1
|
Korim F, Kuricová M, Vdoviaková K, Krešáková L. Fascinating wonderful network: Rete mirabile of the maxillary artery in cats - minireview. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:11-18. [PMID: 37525064 PMCID: PMC10811120 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Cats are one of the most common companion animals, and they differ from dogs in several important ways. Considering the central importance of anatomy in high-quality medicine, the treatment of the feline mandible, mostly during intraoral procedures requiring general anaesthesia, has many important features. In cats, the major artery of the brain is the maxillary artery that forms unique structure - the rete mirabile. The rete mirabile is a plexus like vascular structure that lies extracranially and communicates with brain arterial circle through the orbital fissure. The development of the brain vasculature is different in cats, and it includes obliteration mechanisms of the internal carotid artery. The course of the maxillary artery that forms the rete mirabile has a strong relationship to the angular process of the mandible. Emphasis should be placed on manipulation with the feline mandible, especially during open-mouth procedures, as mistakes can lead to blindness, deafness, and central neurological disorders due to compression of the maxillary artery by the angular process of the mandible. This paper focuses on the anatomy and function of the blood supply to the brain, which is very specific in domestic cats and other felids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Korim
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic.
| | - Mária Kuricová
- Small Animal Clinic, University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Vdoviaková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Krešáková
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Varga M, Kresakova L, Danko J, Vdoviakova K, Humenik F, Rusnak P, Giretova M, Spakovska T, Andrejcakova Z, Kadasi M, Vrzgula M, Criepokova Z, Ivaskova S, Korim F, Medvecky L. Tetracalcium Phosphate Biocement Hardened with a Mixture of Phytic Acid-Phytase in the Healing Process of Osteochondral Defects in Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15690. [PMID: 37958674 PMCID: PMC10647259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline articular cartilage has unique physiological, biological, and biomechanical properties with very limited self-healing ability, which makes the process of cartilage regeneration extremely difficult. Therefore, research is currently focused on finding new and potentially better treatment options. The main objective of this in vivo study was to evaluate a novel biocement CX consisting of tetracalcium phosphate-monetit biocement hardened with a phytic acid-phytase mixture for the regeneration of osteochondral defects in sheep. The results were compared with tetracalcium phosphate-monetit biocement with classic fast-setting cement systems and untreated defects. After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples were evaluated using macroscopic and histologic methods as well as X-ray, CT, and MR-imaging techniques. In contrast to the formation of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue on the untreated side, treatment with biocements resulted in the formation of tissue with a dominant hyaline cartilage structure, although fine fibres were present (p < 0.001). There were no signs of pathomorphological changes or inflammation. Continuous formation of subchondral bone and hyaline cartilage layers was present even though residual biocement was observed in the trabecular bone. We consider biocement CX to be highly biocompatible and suitable for the treatment of osteochondral defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maros Varga
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Lenka Kresakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Jan Danko
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Katarina Vdoviakova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Filip Humenik
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Pavol Rusnak
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Maria Giretova
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Tatiana Spakovska
- Hospital AGEL Kosice-Saca, Lucna 57, 040 15 Kosice-Saca, Slovakia; (M.V.); (P.R.); (T.S.)
| | - Zuzana Andrejcakova
- Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Marian Kadasi
- Clinic of Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Marko Vrzgula
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Criepokova
- Clinic of Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Sonja Ivaskova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Filip Korim
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia; (J.D.); (K.V.); (F.H.); (S.I.); (F.K.)
| | - Lubomir Medvecky
- Division of Functional and Hybrid Systems, Institute of Materials Research of SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia; (M.G.); (L.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuricova M, Fuchs J, Liptak T, Korim F, Hudakova NS, Bhattarai B, Kerekes Z, Revajova V. Spinal cord haemangiosarcoma in one dog - Case report. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:412-418. [PMID: 38028208 PMCID: PMC10666659 DOI: 10.17221/60/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A 5-year-old intact female Shih Tzu was presented with acute onset of hind leg paralysis. The neurologic examination revealed severe T3-L3 myelopathy. The differential diagnoses included degenerative, anomalous, traumatic, inflammatory, vascular, metabolic, and neoplastic changes. The results of the paraclinical examinations and diagnostic imaging narrowed the list of differential diagnoses and, along with the patient's deteriorating condition, led to the owner's decision to euthanise the dog. The histologic findings of the spinal cord specimens indicated a tumour of the blood vessels formed by the proliferation of endothelial cells, which may present as either capillary or cavernous structures. In this case, the tumour was a capillary-type haemangiosarcoma. The primary site of proliferation could not be determined in this case because no mass formation was noted while performing the necropsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuricova
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jakub Fuchs
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomas Liptak
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Filip Korim
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Natalia Surin Hudakova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Bisal Bhattarai
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Ulitsa Akademika Skryabina, Moscow, Russia
| | - Zoltan Kerekes
- Zoltan Kerekes, VetScan, Veterinary Imaging Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viera Revajova
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Korim F, Kuricová M, Eberlová L. Anatomical Characteristics of Duplicated Caudal Vena Cava in Cats-A Case Report. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101585. [PMID: 37238015 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise knowledge of the species-/breed-specific anatomy is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Existing literature has also been increasing in accordance with the growing demands of biomedical research, wherein mammals, including cats, have been used worldwide. Based on a vascular corrosion cast, complete duplication of the caudal vena cava (dCVC) was accidentally found in a 10-year-old male cat. The two separate symmetric veins corresponding to two caudal venae cavae cranially directed on both sides of the aorta; their first tributaries were the duplicated right and left deep circumflex iliac veins, and the median sacral vein ended in the right common iliac vein. At the L4 vertebra level, the left caudal vena cava crossed the aorta ventrally. It united with the right CVC immediately above the renal veins at the level of the cranial mesenteric artery (L2-L3). Embryologic knowledge is essential to understand the differences between the CVC variants in domestic mammals and the inferior vena cava in humans. However, views regarding the post-hepatic segment of the CVC during development vary considerably. Therefore, our case report also includes a summary of the CVC developmental theories and their clinical impact. We believe that this case and literature review contribute to the knowledge regarding the deep abdominal veins' variability, concomitant pathologies, and accurate diagnosis and surgery. Additionally, the latest robust studies demonstrating the exclusive participation of the caudal cardinal veins in the CVC development are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Korim
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kuricová
- Small Animal Clinic, University Veterinary Hospital, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Lada Eberlová
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Pilsen, 323 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Korim F, Kuricová M, Lipták T, Vilhanová Z, Eberlová L. Anomaly of the sixth cervical vertebra accompanied with atypical course of the vertebral artery in a dog. Vet Record Case Reports 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Korim
- Equine Clinic University Veterinary Hospital University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Kuricová
- Small Animal Clinic University Veterinary Hospital University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Lipták
- Small Animal Clinic University Veterinary Hospital University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Vilhanová
- Equine Clinic University Veterinary Hospital University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Lada Eberlová
- Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen Charles University Pilsen Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|