant impact only on the absolute size of the cerebellum, not its relative size. These findings support the notion that selection for increased tameness leads to an enlargement of the relative size of cerebellum in chickens consistent with comparisons of domesticated and ancestral chickens. Surprisingly, the HF birds had a higher density of neurons in the cerebellum compared to the LF line, despite having a smaller cerebellum overall. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between brain structure and behavior in the context of domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Per Jensen
- AVIAN Behavioural Physiology and Genomics Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden; (J.G.); (F.C.)
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Cunha F, Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C, Brinkman B, Wylie DR, Iwaniuk AN. The relative sizes of nuclei in the oculomotor complex vary by order and behaviour in birds. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 209:341-360. [PMID: 36522507 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Eye movements are a critical component of visually guided behaviours, allowing organisms to scan the environment and bring stimuli of interest to regions of acuity in the retina. Although the control and modulation of eye movements by cranial nerve nuclei are highly conserved across vertebrates, species variation in visually guided behaviour and eye morphology could lead to variation in the size of oculomotor nuclei. Here, we test for differences in the size and neuron numbers of the oculomotor nuclei among birds that vary in behaviour and eye morphology. Using unbiased stereology, we measured the volumes and numbers of neurons of the oculomotor (nIII), trochlear (nIV), abducens (nVI), and Edinger-Westphal (EW) nuclei across 71 bird species and analysed these with phylogeny-informed statistics. Owls had relatively smaller nIII, nIV, nVI and EW nuclei than other birds, which reflects their limited degrees of eye movements. In contrast, nVI was relatively larger in falcons and hawks, likely reflecting how these predatory species must shift focus between the central and temporal foveae during foraging and prey capture. Unexpectedly, songbirds had an enlarged EW and relatively more nVI neurons, which might reflect accommodation and horizontal eye movements. Finally, the one merganser we measured also has an enlarged EW, which is associated with the high accommodative power needed for pursuit diving. Overall, these differences reflect species and clade level variation in behaviour, but more data are needed on eye movements in birds across species to better understand the relationships among behaviour, retinal anatomy, and brain anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cunha
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | | | - Benjamin Brinkman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Douglas R Wylie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew N Iwaniuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr W, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Cunha F, Stingo-Hirmas D, Cardoso RF, Wright D, Henriksen R. Neuronal and non-neuronal scaling across brain regions within an intercross of domestic and wild chickens. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:1048261. [PMID: 36506870 PMCID: PMC9732670 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.1048261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The allometric scaling of the brain size and neuron number across species has been extensively studied in recent years. With the exception of primates, parrots, and songbirds, larger brains have more neurons but relatively lower neuronal densities than smaller brains. Conversely, when considering within-population variability, it has been shown that mice with larger brains do not necessarily have more neurons but rather more neurons in the brain reflect higher neuronal density. To what extent this intraspecific allometric scaling pattern of the brain applies to individuals from other species remains to be explored. Here, we investigate the allometric relationships among the sizes of the body, brain, telencephalon, cerebellum, and optic tectum, and the numbers of neurons and non-neuronal cells of the telencephalon, cerebellum, and optic tectum across 66 individuals originated from an intercross between wild and domestic chickens. Our intercross of chickens generates a population with high variation in brain size, making it an excellent model to determine the allometric scaling of the brain within population. Our results show that larger chickens have larger brains with moderately more neurons and non-neuronal cells. Yet, absolute number of neurons and non-neuronal cells correlated strongly and positively with the density of neurons and non-neuronal cells, respectively. As previously shown in mice, this scaling pattern is in stark contrast with what has been found across different species. Our findings suggest that neuronal scaling rules across species are not a simple extension of the neuronal scaling rules that apply within a species, with important implications for the evolutionary developmental origins of brain diversity.
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Stingo-Hirmas D, Cunha F, Cardoso RF, Carra LG, Rönnegård L, Wright D, Henriksen R. Proportional Cerebellum Size Predicts Fear Habituation in Chickens. Front Physiol 2022; 13:826178. [PMID: 35250629 PMCID: PMC8891606 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.826178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum has a highly conserved neural structure across species but varies widely in size. The wide variation in cerebellar size (both absolute and in proportion to the rest of the brain) among species and populations suggests that functional specialization is linked to its size. There is increasing recognition that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive processing and emotional control in addition to its role in motor coordination. However, to what extent cerebellum size reflects variation in these behavioral processes within species remains largely unknown. By using a unique intercross chicken population based on parental lines with high divergence in cerebellum size, we compared the behavior of individuals repeatedly exposed to the same fear test (emergence test) early in life and after sexual maturity (eight trials per age group) with proportional cerebellum size and cerebellum neural density. While proportional cerebellum size did not predict the initial fear response of the individuals (trial 1), it did increasingly predict adult individuals response as the trials progressed. Our results suggest that proportional cerebellum size does not necessarily predict an individual’s fear response, but rather the habituation process to a fearful stimulus. Cerebellum neuronal density did not predict fear behavior in the individuals which suggests that these effects do not result from changes in neuronal density but due to other variables linked to proportional cerebellum size which might underlie fear habituation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Cunha
- IFM-Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Rönnegård
- School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Rie Henriksen
- IFM-Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Rie Henriksen,
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Racicot KJ, Popic C, Cunha F, Wright D, Henriksen R, Iwaniuk AN. The cerebellar anatomy of red junglefowl and white leghorn chickens: insights into the effects of domestication on the cerebellum. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:211002. [PMID: 34659779 PMCID: PMC8511745 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Domestication is the process by which wild organisms become adapted for human use. Many phenotypic changes are associated with animal domestication, including decreases in brain and brain region sizes. In contrast with this general pattern, the chicken has a larger cerebellum compared with the wild red junglefowl, but what neuroanatomical changes are responsible for this difference have yet to be investigated. Here, we quantified cell layer volumes, neuron numbers and neuron sizes in the cerebella of chickens and junglefowl. Chickens have larger, more folded cerebella with more and larger granule cells than junglefowl, but neuron numbers and cerebellar folding were proportional to cerebellum size. However, chickens do have relatively larger granule cell layer volumes and relatively larger granule cells than junglefowl. Thus, the chicken cerebellum can be considered a scaled-up version of the junglefowl cerebellum, but with enlarged granule cells. The combination of scaling neuron number and disproportionate enlargement of cell bodies partially supports a recent theory that domestication does not affect neuronal density within brain regions. Whether the neuroanatomical changes we observed are typical of domestication or not requires similar quantitative analyses in other domesticated species and across multiple brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J. Racicot
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Christina Popic
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Felipe Cunha
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K3M4
| | - Dominic Wright
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Rie Henriksen
- AVIAN Behavioural Genomics and Physiology Group, IFM Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Andrew N. Iwaniuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K3M4
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Cunha F, Gutiérrez-Ibáñez C, Racicot K, Wylie DR, Iwaniuk AN. A quantitative analysis of cerebellar anatomy in birds. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2561-2583. [PMID: 34357439 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is largely conserved in its circuitry, but varies greatly in size and shape across species. The extent to which differences in cerebellar morphology is driven by changes in neuron numbers, neuron sizes or both, remains largely unknown. To determine how species variation in cerebellum size and shape is reflective of neuron sizes and numbers requires the development of a suitable comparative data set and one that can effectively separate different neuronal populations. Here, we generated the largest comparative dataset to date on neuron numbers, sizes, and volumes of cortical layers and surface area of the cerebellum across 54 bird species. Across different cerebellar sizes, the cortical layers maintained relatively constant proportions to one another and variation in cerebellum size was largely due to neuron numbers rather than neuron sizes. However, the rate at which neuron numbers increased with cerebellum size varied across Purkinje cells, granule cells, and cerebellar nuclei neurons. We also examined the relationship among neuron numbers, cerebellar surface area and cerebellar folding. Our estimate of cerebellar folding, the midsagittal foliation index, was a poor predictor of surface area and number of Purkinje cells, but surface area was the best predictor of Purkinje cell numbers. Overall, this represents the first comprehensive, quantitative analysis of cerebellar anatomy in a comparative context of any vertebrate. The extent to which these relationships occur in other vertebrates requires a similar approach and would determine whether the same scaling principles apply throughout the evolution of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Cunha
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Science & Academic Building, SA8150, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 6T5, Canada.
| | | | - Kelsey Racicot
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Science & Academic Building, SA8150, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 6T5, Canada
| | - Douglas R Wylie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew N Iwaniuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Dr. W, Science & Academic Building, SA8150, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 6T5, Canada
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Petersen E, Schlagenhauf P, Lee SS, Blumberg L, Kramer L, Obiero C, Al-Abri S, Cunha F, Petrosillo N, Di Caro A, Gautret P, Shafi S, Abubakar A, Pinto TCA, Memish Z, Hui DSC, Zumla A, Grobusch MP. Mandatory immunization against SARS-CoV-2 of athletes, companions and supporters for the Tokyo Olympics. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 108:156-158. [PMID: 34089881 PMCID: PMC8170875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Petersen
- European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infections Task Force, ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; European Travel Medicine Network, Méditerranée Infection Foundation, Marseille, France.
| | - P Schlagenhauf
- European Travel Medicine Network, Méditerranée Infection Foundation, Marseille, France; University of Zürich Centre for Travel Medicine, WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S S Lee
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Blumberg
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Centre for Emerging, Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg 2195, South Africa
| | - L Kramer
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - C Obiero
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Clinical Research Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - S Al-Abri
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - F Cunha
- European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infections Task Force, ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Infectious Diseases, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Petrosillo
- European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), International Affairs Subcommittee, Basel, Switzerland; Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - A Di Caro
- European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infections Task Force, ESCMID, Basel, Switzerland; Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - P Gautret
- European Travel Medicine Network, Méditerranée Infection Foundation, Marseille, France; IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - S Shafi
- Mass Gatherings and Global Health Network, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Abubakar
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria
| | - T C A Pinto
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, United States; Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Z Memish
- Research & Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - D S C Hui
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - A Zumla
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M P Grobusch
- European Travel Medicine Network, Méditerranée Infection Foundation, Marseille, France; Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Coutinho IA, Costa Sousa F, Cunha F, Frutuoso C, Ribeiro C, Loureiro C, Águas F, Todo Bom A. Key elements in hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy: experience with rapid drug desensitization in gynaecological cancer in a tertiary hospital. Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 54:265-276. [PMID: 33944544 DOI: 10.23822/eurannaci.1764-1489.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary Rapid drug desensitization (RDD) is a procedure performed when no alternative drug is considered equally effective. The aim of our study is to describe the experience with RDD to cytostatics in patients being treated for gynaecological cancer in a tertiary hospital, over a period of 5 years. In this paper, we review 22 cases and 107 episodes of RDD; 86.3% of patients had advanced disease and the mortality rate at the time of data collection was 50.0%. RDD was performed on 81.8% patients for platinum, 13.6% for taxanes, and 4.5% for anthracyclines. The reintroduction of antineoplastic drugs in all patients with a previous history of immediate hypersensitivity reaction demonstrated the safety and efficacy of this procedure. There was serious complication (anaphylaxis) in only one case.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Coutinho
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Costa Sousa
- Department of Ginaecology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Clinical Academic Center, School of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Frutuoso
- Department of Ginaecology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Ribeiro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Loureiro
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - F Águas
- Department of Ginaecology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Todo Bom
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Silva TV, de Oliveira EB, Pérez-Báez J, Risco CA, Chebel RC, Cunha F, Daetz R, Santos JEP, Lima FS, Jeong KC, Galvão KN. Economic comparison between ceftiofur-treated and nontreated dairy cows with metritis. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:8918-8930. [PMID: 33934874 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the economic effect of treating dairy cows with metritis using ceftiofur-free acid or leaving them untreated at the time of diagnosis. Cows with a fetid, watery, red-brownish vaginal discharge were diagnosed with metritis (d 0). Data from 875 dairy cows (506 primiparous and 369 multiparous) from 1 herd in northern Florida that had been part of a larger study evaluating different treatments for metritis were used for the economic analysis. Holstein cows with metritis had been randomly assigned to: Ceftiofur (CEF, n = 239) = subcutaneous injection of 6.6 mg/kg of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in the base of the ear at d 0 and d 3; Untreated (UNT, n = 233) = no treatment applied at metritis diagnosis. Both groups could receive escape therapy if condition worsened. A group of nonmetritic healthy cows (NMET; n = 403) from the same cohort was randomly selected for comparison. Continuous outcomes such as 300-d milk production (kg/cow), milk sales ($/cow), cow sales ($/cow), treatment cost by 60 days in milk ($/cow), reproduction cost ($/cow), replacement cost ($/cow), feeding cost ($/cow), and gross profit per cow ($/cow) were analyzed using the ANOVA (MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4). Dichotomous outcomes such as pregnancy and culling by 300 d were analyzed using logistic regression (GLIMMIX procedure of SAS). Models included the fixed effects of treatment, parity, and the interaction between treatment and parity. A stochastic analysis was performed with 10,000 iterations using the observed results from each group. The CEF treatment resulted in greater treatment cost by 60 DIM than UNT ($112 vs. $37), but resulted in a greater proportion of pregnant cows (71 vs. 61%) and decreased culling by 300 DIM (29 vs. 39%) compared with UNT. Gross profit was lesser for UNT than NMET ($2,969 vs. $3,426), and CEF was intermediate ($3,219). The stochastic analysis showed that the mean difference in gross profit between UNT and NMET was -$457; saleable milk (49%) and replacement cost (24%) accounted for most of the variation. The mean difference in gross profit between CEF and NMET group was -$207; saleable milk (82%) and initial metritis treatment cost (9%) accounted for most of the variation. The mean difference in gross profit between the UNT and the CEF group was -$250; replacement cost (41%) and cow sales (31%) accounted for most of the variation. In summary, metritis caused large economic losses when left untreated, and CEF reduced those losses by improving fertility, reducing culling and replacement cost, and reducing milk yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Silva
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - E B de Oliveira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J Pérez-Báez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - C A Risco
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - R Daetz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis 95616
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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Pérez-Báez J, Silva TV, Risco CA, Chebel RC, Cunha F, De Vries A, Santos JEP, Lima FS, Pinedo P, Schuenemann GM, Bicalho RC, Gilbert RO, Rodrigez-Zas S, Seabury CM, Rosa G, Thatcher WW, Galvão KN. The economic cost of metritis in dairy herds. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3158-3168. [PMID: 33455790 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of metritis in dairy herds. Data from 11,733 dairy cows from 16 different farms located in 4 different regions of the United States were compiled for up to 305 d in milk, and 11,581 cows (2,907 with and 8,674 without metritis) were used for this study. Metritis was defined as fetid, watery, red-brownish vaginal discharge that occurs ≤21 d in milk. Continuous outcomes such as 305-d milk production, milk sales ($/cow), cow sales ($/cow), metritis treatment costs ($/cow), replacement costs ($/cow), reproduction costs ($/cow), feeding costs ($/cow), and gross profit per cow ($/cow) were analyzed using mixed effect models using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Gross profit was also compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Dichotomous outcomes such as pregnant and culling by 305 d in milk were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Time to pregnancy and culling were analyzed using the PHREG procedure of SAS. Models included the fixed effects of metritis, parity, and the interaction between metritis and parity, and farm as the random effect. Variables were considered significant when P ≤ 0.05. Metritis cost was calculated by subtracting the gross profit of cows with metritis from the gross profit of cows without metritis. A stochastic analysis was performed with 10,000 iterations using the observed results from each group. Milk yield and proportion of cows pregnant were lesser for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis, whereas the proportion of cows leaving the herd was greater for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis. Milk sales, feeding costs, residual cow value, and gross profit were lesser for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis. Cow sales and replacement costs were greater for cows with metritis than for cows without metritis. The mean cost of metritis from the study herds was $511 and the median was $398. The stochastic analysis showed that the mean cost of a case of metritis was $513, with 95% of the scenarios ranging from $240 to $884, and that milk price, treatment cost, replacement cost, and feed cost explained 59%, 19%, 12%, and 7%, respectively, of the total variation in cash flow differences. In conclusion, metritis caused large economic losses to dairy herds by decreasing milk production, reproduction, and survival in the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pérez-Báez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - T V Silva
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - C A Risco
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - A De Vries
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61802
| | - P Pinedo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80521
| | - G M Schuenemann
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
| | - R C Bicalho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - R O Gilbert
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, PO Box 334, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - S Rodrigez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 61802
| | - C M Seabury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843
| | - G Rosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - W W Thatcher
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences and D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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16
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Cordeiro R, Mira PA, Monteiro W, Cunha F, Laterza MC, Pescatello LS, Martinez DG, Farinatti P. Hemodynamics and cardiac autonomic modulation after an acute concurrent exercise circuit in older individuals with pre- to established hypertension. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e1971. [PMID: 33503175 PMCID: PMC7798120 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have investigated whether post-exercise hypotension (PEH) after concurrent exercise (CEX) is related to changes in cardiac output (Q) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) in older individuals. We tested whether PEH after a single bout of CEX circuits performed in open-access facilities at the Third Age Academies (TAA) in Rio de Janeiro City (Brazil) would be concomitant with decreased Q and SVR in individuals aged ≥60 years with prehypertension. Moreover, we assessed autonomic modulation as a potential mechanism underlying PEH. METHODS Fourteen individuals (age, 65.8±0.9 y; systolic/diastolic blood pressure [SBP/DBP], 132.4±12.1/72.8±10.8 mmHg; with half of the patients taking antihypertensive medications) had their blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), Q, SVR, HR variability (HRV), and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) recorded before and 50 min after CEX (40-min circuit, including seven stations of alternate aerobic/resistance exercises at 60-70% HR reserve) and non-exercise control (CONT) sessions. The study protocol was registered in a World Health Organization-accredited office (Trial registration RBR-7BWVPJ). RESULTS SBP (Δ=-14.2±13.1 mmHg, p=0.0001), DBP (Δ=-5.2±8.2 mmHg, p= 0.04), Q (Δ=-2.2±1.5 L/min, p=0.0001), and BRS (Δ=-3.5±2.6 ms/mmHg; p=0.05) decreased after CEX as compared with the CONT session. By contrast, the HR increased (Δ=9.4±7.2 bpm, p<0.0001), and SVR remained stable throughout the postexercise period as compared with the CONT session (Δ=0.10±0.22 AU, p=0.14). We found no significant difference between the CEX and CONT with respect to the HRV indexes reflecting autonomic modulation. CONCLUSION CEX induced PEH in the older individuals with prehypertension status. At least in the first 50 min, PEH occurred parallel to the decreased Q and increased HR, while SVR was not different. The changes in autonomic outflow appeared to be unrelated to the acute cardiac and hemodynamic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cordeiro
- Programa de Graduacao em Ciencias da Atividade Fisica, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Pedro Augusto Mira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratorio de Ciencia do Exercicio, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Unidade de Investigacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Hospital Universitario e Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BR
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Programa de Graduacao em Ciencias da Atividade Fisica, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Felipe Cunha
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
| | - Mateus C. Laterza
- Unidade de Investigacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Hospital Universitario e Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BR
| | | | - Daniel G. Martinez
- Unidade de Investigacao Cardiovascular e Fisiologia do Exercicio, Hospital Universitario e Faculdade de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, BR
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Programa de Graduacao em Ciencias da Atividade Fisica, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Niteroi, RJ, BR
- Laboratorio de Atividade Fisica e Promocao da Saude (LABSAU), Instituto de Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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El-Andari R, Cunha F, Tschirren B, Iwaniuk AN. Selection for Divergent Reproductive Investment Affects Neuron Size and Foliation in the Cerebellum. Brain Behav Evol 2020; 95:69-77. [PMID: 32784306 DOI: 10.1159/000509068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum has a highly conserved internal circuitry, but varies greatly in size and morphology within and across species. Despite this variation, the underlying volumetric changes among the layers of the cerebellar cortex or their association with Purkinje cell numbers and sizes is poorly understood. Here, we examine intraspecific scaling relationships and variation in the quantitative neuroanatomy of the cerebellum in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) selected for high or low reproductive investment. As predicted by the circuitry of the cerebellum, the volumes of the constituent layers of the cerebellar cortex were strongly and positively correlated with one another and with total cerebellar volume. The number of Purkinje cells also significantly and positively co-varied with total cerebellar volume and the molecular layer, but not the granule cell layer or white matter volumes. Purkinje cell size and cerebellar foliation did not significantly covary with any cerebellar measures, but differed significantly between the selection lines. Males and females from the high-investment lines had smaller Purkinje cells than males and females from the low-investment lines and males from the high-investment lines had less folded cerebella than quail from the low-investment lines. These results suggest that within species, the layers of the cerebellum increase in a coordinated fashion, but Purkinje cell size and cerebellar foliation do not increase proportionally with overall cerebellum size. In contrast, selection for differential reproductive investment affects Purkinje cell size and cerebellar foliation, but not other quantitative measures of cerebellar anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryaan El-Andari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Felipe Cunha
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barbara Tschirren
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Iwaniuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada,
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Cunha F, Racicot K, Nahirney J, Heuston C, Wylie D, Iwaniuk A. Allometric Scaling Rules of the Cerebellum in Galliform Birds. Brain Behav Evol 2020; 95:78-92. [DOI: 10.1159/000509069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although the internal circuitry of the cerebellum is highly conserved across vertebrate species, the size and shape of the cerebellum varies considerably. Recent comparative studies have examined the allometric rules between cerebellar mass and number of neurons, but data are lacking on the numbers and sizes of Purkinje and granule cells or scaling of cerebellar foliation. Here, we investigate the allometric rules that govern variation in the volumes of the layers of the cerebellum, the numbers and sizes of Purkinje cells and granule cells and the degree of the cerebellar foliation across 7 species of galliform birds. We selected Galliformes because they vary greatly in body and brain sizes. Our results show that the molecular, granule and white matter layers all increase in volume at the same rate relative to total cerebellum volume. Both numbers and sizes of Purkinje cells increased with cerebellar volume, but numbers of Purkinje cells increased at a much faster rate than size. Granule cell numbers increased with cerebellar volume, but size did not. Sizes and numbers of Purkinje cells as well as numbers of granule cells were positively correlated with the degree of cerebellar foliation, but granule cell size decreased with higher degrees of foliation. The concerted changes among the volumes of cerebellar layers likely reflects the conserved neural circuitry of the cerebellum. Also, our data indicate that the scaling of cell sizes can vary markedly across neuronal populations, suggesting that evolutionary changes in cell sizes might be more complex than what is often assumed.
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de Oliveira EB, Cunha F, Daetz R, Figueiredo CC, Chebel RC, Santos JE, Risco CA, Jeong KC, Machado VS, Galvão KN. Using chitosan microparticles to treat metritis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7377-7391. [PMID: 32505402 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-18028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intrauterine administration of chitosan microparticles (CM) in curing metritis in dairy cows. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of metritis treatments on milk yield, survival, and reproductive performance. Cows with a fetid, watery, red-brownish vaginal discharge were diagnosed with metritis. Holstein cows (n = 826) with metritis from 3 dairies located in northern Florida were blocked by parity (primiparous or multiparous) and, within each block, randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments: CM (n = 276) = intrauterine infusion of 24 g of CM dissolved in 40 mL of sterile distilled water at the time of metritis diagnosis (d 0), 2 (d 2), and 4 (d 4) d later; ceftiofur (CEF; n = 275) = subcutaneous injection of 6.6 mg/kg ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in the base of the ear at d 0 and d 3; Control (CON; n = 275) = no treatment applied at metritis diagnosis. All groups could receive escape therapy if condition worsened. Cure was considered when vaginal discharge became mucoid and not fetid. A group of nonmetritic (NMET; n = 2,436) cows was used for comparison. Data were analyzed by generalized linear mixed and Cox's proportional hazard models. Cows in CM and CON had lesser risk of metritis cure on d 12 than cows in CEF (58.6 ± 5.0 vs. 61.9 ± 4.9% vs. 77.9 ± 3.9, respectively). The proportion of cows culled within 60 days in milk (DIM) was greater for cows in CM than for cows in CEF and CON (21.5 ± 2.7 vs. 9.7 ± 1.9 vs. 11.3 ± 2.0%, respectively). Treatment did not affect rectal temperature or plasma nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and haptoglobin concentrations. Milk yield in the first 60 DIM differed for all treatments, and it was lowest for CM (35.8 ± 0.3 kg/d), followed by CON (36.8 ± 0.3 kg/d) and CEF (37.9 ± 0.3 kg/d). The hazard of pregnancy up to 300 DIM was lesser for CM than CEF (hazard ratio = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.50-0.76), for CM than CON (hazard ratio = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.62-0.95) and for CON than CEF (hazard ratio = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65-0.99). Culling was greater, and milk yield and fertility were lesser for CEF than NMET. In summary, CM did not improve the cure of metritis, and was detrimental to milk yield, survival, and fertility compared with CON. In contrast, CEF increased the cure of metritis, milk yield, and fertility compared with CM and CON. Finally, the negative effects of metritis on milk yield culling and fertility could not be completely reversed by CEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B de Oliveira
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - R Daetz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - C C Figueiredo
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - J E Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - C A Risco
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
| | - V S Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
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20
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Brennand CARL, Filho GPR, Maia G, Cunha F, Guidoni DL, Villas LA. Towards a Fog-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System to Reduce Traffic Jam. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19183916. [PMID: 31514376 PMCID: PMC6767320 DOI: 10.3390/s19183916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Frustrations, monetary losses, lost time, high fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions are some of the problems caused by traffic jams in urban centers. In an attempt to solve this problem, this article proposes a traffic service to control congestion, named FOXS-Fast Offset Xpath Service. FOXS aims to reduce the problems generated by a traffic jam in a distributed way through roads classification and the suggestion of new routes to vehicles. Unlike the related works, FOXS is modeled using the Fog computing paradigm. Therefore, it is possible to take advantage of the inherent aspects of this paradigm, such as low latency, processing load balancing, scalability, geographical correlation and the reduction of bandwidth usage. In order to validate FOXS, our performance evaluation considers two realistic urban scenarios with different characteristics. When compared with related works, FOXS shows a reduction in stop time by up to 70%, the CO 2 emissions by up to 29% and, the planning time index by up to 49%. When considering communication evaluation metrics, FOXS reaches a better result than other solutions on the packet collisions metric (up to 11.5%) and on the application delay metric (up to 30%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso A R L Brennand
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), UAST, Gregorio Ferraz Nogueira Av., Serra Talhada, Pernambuco 56909-535, Brazil.
- Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 1251 Albert Einstein Av., Campinas SP 13083, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo P Rocha Filho
- Department of Computer Science, University of Brasília, Distrito Federal 70000-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Maia
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cunha
- Department of Computer Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte 30535-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel L Guidoni
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei 36301-360, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Villas
- Institute of Computing, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 1251 Albert Einstein Av., Campinas SP 13083, Brazil
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21
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Fonseca G, de Paula T, Neves M, Cunha F. Pulse Wave Reflection Responses After Aerobic Exercise with Different Volumes in Normotensive and Hypertensive Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000561248.69106.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Cordeiro R, Monteiro W, Cunha F, Pescatello LS, Farinatti P. Influence of Acute Concurrent Exercise Performed in Public Fitness Facilities on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among Older Adults in Rio de Janeiro City. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:2962-2970. [PMID: 29995693 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cordeiro, R, Monteiro, W, Cunha, F, Pescatello, LS, and Farinatti, P. Influence of acute concurrent exercise performed in public fitness facilities on ambulatory blood pressure among older adults in Rio de Janeiro city. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2962-2970, 2018-The project "Third-Age Academies'" (TAAs) is a public policy providing supervised physical activities to over 40,000 seniors at open-access facilities (squares etc.) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We investigated whether TAA concurrent exercise circuit induced postexercise hypotension (PEH) in individuals older than 60 years. Blood pressure (BP) was measured by 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) after counterbalanced CEX and nonexercise (CONT) sessions (n = 16; 66.8 ± 1.4 years; systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP): 132.5 ± 4.3/78.0 ± 2.8 mm Hg). For statistical analyses purposes, groups were divided as exhibiting normal SBP (≤120 mm Hg) or high SBP (>120 mm Hg), based on 24-hour ABPM after CONT. The CEX included 2 aerobic and 9 resistance exercises performed alternately in circuit order (40 minutes at 60-70% heart rate reserve using body mass or fixed loads). 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring lowered in individuals with high BP (n = 11; medicated = 5) (SBP: -6.5 ± 1.9 mm Hg; mean arterial pressure [MAP]: -4.3 ± 1.5 mm Hg; p < 0.015), particularly within the first 5-6 hours after exercise (SBP: -13.5 ± 2.6 mm Hg; DBP: -9.4 ± 2.2 mm Hg; and MAP: -11.4 ± 1.6 mm Hg, p < 0.05). Significant BP lowering was not detected among participants with normal BP (n = 5; medicated = 4). In conclusion, CEX provoked PEH in older adults with prehypertension to established hypertension. Because of the potential of TAAs to reach large numbers of older adults, our findings are encouraging and should be confirmed in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cordeiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil.,Physical Education Department, Estácio de Sá University, Cabo Frio, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Augusto Motta University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niteroi, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Gonçalves CI, Fonseca F, Borges T, Cunha F, Lemos MC. Expanding the genetic spectrum of ANOS1 mutations in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:704-711. [PMID: 28122887 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the prevalence and functional consequence of ANOS1 (KAL1) mutations in a group of men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH)? SUMMARY ANSWER Three of forty-two (7.1%) patients presented ANOS1 mutations, including a novel splice site mutation leading to exon skipping and a novel contiguous gene deletion associated with ichthyosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY CHH is characterized by lack of pubertal development and infertility, due to deficient production, secretion or action of GnRH, and can be associated with anosmia/hyposmia (Kallmann syndrome, KS) or with a normal sense of smell (normosmic CHH). Mutations in the anosmin-1 (ANOS1) gene are responsible for the X-linked recessive form of KS. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cross-sectional study included 42 unrelated men with CHH (20 with KS and 22 with normosmic CHH). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Patients were screened for mutations in the ANOS1 gene by DNA sequencing. Identified mutations were further investigated by RT-PCR analysis and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analysis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Hemizygous mutations were identified in three (7.1%) KS cases: a novel splice acceptor site mutation (c.542-1G>C), leading to skipping of exon 5 in the ANOS1 transcript in a patient with self-reported normosmia (but hyposmic upon testing); a recurrent nonsense mutation (c.571C>T, p.Arg191*); and a novel 4.8 Mb deletion involving ANOS1 and eight other genes (VCX3B, VCX2, PNPLA4, VCX, STS, HDHD1, VCX3A and NLGN4X) in KS associated with ichthyosis. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Objective olfactory testing was not performed in all cases of self-reported normosmia and this may have underestimated the olfactory deficits. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study further expands the spectrum of known genetic defects associated with CHH and suggests that patients with self-reported normal olfactory function should not be excluded from ANOS1 genetic testing. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology. The authors have no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - F Fonseca
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Hospital de Curry Cabral, 1069-166 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T Borges
- Serviço de Pediatria Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
| | - F Cunha
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo, Hospital de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M C Lemos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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25
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Kieselova K, Santiago F, Henrique M, Cunha F. Image Gallery: Cutaneous lesions in the external auditory canal causing hearing loss. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:e119. [PMID: 28581247 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kieselova
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - F Santiago
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - M Henrique
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - F Cunha
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
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26
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Freire R, Farinatti P, Cunha F, Silva B, Monteiro W. Locomotion Mode Affects the Physiological Strain during Exercise at Walk-Run Transition Speed inElderly Men. Int J Sports Med 2017; 38:515-520. [PMID: 28564744 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated cardiorespiratory responses and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during prolonged walking and running exercise performed at the walk-run transition speed (WRTS) in untrained healthy elderly men. 20 volunteers (mean±SE, age: 68.4±1.2 yrs; height: 170.0±0.02 cm; body mass: 74.7±2.3 kg) performed the following bouts of exercise: a) maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET); b) specific protocol to detect WRTS; and c) two 30-min walking and running bouts at WRTS. Expired gases were collected during exercise bouts via the Ultima CardiO2 metabolic analyzer. Compared to walking, running at the WRTS resulted in higher oxygen uptake (>0.27 L·min-1), pulmonary ventilation (>7.7 L·min-1), carbon dioxide output (>0.23 L·min-1), heart rate (>15 beats·min-1), oxygen pulse (>0.88 15 mL·beats-1), energy expenditure (>27 kcal) and cost of oxygen transport (>43 mL·kg-1·km-1·bout-1). The increase of overall and local RPEs with exercise duration was similar across locomotion modes (P<0.001). In all participants, %HRR and %VO2R throughout walking and running bouts were around or above the gas exchange threshold. In conclusion, elderly men exhibited higher cardiorespiratory responses during 30-min bouts of running than walking at WRTS. Nevertheless, walking corresponded to relative metabolic intensities compatible with preservation or improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness and should be preferable over running at WRTS in the untrained elderly characterized by poor fitness and reduced exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Freire
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Augusto Mota University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Brenno Silva
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Daetz R, Cunha F, Bittar J, Risco C, Magalhaes F, Maeda Y, Santos J, Jeong K, Cooke R, Galvão K. Clinical response after chitosan microparticle administration and preliminary assessment of efficacy in preventing metritis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8946-8955. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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28
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Cunha F, Midgley AW, Pescatello L, Soares PP, Farinatti P. Acute Hypotensive Response to Continuous and Accumulated Isocaloric Aerobic Bouts. Int J Sports Med 2016; 37:855-62. [PMID: 27551937 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that chronic reductions in blood pressure (BP) due to aerobic exercise depend on the ability to induce post-exercise hypotension (PEH) after each training bout. The purpose of this study was to investigate PEH after isocaloric bouts of continuous and accumulated running. 10 healthy pre-hypertensive men (aged 27.6±3.5 years) performed the following bouts of exercise: a) A continuous bout (CONT) expending a total of 400 kcal; and b) An accumulated bout split into 2×200 kcal (INTER1 and INTER2) to total 400 kcal at 75% of oxygen uptake reserve. BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate variability were monitored 10 min before and 60 min after control and all exercise conditions. The decrease in MAP over time after continuous (400 kcal) and accumulated (2×200 kcal) bouts of exercise was more pronounced than during control (mean diff between 1.6 and 5.4 mmHg, P≤0.01), although the magnitude of change was similar between continuous and accumulated bouts (mean diff=0.1 mmHg, P=0.79). Concomitant to the PEH, sympathovagal balance was inversely related to changes in MAP after isocaloric bouts performed continuously and cumulatively (r=- 0.72 and-0.85, P=0.019 and 0.002, respectively). In conclusion, BP decreased to similar levels after continuous and accumulated acute aerobic exercise matched for total energy expenditure. Our findings also indicate that the recovery pattern of cardiac autonomic activity may have an important role in eliciting PEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A W Midgley
- Sport and Physical Activity, Ormskirk, Edgehill University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - L Pescatello
- School of Allied Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | - P P Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Farinatti
- School of Physical Education, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Vasconcellos F, Seabra A, Cunha F, Montenegro R, Penha J, Bouskela E, Nogueira Neto JF, Collett-Solberg P, Farinatti P. Health markers in obese adolescents improved by a 12-week recreational soccer program: a randomised controlled trial. J Sports Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208409 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1064150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of a recreational soccer program (RSP) upon body composition, heart rate variability (HRV), biochemical markers, cardio-respiratory fitness, and endothelial function in obese adolescents were investigated. A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted with 30 adolescents aged 12-17 years and body mass index (BMI) >2 standard deviations of WHO reference values, which were assigned to RSP (n = 10, 2 girls) and obese control (n = 10, 4 girls) groups. The 12-week RSP included 60-min sessions performed 3 times/week. BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, insulin, C-reactive protein, HRV, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were evaluated following standardised procedures. Body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and endothelial function by venous occlusion plethysmography. After intervention, RSP exhibited significant reductions in BMI (-0.7 ± 0.2 kg · m(-2)), waist circumference (-8.2 ± 1.4 cm), %body fat (-2.2 ± 0.4%), systolic blood pressure (-5.0 ± 2.3 mmHg), total cholesterol (-16.2 ± 5.8 mg · dL(-1)), triglycerides (-20.5 ± 12.9 mg · dL(-1)), C-reactive protein (-0.06 ± 0.01 mg · dL(-1)), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, -1.4 ± 0.6), and sympathetic activity (LF, -13.9 ± 6.6 un) vs. controls (P < 0.05). Significant increase was observed in parasympathetic activity (HF, 13.9 ± 6.6 un), VO2peak (7.9 ± 2.8 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.0 ± 6.3 mg · dL(-1)) (P < 0.05). Vascular conductance (19.5 ± 8.1 ml · min(-1) · 100 ml, P = 0.005) increased and vascular resistance (-5.9 ± 2.4 ml · min(-1) · 100 ml, P = 0.041) decreased in RSP, but not in controls. A 12-week recreational soccer intervention was effective to improve biochemical, cardiovascular, and fitness health markers in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Vasconcellos
- a Research Centre in Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sports, Sports Faculty , University of Oporto , Oporto , Portugal.,b Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Andre Seabra
- c Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Sports Faculty , University of Oporto , Oporto , Portugal
| | - Felipe Cunha
- b Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Rafael Montenegro
- b Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Jociene Penha
- d Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- d Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - José Firmino Nogueira Neto
- e Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Paulo Collett-Solberg
- d Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Research in Vascular Biology, Biomedical Center , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- b Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Institute of Physical Education and Sports , University of Rio de Janeiro State , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,f Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program , Salgado de Oliveira University , Niteroi , Brazil
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Montenegro R, Okano A, Gurgel J, Porto F, Cunha F, Massaferri R, Farinatti P. Motor cortex tDCS does not improve strength performance in healthy subjects. Motriz: rev educ fis 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742015000200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) upon maximal strength performance in exercises recruiting large muscle mass has not been established in healthy populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anodal tDCS was able to increase the performance during maximal strength exercise (MSEX) in healthy subjects. Fourteen volunteers (age: 26 ± 4 yrs) performed two MSEX after anodal or sham tDCS (2mA; 20min prior MSEX), involving knee extensors and flexors in concentric isokinetic muscle actions of the dominant limb (3 sets of 10 repetitions). The electrical muscle activity (sEMG) of four recruited muscles was recorded during MSEX. Anodal tDCS was not able to improve force production (i.e., total work and peak torque), fatigue resistance, or electromyographic activity during MSEX when compared to sham condition. In conclusion, anodal tDCS applied upon the contralateral motor cortex was not capable of increasing the strength performance of knee extensors and flexors in young healthy subjects.
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Vasconcellos F, Seabra A, Cunha F, Farinatti P. Effect Of Recreational Soccer Practice On Cardiac Vagal Reactivation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478562.44455.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vasconcellos F, Seabra A, Montenegro R, Cunha F, Bouskela E, Farinatti P. Can Heart Rate Variability be used to Estimate Gas Exchange Threshold in Obese Adolescents? Int J Sports Med 2015; 36:654-60. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1398654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. Seabra
- Faculty of Sport – University of Porto, Kinanthropometry, Porto, Portugal
| | - R. Montenegro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F. Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E. Bouskela
- Clinical and Experimental Research Laboratory on Vascular Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P. Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Montenegro R, Okano A, Cunha F, Fontes E, Farinatti P. Does Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Influence the Oxygen Uptake at Rest and Post-exercise? Int J Sports Med 2013; 35:e1. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1343452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Montenegro
- Physical Activity and Health Promotion Laboratory (LABSAU), Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A. Okano
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - F. Cunha
- Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Salgado de Oliveira University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E. Fontes
- SPORTS SCIENCE, University of CAMPINAS – UNICAMP, CAMPINAS, Brazil
| | - P. Farinatti
- School of Physical Education, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Keese F, Farinatti P, Pescatello L, Cunha F, Monteiro W. Aerobic Exercise Intensity Influences Hypotension Following Concurrent Exercise Sessions. Int J Sports Med 2011; 33:148-53. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Keese
- Salgado de Oliveira University, Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P. Farinatti
- Rio de Janeiro State University, School of Physical Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L. Pescatello
- University of Connecticut, School of Allied Health, Storrs, United States
| | - F. Cunha
- Salgado de Oliveira University, Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University, School of Physical Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - W. Monteiro
- Salgado de Oliveira University, Physical Activity Sciences Graduate Program, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Rio de Janeiro State University, School of Physical Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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35
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Cunha F, Midgley A, Monteiro W, Farinatti P. Influence of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Protocol and Resting VO2Assessment on %HRmax, %HRR, %VO2maxand %VO2R Relationships. Int J Sports Med 2010; 31:319-26. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Celes MR, Torres-Duenas D, Malvestio L, Blefari V, Campos E, Prado C, Cunha F, Rossi M. Disruption of sarcolemmal dystrophin and β-dystroglycan may be a potential mechanism for myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis. Crit Care 2010. [PMCID: PMC3254972 DOI: 10.1186/cc9157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Dal Secco D, Olivon V, Corrêa T, Celes MR, Abreu M, Rossi M, Oliveira AM, Cunha F, Assreuy J. Cardiovascular hyporesponsiveness in sepsis is associated with G-protein receptor kinase expression via a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Crit Care 2010. [PMCID: PMC3254952 DOI: 10.1186/cc9137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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38
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Casagrande R, Valerio D, Georgetti S, Magro D, Cunha T, Viventini F, Vieira S, Fonseca M, Ferreira S, Cunha F, Verri W. 234 QUERCETIN REDUCES INFLAMMATORY PAIN: INHIBITION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CYTOKINE PRODUCTION. Eur J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Casagrande
- Londrina State University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina, Brazil
| | - D. Valerio
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - S. Georgetti
- Londrina State University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Londrina, Brazil
| | - D. Magro
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - T. Cunha
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - F. Viventini
- University of São Paulo‐FCFRP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - S. Vieira
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - M. Fonseca
- University of São Paulo‐FCFRP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - S. Ferreira
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - F. Cunha
- University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - W. Verri
- Department of Pathology Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
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Cunha F, Depieri R, Neves P, Vida J, Menezes-Junior A. PATOGENICIDADE DOS FUNGOS BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS.) VUILL. (CG 432) E METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (METSCH.) SOROK (UEL50) EM LARVAS DE CORALIOMELA BRUNNEA THUMB. (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE). Arq Inst Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657v75p2932008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO A barata-do-coqueiro (Coraliomela brunnea) constitui numa das principais pragas para o coqueiro, podendo causar severos danos, quando medidas de controle eficientes não forem tomadas. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de duas espécies de fungos entomopatogênicos no controle de C. brunnea. As larvas foram coletadas em lavoura de coqueiro e transportadas para o laboratório. Suspensões de esporos em diferentes concentrações de Beauveria bassiana foram pulverizadas sobre as larvas, com aproximadamente 2 cm, em caixas de acrílico e foram acondicionadas a 26º C com fotoperíodo de 12 horas de luz. B. bassiana não apresentou nenhum efeito sobre as larvas da barata-do-coqueiro, Metarhizium anisopliae, emtodas concentrações testadas, foram patogênicas causando mortalidade significativa ao inseto (P < 0,001), as concentrações que causaram mortalidade acima de 50% foram: 1 x 108, 5 x 107, 1 x 107 conídios/mL sendo 85%, 63,8% e 51,3% das larvas após 19 dias do tratamento, respectivamente.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J.B. Vida
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brasil
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Botelho MA, Rao VS, Carvalho CBM, Bezerra-Filho JG, Fonseca SGC, Vale ML, Montenegro D, Cunha F, Ribeiro RA, Brito GA. Lippia sidoides and Myracrodruon urundeuva gel prevents alveolar bone resorption in experimental periodontitis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 113:471-8. [PMID: 17714897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 07/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In Brazilian folk medicine, Lippia sidoides (Ls) and Myracrodruon urundeuva (Mu) have gained popularity and reputation as effective antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of topical herbal gel from Ls 0.5% (v/w) and Mu 5% (w/w) in experimental periodontal disease (EPD) in rats. Wistar rats were subjected to ligature placement around the second upper left molars. Animals were treated topically with Ls and/or Mu-based gel, immediately after EPD induction and three times/day for 11 days until the rats were sacrificed (11th day). Saline-based gel was utilized as control for all experiments and doxycycline based gel 10% (w/w) was utilized as reference substance. Animals were weighed daily. Alveolar bone loss was measured as the difference (in millimeters) between the cusp tip and the alveolar bone. The periodontum and the surrounding gingivae were examined at histopathology, as well as the neutrophil influx into the gingivae was assayed using myeloperoxidase activity and cytokine production mainly tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels by ELISA method. The local bacterial flora was assessed through culture of the gingival tissue in standard aerobic and anaerobic media. Alveolar bone loss was significantly inhibited by Ls and Mu combined treatment compared to the saline control group. Ls and Mu combined treatment reduced tissue lesion at histopathology, with partial preservation of the periodontum, coupled to decreased myeloperoxidase activity as well as significantly inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production in gingival tissue compared to the saline control group. Ls and Mu combined treatment also prevented the growth of oral microorganisms and the weight loss. Ls and Mu combined based gel treatment preserved alveolar bone resorption and demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities in experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Botelho
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Rua Professor Costa Mendes, 60.430-270 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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Opalinski M, Maiorka A, Dahlke F, Cunha F, Vargas FSC, Cardozo E. On the use of a probiotic (Bacillus subtilis - strain DSM 17299) as growth promoter in broiler diets. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - F Cunha
- Universidade Federal do Paraná
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42
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Opalinski M, Maiorka A, Cunha F, Martins da Silva EC, Borges SA. ADIÇÃO DE NÍVEIS CRESCENTES DE COMPLEXO ENZIMÁTICO EM RAÇÕES COM SOJA INTEGRAL DESATIVADA PARA FRANGOS DE CORTE. AVS 2006. [DOI: 10.5380/avs.v11i3.7424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
O presente experimento foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar o efeito da adição de níveis crescentes de complexo enzimático em rações com soja integral desativada sobre o consumo de ração (CR), ganho de peso (GP) e conversão alimentar (CA) defrangos de corte no período de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 480 pintos de corte, machos da linhagem Ross distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, contendo 4 tratamentos, com 6 repetições, cada uma com 20 aves. As aves foram alojadas em galpão convencional, dividido em boxes com piso de maravalha e receberam água e ração àvontade. As rações experimentais foram formuladas à base de milho, farelo de soja e soja integral desativada, obedecendo a níveis nutricionais utilizados pela indústria brasileira. O complexo enzimático (xilanase, âglucanase, mannanase, pectinase e protease) foi adicionado em níveis crescentes de 0; 25; 50 e 75 g/t de ração. A suplementação com 50 g/t do complexo enzimático, em dietas formuladas com soja integral desativada demonstrou aumento de 3% no consumo de ração e 2,5% no ganho de peso em comparação com a dieta sem suplementação. De acordo com a análise de regressão o nível ótimo de adição decomplexo enzimático para ganho de peso e para consumo alimentar (1 – 42 dias de idade) obtido nestas condições experimentais foi de 45,94g/t e 49,30g/t de enzima na ração respectivamente. O nível de inclusão do complexo enzimático foi próximo de 50 g/t
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Cunha F, Settanni FAP, Ganança FF. What is the effect of dizziness on the quality of life for patients with Meniere's disease? Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord) 2005; 126:155-8. [PMID: 16366382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of dizziness on quality of life (QOL) in Meniere's disease (MD) patients. METHODS OF STUDY Fifty definite MD patients were submitted to the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), in and out of crisis. The DHI scores were correlated to age, sex, race, disease duration, unilateral/bilateral labyrinth involvement, duration/frequency of vertigo attacks, vestibular and auditory function, aural fullness, tinnitus, imbalance and functional disabilities. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. RESULTS During crisis, all DHI aspects scores were statistically higher (p < 0.001) than out of crisis. Out of crisis, a statistically significant correlation was found between physical, functional and total scores and bilateral involvement. CONCLUSIONS QOL impairment is worse during a Meniere's crisis. Out of crisis, QOL impairment is greater in patients with bilateral involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cunha
- Federal University of São Paulo, Neurotology Discipline, Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Department, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The fish assemblage in a mangrove tidal creek was studied in monthly collections between August 1998 and July 1999 in the quadrature low tide and high tide, using a fyke net of 30 m x 1.5 m and meshes of 8 and 10 mm. Simultaneously with the biological collections, temperature, salinity, pH, water transparency, and current speed data were obtained. The collections resulted in the capture of 36,873 fish representing 22 families and 52 species. Immature individuals abounded (63.8%), and among the adult specimens there was a larger number of females. The species Anchoa parva, Harengula clupeola, Genidens genidens, and Bairdiella ronchus, contributed to 84.9% of the total capture of fish, however the contribution in mass was of 55.2%, indicating a predominance of small individuals. A smaller number of fish and species seem to occupy the area in the period between August and December, in comparison to the period between February and July, when the larger aggregations appear, mainly of the species Anchoa parva, Harengula clupeola, Opisthonema oglinum, Genidens genidens, Diapterus rhombeus, and Bairdiella ronchus. The environmental factors, pH, water transparency, and rainfall seem to have an influence in the structure of the observed biological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Spach
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 50002, CEP 83255-000, Pontal do Sul, PR, Brazil.
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Roman LS, Mello RMQ, Cunha F, H�mmelgen IA. An electrochemically synthesized sulfonated polyaniline layer for positive charge carrier injection improvement in conjugated polymer devices. J Solid State Electrochem 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-003-0393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Leung BP, Culshaw S, Gracie JA, Hunter D, Canetti CA, Campbell C, Cunha F, Liew FY, McInnes IB. A role for IL-18 in neutrophil activation. J Immunol 2001; 167:2879-86. [PMID: 11509635 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.5.2879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-18 expression and functional activity has been identified in several autoimmune and infectious diseases. To clarify the potential role of IL-18 during early innate immune responses, we have explored the capacity of IL-18 to activate neutrophils. Human peripheral blood-derived neutrophils constitutively expressed IL-18R (alpha and beta) commensurate with the capacity to rapidly respond to IL-18. IL-18 induced cytokine and chemokine release from neutrophils that was protein synthesis dependent, up-regulated CD11b expression, induced granule release, and enhanced the respiratory burst following exposure to fMLP, but had no effect upon the rate of neutrophil apoptosis. The capacity to release cytokine and chemokine was significantly enhanced in neutrophils derived from rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, indicating differential responsiveness to IL-18 dependent upon prior neutrophil activation in vivo. Finally, IL-18 administration promoted neutrophil accumulation in vivo, whereas IL-18 neutralization suppressed the severity of footpad inflammation following carrageenan injection. The latter was accompanied by reduction in tissue myeloperoxidase expression and suppressed local TNF-alpha production. Together, these data define a novel role for IL-18 in activating neutrophils and thereby promoting early innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Leung
- Department of Immunology and Bacteriology, Western Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Pereira F, Cunha F. Allergic contact dermatitis from chromate and 4-tert-butylphenol-formaldehyde resin in a father and daughter. Contact Dermatitis 2000; 43:242-3. [PMID: 11011940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Curry Cabral, Lisbon, Portugal
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48
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Cunha F. [Health care: a critical review]. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 1999; 45:312-6. [PMID: 10752237 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-42301999000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Historic review of the medical care in a marketing context as part o Welfare State as claimed by economists. The medical work in our century may be inserted in services domain and it is no more a preoccupation of administrative neoliberal schedule. Instead, the financial issues entirely hold heart and mind of our governors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cunha
- Hospital Materno Infantil Pres. Vargas, Porto Alegre, RS
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Sá H, Freitas L, Mota A, Cunha F, Marques A. Primary antiphospholipid syndrome presented by total infarction of right kidney with nephrotic syndrome. Clin Nephrol 1999; 52:56-60. [PMID: 10442498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the case of a young woman with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which presented with acute renal failure, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia and nephrotic proteinuria. Investigations showed total infarction of right kidney by extensive arterial and vein thrombosis and presence of anticardiolipin antibodies IgG isotype (anti-beta2-glycoprotein I-positive). She was submitted to right nefrectomy and initiated anticoagulant therapy. After nefrectomy, the postoperative period was marked by the development of arterial hypertension and persistence of nephrotic syndrome. Hypertension was treated with antihypertensive drugs (IECA, beta-blocker and calcium antagonist). As the nephrotic syndrome persisted despite anticoagulant and antihypertensive therapy, the patient was treated with oral corticosteroids. Her renal function improved, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia corrected to normal values and proteinuria decreased to subnephrotic value. We discuss the unusual presentation of this case of primary antiphospholipid syndrome with total unilateral renal thrombosis and nephrotic syndrome that respond to anticoagulant, antihypertensive and corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sá
- Nephrology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
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