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Geiger J, Tuura R, Callaghan FM, Burkhardt BUE, Payette K, Jakab A, Kellenberger CJ, Valsangiacomo ER. Feasibility of non-gated dynamic fetal cardiac MRI for identification of fetal cardiovascular anatomy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab090.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Purpose
We sought to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility of identifying the fetal cardiac and thoracic vascular structures with non-gated dynamic balanced steady-state free precession MRI sequences.
Methods
We retrospectively assessed the visibility of cardiovascular anatomy in 66 fetuses without suspicion of congenital heart defect (mean gestational age 27+/- 4, range 21-38 weeks). Non-gated dynamic balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences were acquired in three planes (axial, coronal and sagittal) of the fetal thorax (slice thickness 4-5mm, FOV 400, FA 60°, matrix 256x256). The images were analysed following a segmental approach in consensus reading by an experienced paediatric cardiologist and radiologist. An imaging score was defined by giving one point to each visualized structure. Basic diagnostic structures included the atria, ventricles, systemic veins, right and left ventricular outflow tracts (RVOT/LVOT), aortic arch, descending aorta (DAO), ductus arteriosus and thymus (12 points); advanced diagnostic features included the atrioventricular (AV) valves, pulmonary arteries and veins, supraaortic arteries and trachea, yielding a maximum score of 21 points. Image quality was rated from 0 (poor) to 2 (good). The influence of gestational age (GA), field strength, placenta position, and maternal panniculus on image quality and imaging score were tested.
Results
34 scans were performed at 1.5 T, 32 at 3 T. Heart position, atria and ventricles could be seen in all 66 fetuses. Basic diagnosis (>12 points) was achieved in 60 (90%) cases, with visualization of the IVC and SVC in 65 (98%) and 63 (95%), RVOT in 62 (94%), LVOT in 61 (92%), aortic arch in 60 (91%), DAO in 64 (97%), ductus arteriosus in 59 (89%) and thymus in 50 (76%) fetuses. The AV valves were recognised in 55 (83%), the pulmonary arteries in 35 (53%), at least one pulmonary vein in 46 (70%), the supraaortic arteries in 42 (64%), and the trachea in 59 (89%) fetuses. The mean imaging score was 16.8 +/- 3.7. Maternal panniculus (r -0.3; p 0.01) and gestational age (r 0.6; p < 0.001) correlated with imaging score. Field strength influenced image quality, with 1.5 T being better than 3T images (p 0.04), but not the total imaging score. Imaging score or quality were independent from placenta position.
Conclusions
Fetal heart MRI with a non-gated SSFP sequence in multiple planes enables recognition of basic cardiovascular anatomy. Advanced diagnostics may be limited by thick maternal panniculus, lower GA and higher field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Geiger
- Children"s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Tuura
- Children"s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - K Payette
- Children"s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Jakab
- Children"s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Burkhardt BEU, Geiger J, Callaghan FM, Valsangiacomo Buechel ER, Kellenberger CJ. 521Post-processing three-dimensional flow: how reliable is software from different vendors? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez124.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - J Geiger
- Children"s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hawkes TR, Langford MP, Viner R, Blain RE, Callaghan FM, Mackay EA, Hogg BV, Singh S, Dale RP. Characterization of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenases, inhibition by herbicides and engineering for herbicide tolerance in crops. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 156:9-28. [PMID: 31027586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxgenase (HPPD) enzymes from rat and from several plants contained only about a single inhibitor-binding active site per dimer which matched the content of iron in the purified Arabidopsis thaliana and Avena sativa enzymes. The dimeric HPPDs were about 10 fold more catalytically active than the tetrameric P. fluorescens enzyme with kcat/KmHPP values ranging from 0.8 to 2.5 s-1 μM-1. Most were also highly sensitive to herbicides with, for example, Ki values for mesotrione ranging from 25 to 100 pM. Curiously HPPDs from cool climate grasses were much less herbicide-sensitive. When likewise expressed in Nicotinia tabacum, Avena sativa HPPD, Ki value of 11 nM for mesotrione, conferred far greater tolerance to mesotrione (CallistoTM) than did any of the more sensitive HPPDs. Targeted mutagenesis of the Avena HPPD led to the discovery of 4 mutations imparting improved inherent tolerance, defined as the ratio of Ki to KmHPP, by about 16 fold without any loss of catalytic activity. The Nicotinia line with the highest expression of this quadruple mutant exhibited substantial resistance even up to a 3 kg/ha post-emergence application of mesotrione. The maximum observed expression level of heterologous plant HPPDs in tobacco was ca. 0.35% of the total soluble protein whereas the endogenous tobacco HPPD constituted only ca. 0.00075%. At such high expression even HPPDs with impaired catalytic activity could be effective. A quintuple mutant Avena sativa HPPD conferred substantial tolerance across a broad range of HPPD herbicide chemistries despite being only ca. 5 % as catalytically active as the wild type enzyme. Testing various wild type and mutant HPPDs in tobacco revealed that tolerance to field rates of herbicide generally requires about two order of magnitude increases in both inherent herbicide tolerance and expression relative to endogenous levels. This double hurdle may explain why target-site based resistance to HPPD-inhibiting herbicides has been slow to evolve in weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Hawkes
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Langford
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Russell Viner
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael E Blain
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M Callaghan
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine A Mackay
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Bridget V Hogg
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Shradha Singh
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Dale
- Syngenta Ltd., Jealott's Hill Research Centre, Bracknell RG426EY, United Kingdom.
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Stevens MC, Callaghan FM, Forrest P, Bannon PG, Grieve SM. Flow mixing during peripheral veno-arterial extra corporeal membrane oxygenation - A simulation study. J Biomech 2017; 55:64-70. [PMID: 28262284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an artificial circulation that supports patients with severe cardiac and respiratory failure. Differential hypoxia during ECMO support has been reported, and it has been suggested that it is due to the mixing of well-perfused retrograde ECMO flow and poorly-perfused antegrade left ventricle (LV) flow in the aorta. This study aims to quantify the relationship between ECMO support level and location of the mixing zone (MZ) of the ECMO and LV flows. Steady-state and transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using a patient-specific geometrical model of the aorta. A range of ECMO support levels (from 5% to 95% of total cardiac output) were evaluated. For ECMO support levels above 70%, the MZ was located in the aortic arch, resulting in perfusion of the arch branches with poorly perfused LV flow. The MZ location was stable over the cardiac cycle for high ECMO flows (>70%), but moved 5cm between systole and diastole for ECMO support level of 60%. This CFD approach has potential to improve individual patient care and ECMO design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Stevens
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - F M Callaghan
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - P Forrest
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - P G Bannon
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; The Baird Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - S M Grieve
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Translational Imaging Laboratory, Heart Research Institute, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Department of Radiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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McDonald CJ, Callaghan FM, Weissman A, Goodwin RM, Mundkur M, Kuhn T. Use of internist's free time by ambulatory care Electronic Medical Record systems. JAMA Intern Med 2014; 174:1860-3. [PMID: 25200944 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clement J McDonald
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fiona M Callaghan
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Rebecca M Goodwin
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mallika Mundkur
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Abhyankar S, Demner-Fushman D, Callaghan FM, McDonald CJ. Combining structured and unstructured data to identify a cohort of ICU patients who received dialysis. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2014; 21:801-7. [PMID: 24384230 DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a generalizable method for identifying patient cohorts from electronic health record (EHR) data-in this case, patients having dialysis-that uses simple information retrieval (IR) tools. METHODS We used the coded data and clinical notes from the 24,506 adult patients in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care database to identify patients who had dialysis. We used SQL queries to search the procedure, diagnosis, and coded nursing observations tables based on ICD-9 and local codes. We used a domain-specific search engine to find clinical notes containing terms related to dialysis. We manually validated the available records for a 10% random sample of patients who potentially had dialysis and a random sample of 200 patients who were not identified as having dialysis based on any of the sources. RESULTS We identified 1844 patients that potentially had dialysis: 1481 from the three coded sources and 1624 from the clinical notes. Precision for identifying dialysis patients based on available data was estimated to be 78.4% (95% CI 71.9% to 84.2%) and recall was 100% (95% CI 86% to 100%). CONCLUSIONS Combining structured EHR data with information from clinical notes using simple queries increases the utility of both types of data for cohort identification. Patients identified by more than one source are more likely to meet the inclusion criteria; however, including patients found in any of the sources increases recall. This method is attractive because it is available to researchers with access to EHR data and off-the-shelf IR tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Abhyankar
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dina Demner-Fushman
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fiona M Callaghan
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Clement J McDonald
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kayaalp M, Browne AC, Callaghan FM, Dodd ZA, Divita G, Ozturk S, McDonald CJ. The pattern of name tokens in narrative clinical text and a comparison of five systems for redacting them. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2013; 21:423-31. [PMID: 24026308 PMCID: PMC3994850 DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the factors that influence success in scrubbing personal names from narrative text. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a scrubber, the NLM Name Scrubber (NLM-NS), to redact personal names from narrative clinical reports, hand tagged words in a set of gold standard narrative reports as personal names or not, and measured the scrubbing success of NLM-NS and that of four other scrubbing/name recognition tools (MIST, MITdeid, LingPipe, and ANNIE/GATE) against the gold standard reports. We ran three comparisons which used increasingly larger name lists. RESULTS The test reports contained more than 1 million words, of which 2388 were patient and 20,160 were provider name tokens. NLM-NS failed to scrub only 2 of the 2388 instances of patient name tokens. Its sensitivity was 0.999 on both patient and provider name tokens and missed fewer instances of patient name tokens in all comparisons with other scrubbers. MIST produced the best all token specificity and F-measure for name instances in our most relevant study (study 2), with values of 0.997 and 0.938, respectively. In that same comparison, NLM-NS was second best, with values of 0.986 and 0.748, respectively, and MITdeid was a close third, with values of 0.985 and 0.796 respectively. With the addition of the Clinical Center name list to their native name lists, Ling Pipe, MITdeid, MIST, and ANNIE/GATE all improved substantially. MITdeid and Ling Pipe gained the most--reaching patient name sensitivity of 0.995 (F-measure=0.705) and 0.989 (F-measure=0.386), respectively. DISCUSSION The privacy risk due to two name tokens missed by NLM-NS was statistically negligible, since neither individual could be distinguished among more than 150,000 people listed in the US Social Security Registry. CONCLUSIONS The nature and size of name lists have substantial influences on scrubbing success. The use of very large name lists with frequency statistics accounts for much of NLM-NS scrubbing success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kayaalp
- National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Marcelo A, Gavino A, Isip-Tan IT, Apostol-Nicodemus L, Mesa-Gaerlan FJ, Firaza PN, Faustorilla JF, Callaghan FM, Fontelo P. A comparison of the accuracy of clinical decisions based on full-text articles and on journal abstracts alone: a study among residents in a tertiary care hospital. Evid Based Med 2013; 18:48-53. [PMID: 22782923 PMCID: PMC3607116 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2012-100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many clinicians depend solely on journal abstracts to guide clinical decisions. OBJECTIVES This study aims to determine if there are differences in the accuracy of responses to simulated cases between resident physicians provided with an abstract only and those with full-text articles. It also attempts to describe their information-seeking behaviour. METHODS Seventy-seven resident physicians from four specialty departments of a tertiary care hospital completed a paper-based questionnaire with clinical simulation cases, then randomly assigned to two intervention groups-access to abstracts-only and access to both abstracts and full-text. While having access to medical literature, they completed an online version of the same questionnaire. FINDINGS The average improvement across departments was not significantly different between the abstracts-only group and the full-text group (p=0.44), but when accounting for an interaction between intervention and department, the effect was significant (p=0.049) with improvement greater with full-text in the surgery department. Overall, the accuracy of responses was greater after the provision of either abstracts-only or full-text (p<0.0001). Although some residents indicated that 'accumulated knowledge' was sufficient to respond to the patient management questions, in most instances (83% of cases) they still sought medical literature. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support studies that doctors will use evidence when convenient and current evidence improved clinical decisions. The accuracy of decisions improved after the provision of evidence. Clinical decisions guided by full-text articles were more accurate than those guided by abstracts alone, but the results seem to be driven by a significant difference in one department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Marcelo
- National Telehealth Center, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Surgery, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Alex Gavino
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul Nimrod Firaza
- National Telehealth Center, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Fiona M Callaghan
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Fontelo
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Abhyankar S, Leishear K, Callaghan FM, Demner-Fushman D, McDonald CJ. Lower short- and long-term mortality associated with overweight and obesity in a large cohort study of adult intensive care unit patients. Crit Care 2012; 16:R235. [PMID: 23249446 PMCID: PMC3672624 DOI: 10.1186/cc11903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Two thirds of United States adults are overweight or obese, which puts them at higher risk of developing chronic diseases and of death compared with normal-weight individuals. However, recent studies have found that overweight and obesity by themselves may be protective in some contexts, such as hospitalization in an intensive care unit (ICU). Our objective was to determine the relation between body mass index (BMI) and mortality at 30 days and 1 year after ICU admission. METHODS We performed a cohort analysis of 16,812 adult patients from MIMIC-II, a large database of ICU patients at a tertiary care hospital in Boston, Massachusetts. The data were originally collected during the course of clinical care, and we subsequently extracted our dataset independent of the study outcome. RESULTS Compared with normal-weight patients, obese patients had 26% and 43% lower mortality risk at 30 days and 1 year after ICU admission, respectively (odds ratio (OR), 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64 to 0.86) and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.67)); overweight patients had nearly 20% and 30% lower mortality risk (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.93) and OR, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.79)). Severely obese patients (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) did not have a significant survival advantage at 30 days (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.20), but did have 30% lower mortality risk at 1 year (OR, 0.70 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.90)). No significant difference in admission acuity or ICU and hospital length of stay was found across BMI categories. CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that patients who are overweight or obese have improved survival both 30 days and 1 year after ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Abhyankar
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38A/7N707, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Kira Leishear
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38A/7N707, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Fiona M Callaghan
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38A/7N707, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Dina Demner-Fushman
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38A/7N707, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Clement J McDonald
- Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications, National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Building 38A/7N707, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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