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Akramova F, Shakarbaev U, Paluaniyazova D, Akbarov A, Khalikov S, Safarov A, Azimov D, Ben Said M. Assessing the effectiveness of fenbendazole supramolecular complexes against schistosomiasis, monieziosis and parabronemosis in sheep. Exp Parasitol 2024; 258:108714. [PMID: 38367946 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Helminth infections pose a significant economic threat to livestock production, causing productivity declines and, in severe cases, mortality. Conventional anthelmintics, exemplified by fenbendazole, face challenges related to low solubility and the necessity for high doses. This study explores the potential of supramolecular complexes, created through mechanochemical modifications, to address these limitations. The study focuses on two key anthelmintics, praziquantel (PZQ) and fenbendazole (FBZ), employing mechanochemical techniques to enhance their solubility and efficacy. Solid dispersions (SD) of PZQ with polymers and dioctyl sulfosuccine sodium (DSS) and fenbendazole with licorice extract (ES) and DSS were prepared. The helminthicidal activity of these complexes was assessed through helminthological dissections of sheep infected with Schistosoma turkestanicum, moniesiasis, and parabronemosis. In the assessment of supramolecular complex of FBZ (SMCF) at doses ranging from 1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg for the active substance (AS), optimal efficacy was observed with the fenbendazole formulation containing arabinogalactan and polyvinylpyrrolidone at a 3.0 mg/kg dosage. At this concentration, the formulation demonstrated a remarkable 100% efficacy in treating spontaneous monieziosis in sheep, caused by Moniezia expansa (Rudolphi, 1810) and M. benedenii (Moniez, 1879). Furthermore, the SMCF, administered at doses of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/kg, exhibited efficacy rates of 42.8%, 85.7%, and 100%, respectively, against the causative agent of parabronemosis (Parabronema skrjabini Rassowska, 1924). Mechanochemical modifications, yielding supramolecular complexes of PZQ and FBZ, present a breakthrough in anthelmintic development. These complexes address solubility issues and significantly reduce required doses, offering a practical solution for combating helminth infections in livestock. The study underscores the potential of supramolecular formulations for revolutionizing helminthiasis management, thereby enhancing the overall health and productivity of livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firuza Akramova
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ulugbek Shakarbaev
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Abror Akbarov
- Committee for Veterinary and Livestock Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Salavat Khalikov
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisher Safarov
- Committee for Veterinary and Livestock Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Djalaliddin Azimov
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia; Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia.
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Safarov A, Ionică AM, Akramova F, Shakarbaev U, Briciu VT, Ieremia A, Berdibaev A, Azimov D. A case of recurrent human Dirofilaria repens infection in Uzbekistan. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e30. [PMID: 36949661 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Dirofilaria repens is a zoonotic mosquito-borne filarioid that parasitizes in the subcutaneous tissues of carnivores, that has been incriminated in the great majority of human dirofilariasis cases reported throughout the Old World. From the Republic of Uzbekistan, recent data showed that this parasite is endemic in domestic and wild carnivores. In contrast, information regarding human infection is scarce and mostly outdated, with a single case report being published during the last decades. The present paper reports a case of recurrent autochthonous infection with D. repens in a patient living in the rural area of the Sirdaryo Region of Uzbekistan and having no international travel history. The first diagnosis was in 2019, when the patient presented with what was suspected to be a tumour of the left breast. Three years later, in 2022, she presented for a consultation after experiencing redness, occasional swelling and persistent itching in the umbilical region of the abdomen. The ultrasound indicated the presence of a living, motile nematode. Following anthelmintic therapy, the parasite was surgically removed and identified as a female D. repens. The present report highlights the possibility of human re-infection with D. repens and further underlines the necessity of raising public awareness and implementing of solid control strategies in carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Safarov
- State Committee of Veterinary and Livestock Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 21 A Kichik khalka youli Street, 100123 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - A M Ionică
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 23 Iuliu Moldovan Street, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - F Akramova
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 232 Bogishamol Street, 100053 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - U Shakarbaev
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 232 Bogishamol Street, 100053 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - V T Briciu
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 23 Iuliu Moldovan Street, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 'Iuliu Hațieganu' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Ieremia
- Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases of Cluj-Napoca, 23 Iuliu Moldovan Street, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A Berdibaev
- Nukus State Pedagogical Institute named after Ajiniyaz Republic of Karakalpakstan, P. Seytov Street, City of Nukus 230105, Uzbekistan
| | - D Azimov
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 232 Bogishamol Street, 100053 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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Arepbaev I, Akramova F, Shakarbaev U, Yorkulov Z, Mirzayeva A, Saidova S, Esonboyev J, Safarova F, Saparov K, Jumanov M, Azimov D. Ecological and faunal characteristics of helminths of wetland birds in North-Western Uzbekistan. Biosys divers 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/012237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The article studies some faunistic features of helminths of wetland birds in the ecological crisis zone in North-Western Uzbekistan. Parasites of wetland birds collected in the basin of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya during the hunting seasons of 2018–2022 were used as material for this work. 500 individuals of birds representing 39 species from 24 genera, 13 families and 9 orders were examined using the parasitological dissection method. The article discusses the distribution and ecology of the helminths in the studied groups of birds. A total of 112 helminth species were identified in the region – 28 species belong to the class Cestoda, the class Trematoda is represented by 57 species, Nematoda – 23 and Acanthocephala – 4 species. 92 species of heminths were identified in the study area for the first time. The work provides original data on the structure of the helminth fauna from 9 orders of wetland birds. Various paths of helminth transmission in the circulation of infection were specified. The researchers identified four ways parasites use to enter their definitive host: helminths penetrate the host’s body when the latter eats other organisms, intermediate or reservoir hosts of helminths, which are part of the definitive’s host’s diet; helminths enter the host as mechanical impurity to food or water; they make active efforts to penetrate their host; helminths are transmitted by the intermediate host when the latter forages on the definitive host. Most of intermediate hosts for representatives of the class Cestoda were crustaceans – inhabitants of different types of water bodies; Oligochaeta are also included here as second or reservoir hosts. The development of trematodes occurs with the participation of aquatic molluscs acting as the first intermediate host. Various species of insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles and small mammals were identified as the second hosts. Nematoda use a wider range of intermediate hosts (Oligochaeta, crustaceans, insects – aquatic and terrestrial). Fish and amphibians were registered as the second and reservoir hosts of nematodes. The food chains of individual orders of wetland birds largely determine the composition of helminths parasitising them and are the main factor in the formation of their helminth fauna. These processes undoubtedly occur in time and space under the strict control of environmental factors.
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Akramova F, Shakarbaev U, Yorkulov Z, Arepbaev I, Mirzaeva A, Azimov D. Life cycle of Bilharziella polonica (Trematoda, Schistosomatidae) parasite of semi-aquatic birds in Uzbekistan. Biosys divers 2022. [DOI: 10.15421/012213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomatidae are an actively studied ecological group of trematodes. Their ability to cause various parasitic diseases in animals and humans makes them an interesting object of study for a number of research centres worldwide. One of the commonest species in this group is Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewsky, 1895), whose mature stages have been recorded in aquatic and semi-aquatic birds in Uzbekistan. Our research team established that the following birds were infected with mature trematodes B. polonica: Anas platyrhynchos (23%), A. crecca (18%), Podiceps ruficollis (11%), Ardea cinerea (14%) and one individual of Oxyura leucocephala. The highest infection rate was shown by the mallard A. platyrhynchos (23%) and common teal A. crecca (18%). The infection intensity ranged between 2 and 27 individuals. Research into various types of water bodies in Karakalpakstan identified 10 mollusc species – Lymnaeidae (4 species), Planorbidae (4 species) and Physidae (2 species). Cercariae morphologically similar to larvae of B. polonica were found in two species, Planorbis planorbis and P. tangitarensis. 6 chicks of domestic ducks were experimentally infected with those cercariae to track the life cycle of B. polonica in the organism of a definitive host. Helmintholological dissections showed that every duck was infected with B. polonica, which became mature 23–27 days after the infection. Eggs of B. polonica were recorded in the excrement of one of the birds 33–35 days after the infection. Based on field and experimental research, we identify the mollusc P. tangitarensis as a new intermediate host for B. polonica in Uzbekistan.
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Safarov A, Akramova F, Azimov D, Mihalca AD, Ionică AM. Updates on the distribution and host spectrum of Dirofilaria repens in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3987-3992. [PMID: 34677665 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the zoonotic mosquito-borne nematodes, Dirofilaria repens and Dirofilaria immitis (Spirurida, Onchocercidae) are highly significant from a public health perspective. While D. immitis is also of major veterinary concern, D. repens is regarded as less pathogenic for carnivores, but is the main causative agent of human dirofilariosis throughout the Old World. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, recent data refer exclusively to D. immitis infection in domestic and wild carnivores, while the current prevalence and distribution of D. repens remain unknown. Between 2015 and 2021, a total of 559 domestic and wild carnivore carcasses were collected and examined by necropsy. All subcutaneous nematodes were collected and identified morphologically. The overall prevalence of D. repens infection was of 11.03% in domestic dogs, Canis familiaris, and 9.29% in wildlife hosts: golden jackals, Canis aureus (11.76%), wolves, Canis lupus (9.09%), red foxes, Vulpes vulpes (9.23%), and jungle cats, Felis chaus (7.14%). Additionally, a human case of subcutaneous D. repens infection was also documented. The present study represents the first recent assessment of the occurrence of the zoonotic filarioid D. repens in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It indicates a wide distribution in domestic dogs and four species of wildlife hosts throughout the country, raising awareness on the public health risks associated with this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisher Safarov
- State Committee of Veterinary and Livestock Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
| | - Firuza Akramova
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Djalaliddin Azimov
- Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Andrei D Mihalca
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Angela M Ionică
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Akramova F, Shakarbaev U, Azimov D. Melanoides kainarensis — new intermediate host of trematodes Philophthalmus lucipetus (Trematoda, Philophthalmidae). Russian Journal of Parasitology 2017. [DOI: 10.12737/20061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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