1
|
Abrahamsson V, Jumaah F, Turner C. Continuous multicomponent quantification during supercritical fluid extraction applied to microalgae using in-line UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and on-line evaporative light scattering detection. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
2
|
Jumaah F, Jędrkiewicz R, Gromadzka J, Namieśnik J, Essén S, Turner C, Sandahl M. Rapid and Green Separation of Mono- and Diesters of Monochloropropanediols by Ultrahigh Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Neat Carbon Dioxide as a Mobile Phase. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:8220-8228. [PMID: 28847148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effect of column selectivity and density of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) on the separation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters, known as food toxicants, using SC-CO2 without addition of cosolvent in ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS). This study shows that over 20 2-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPD) and 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) mono- and diesters are separated on a 2-picolylamine column in less than 12 min. The presence and position of a hydroxyl group in the structure, the number of unsaturated bonds, and the acyl chain length play a significant role in the separation of MCPD esters. The flow rate, backpressure, and column oven temperature, which affect the density of the mobile phase, were shown to have a substantial impact on retention, efficiency, and selectivity. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of MCPD esters in refined oils and showed a close to excellent green analysis score using the Analytical Eco-Scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Jumaah
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Renata Jędrkiewicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology , 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Gromadzka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology , 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Namieśnik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology , 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sofia Essén
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis (CAS), Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jumaah F, Plaza M, Abrahamsson V, Turner C, Sandahl M. A fast and sensitive method for the separation of carotenoids using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5883-5894. [PMID: 27349917 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS) method has been developed and partially validated for the separation of carotenoids within less than 6 min. Six columns of orthogonal selectivity were examined, and the best separation was obtained by using a 1-aminoanthracene (1-AA) column. The length of polyene chain as well as the number of hydroxyl groups in the structure of the studied carotenoids determines their differences in the physiochemical properties and thus the separation that is achieved on this column. All of the investigated carotenoids were baseline separated with resolution values greater than 1.5. The effects of gradient program, back pressure, and column temperature were studied with respect to chromatographic properties such as retention and selectivity. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) were compared in both positive and negative mode, using both direct infusion and hyphenated with UHPSFC. The ESI in positive mode provided the highest response. The coefficient of determination (R (2)) for all calibration curves were greater than 0.998. Limit of detection (LOD) was in the range of 2.6 and 25.2 ng/mL for α-carotene and astaxanthin, respectively, whereas limit of quantification (LOQ) was in the range of 7.8 and 58.0 ng/mL for α-carotene and astaxanthin, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision of the developed UHPSFC-MS method were determined and found to be RSD < 3 % and RSD < 6 %, respectively. The method was applied in order to determine carotenoids in supercritical fluid extracts of microalgae and rosehip. Graphical Abstract Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-a rapid separation method for the analysis of carotenoids in rosehip and microalgae samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Jumaah
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Victor Abrahamsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jumaah F, Larsson S, Essén S, Cunico LP, Holm C, Turner C, Sandahl M. A rapid method for the separation of vitamin D and its metabolites by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1440:191-200. [PMID: 26931428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) method has been developed for the separation of nine vitamin D metabolites within less than eight minutes. This is the first study of analysis of vitamin D and its metabolites carried out by SFC-MS. Six columns of orthogonal selectivity were examined, and the best separation was obtained by using a 1-aminoanthracene (1-AA) column. The number and the position of hydroxyl groups in the structure of the studied compounds as well as the number of unsaturated bonds determine the physiochemical properties and, thus the separation of vitamin D metabolites that is achieved on this column. All D2 and the D3 forms were baseline separated with resolution values>1.5. The effects of pressure, temperature, flow rate and different gradient modes were studied. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) were compared in positive mode, both by direct infusion and after SFC separation. The results showed that the sensitivity in APCI(+) was higher than in ESI(+) using direct infusion. In contrast, the sensitivity in APCI(+) was 6-fold lower than in ESI(+) after SFC separation. The SFC-MS method was validated between 10 and 500ng/mL for all analytes with coefficient of determination (R(2))≥0.999 for all calibration curves. The limits of detection (LOD) were found to range between 0.39 and 5.98ng/mL for 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3) and 1-hydroxyvitamin D2 (1OHD2), respectively. To show its potential, the method was applied to human plasma samples from healthy individuals. Vitamin D3 (D3), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 24,25(OH)2D3 were determined in plasma samples and the concentrations were 6.6±3.0ng/mL, 23.8±9.2ng/mL and 5.4±2.7ng/mL, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Jumaah
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Larsson
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, BMC C11, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofia Essén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Larissa P Cunico
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Lund University, BMC C11, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jumaah F, Sandahl M, Turner C. Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Chromatography of Lipids in Bilberry. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015; 92:1103-1111. [PMID: 26246621 PMCID: PMC4522036 DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method has been developed for the extraction of lipids in bilberry. Experimental design was used to optimize pressure, temperature and extraction time using CO2 as solvent. Best SFE condition for total lipids was 450 bar, 60 °C and 45 min. The SFE method was compared to conventional Bligh & Dyer (B&D) extraction. The amount of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was found to be 4.84 ± 0.06 mg and 4.564 ± 0.003 mg per g of the freeze-dried bilberry sample for the developed SFE and B&D methods, respectively, while the amount of total lipids was found to be 54.40 ± 6.06 mg and 65.70 ± 0.67 mg per g of sample for SFE and B&D, respectively. This discrepancy between FAME and total lipids could be explained by the presence of wax esters, sterol esters, carotenoids and phospholipids, as determined by supercritical fluid chromatography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Jumaah
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Sandahl
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|