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Sutijan S, Darma SA, Hananto CM, Sujoto VSH, Anggara F, Jenie SNA, Astuti W, Mufakhir FR, Virdian S, Utama AP, Petrus HTBM. Lithium Separation from Geothermal Brine to Develop Critical Energy Resources Using High-Pressure Nanofiltration Technology: Characterization and Optimization. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:86. [PMID: 36676893 PMCID: PMC9866668 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles (EVs), with the primary goal of reducing CO2 emissions from road transport. Battery technology is at the heart of this transition as it is vital to hybrid and fully electric vehicles' performance, affordability, and reliability. However, it is not abundant in nature. Lithium has many uses, one of which is heat transfer applications; synthesized as an alloying agent for batteries, glass, and ceramics, it therefore has a high demand on the global market. Lithium can be attained by extraction from other natural resources in igneous rocks, in the waters of mineral springs, and geothermal brine. During the research, geothermal brine was used because, from the technological point of view, geothermal brine contains higher lithium content than other resources such as seawater. The nanofiltration separation process was operated using various solutions of pH 5, 7, and 10 at high pressures. The varying pressures are 11, 13, and 15 bar. The nanofiltration method was used as the separation process. High pressure of inert nitrogen gas was used to supply the driving force to separate lithium from other ions and elements in the sample. The research results supported the selected parameters where higher pressure and pH provided more significant lithium recovery but were limited by concentration polarization. The optimal operating conditions for lithium recovery in this research were obtained at a pH of 10 under a pressure of 15 bar, with the highest lithium recovery reaching more than 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutijan Sutijan
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Stevanus Adi Darma
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Christopher Mario Hananto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Vincent Sutresno Hadi Sujoto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Unconventional Geo-Resources Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ferian Anggara
- Geological Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurul Aisyiyah Jenie
- Research Centre for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan Puspiptek Building 452, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia
| | - Widi Astuti
- Research Centre for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang 35361, Indonesia
| | - Fika Rofiek Mufakhir
- Research Centre for Mineral Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang 35361, Indonesia
| | - Shinta Virdian
- Balai Besar Logam dan Mesin, Ministry of Industry, Jalan Sangkuriang No. 12, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Andhika Putera Utama
- PT. Geo Dipa Energi, Jl. Dieng RT 01 RW 01, Desa Sikunang, Kabupaten Wonosobo 53456, Indonesia
| | - Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Unconventional Geo-Resources Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Jl. Grafika No. 2, Kampus UGM, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Sanwani E, Lamandhi NB, Husni H, Chaerun SK, Astuti W, Mufakhir FR. Influence of indigenous mixotrophic bacteria on pyrite surface chemistry: Implications for bioflotation. Microbiol indones 2020. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.14.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the low-cost and eco-friendly method, biotechnology has been widely utilized in industries as an alternative for physical and chemical processes, including in the biomining process (e.g., bioflotation and biobeneficiation). However, the use of biochemical reagent, which is selective for certain minerals, has not been well studied. This research was aimed to investigate the potential use of biosurfactant-producing mixotrophic bacteria as an alternative to chemical reagents during bioflotation and biobeneficiation process. Thirteen bacterial strains were investigated for their ability to produce biosurfactants and their effects on the surface properties of pyrite minerals. Bacteria-pyrite interaction experimental results showed that pyrite surface properties became more hydrophilic in the experimental systems inoculated with bacteria adapted with pyrite for 48 h than that without bacterial adaptation to pyrite, which was evidenced by the decrease in the contact angle of pyrite minerals by up to 50%. This evidence was also confirmed by the highest emulsifying index value (51.6%) attained during the bacteria-pyrite interaction. Hence, these bacteria can potentially be applied to selective flotation as pyrite depressants.
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