1
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Falanga AP, Massaro M, Borbone N, Notarbartolo M, Piccialli G, Liotta LF, Sanchez-Espejo R, Viseras Iborra C, Raymo FM, Oliviero G, Riela S. Carrier capability of halloysite nanotubes for the intracellular delivery of antisense PNA targeting mRNA of neuroglobin gene. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 663:9-20. [PMID: 38387188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic that shows good stability against nucleases and proteases, forming strongly recognized complementary strands of DNA and RNA. However, due to its feeble ability to cross the cellular membrane, PNA activity and its targeting gene action is limited. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are a natural and low-cost aluminosilicate clay. Because of their peculiar ability to cross cellular membrane, HNTs represent a valuable candidate for delivering genetic materials into cells. Herein, two differently charged 12-mer PNAs capable of recognizing as molecular target a 12-mer DNA molecule mimicking a purine-rich tract of neuroglobin were synthetized and loaded onto HNTs by electrostatic attraction interactions. After characterization, the kinetic release was also assessed in media mimicking physiological conditions. Resonance light scattering measurements assessed their ability to bind complementary single-stranded DNA. Furthermore, their intracellular delivery was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy on living MCF-7 cells incubated with fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC)-PNA and HNTs labeled with a probe. The nanomaterials were found to cross cellular membrane and cell nuclei efficiently. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the HNTs/PNA can reduce the level of neuroglobin gene expression, as shown by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Falanga
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina Massaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Borbone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Monica Notarbartolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennaro Piccialli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Leonarda F Liotta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)-CNR, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Rita Sanchez-Espejo
- University of Granada, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cesar Viseras Iborra
- University of Granada, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 18071 Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-UGR, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables 33146-0431, FL, United States
| | - Giorgia Oliviero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Serena Riela
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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2
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Abstract
Photoactivatable fluorophores provide the opportunity to switch fluorescence on exclusively in a selected area within a sample of interest at a precise interval of time. Such a level of spatiotemporal fluorescence control enables the implementation of imaging schemes to monitor dynamic events in real time and visualize structural features with nanometer resolution. These transformative imaging methods are contributing fundamental insights on diverse cellular processes with profound implications in biology and medicine. Current photoactivatable fluorophores, however, become emissive only after the activation event, preventing the acquisition of fluorescence images and, hence, the visualization of the sample prior to activation. We developed a family of photoactivatable fluorophores capable of interconverting between emissive states with spectrally resolved fluorescence, instead of switching from a nonemissive state to an emissive one. We demonstrated that our compounds allow the real-time monitoring of molecules diffusing across the cellular blastoderm of developing embryos as well as of polymer beads translocating along the intestinal tract of live nematodes. Additionally, they also permit the tracking of single molecules in the lysosomal compartments of live cells and the visualization of these organelles with nanometer resolution. Indeed, our photoactivatable fluorophores may evolve into invaluable analytical tools for the investigation of the fundamental factors regulating the functions and structures of cells at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Program of Polymer and Color Chemistry, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Andrea Tomassini
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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3
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Brenner B, Sun C, Raymo FM, Zhang HF. Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy: applications and prospective. Nano Converg 2023; 10:14. [PMID: 36943541 PMCID: PMC10030755 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) breaks the optical diffraction limit by numerically localizing sparse fluorescence emitters to achieve super-resolution imaging. Spectroscopic SMLM or sSMLM further allows simultaneous spectroscopy and super-resolution imaging of fluorescence molecules. Hence, sSMLM can extract spectral features with single-molecule sensitivity, higher precision, and higher multiplexity than traditional multicolor microscopy modalities. These new capabilities enabled advanced multiplexed and functional cellular imaging applications. While sSMLM suffers from reduced spatial precision compared to conventional SMLM due to splitting photons to form spatial and spectral images, several methods have been reported to mitigate these weaknesses through innovative optical design and image processing techniques. This review summarizes the recent progress in sSMLM, its applications, and our perspective on future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Brenner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Hao F Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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4
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Tomassini A, Singh AK, Raymo FM. Photoactivatable BODIPYs for Live-Cell PALM. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062447. [PMID: 36985424 PMCID: PMC10057988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) relies on fluorescence photoactivation and single-molecule localization to overcome optical diffraction and reconstruct images of biological samples with spatial resolution at the nanoscale. The implementation of this subdiffraction imaging method, however, requires fluorescent probes with photochemical and photophysical properties specifically engineered to enable the localization of single photoactivated molecules with nanometer precision. The synthetic versatility and outstanding photophysical properties of the borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore are ideally suited to satisfy these stringent requirements. Specifically, synthetic manipulations of the BODIPY scaffold can be invoked to install photolabile functional groups and photoactivate fluorescence under photochemical control. Additionally, targeting ligands can be incorporated in the resulting photoactivatable fluorophores (PAFs) to label selected subcellular components in live cells. Indeed, photoactivatable BODIPYs have already allowed the sub-diffraction imaging of diverse cellular substructures in live cells using PALM and can evolve into invaluable analytical probes for bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Program of Polymer and Color Chemistry, Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.R.)
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Andrea Tomassini
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (F.M.R.)
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5
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Notarbartolo M, Massaro M, de Melo Barbosa R, Emili C, Liotta LF, Poma P, Raymo FM, Sànchez-Espejo R, Vago R, Viseras-Iborra C, Riela S. Exploring the cellular uptake of hectorite clay mineral and its drug carrier capabilities. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Massaro M, Licandro E, Cauteruccio S, Lazzara G, Liotta LF, Notarbartolo M, Raymo FM, Sánchez-Espejo R, Viseras-Iborra C, Riela S. Nanocarrier based on halloysite and fluorescent probe for intracellular delivery of peptide nucleic acids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 620:221-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.03.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Abstract
A water-soluble thermochromic molecular switch with spectrally resolved fluorescence in its two interconvertible states can be assembled in three synthetic steps by integrating a fluorescent coumarin chromophore, a hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) chain, and a switchable oxazole heterocycle in the same covalent skeleton. Measurements of its two emissions in separate detection channels of a fluorescence microscope permit the noninvasive and ratiometric sensing of temperature at the micrometer level with millisecond response in aqueous solutions and within hydrogel matrices. The ratiometric optical output of this fluorescent molecular switch overcomes the limitations of single-wavelength fluorescent probes and enables noninvasive temperature mapping at length scales that are not accessible to conventional thermometers based on physical contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Yasniel Meana
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Mercedes M A Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - James D Baker
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Peter J Minnett
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149-1031, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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8
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Benedini S, Zheng Y, Nitti A, Mazza MMA, Dondi D, Raymo FM, Pasini D. Large polarization of push–pull “Cruciforms” via coordination with lanthanide ions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04358g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
“Bent” or “cruciform” shaped conjugated push–pull compounds exhibit striking differences in their supramolecular recognition of lanthanide cations, with in an outstanding supramolecular polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Benedini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mercedes M. A. Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Daniele Dondi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 10 – 27100 Pavia, Italy
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9
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Meana Y, Raymo FM. Frontispiece: BODIPYs with Photoactivatable Fluorescence. Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202184461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Department of Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Yasniel Meana
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Department of Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Department of Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
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10
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Abstract
The borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore is a versatile platform for the construction of photoresponsive dyes with unique properties. Specifically, its covalent connection to a photocleavable group can be exploited to engineer compounds with photoswitchable fluorescence. The resulting photoactivatable fluorophores can increase their emission intensity or shift their emission wavelengths in response to switching. Such changes permit the spatiotemporal control of fluorescence with optical stimulations and the implementation of imaging strategies that would be impossible to replicate with conventional fluorophores. Indeed, BODIPYs with photoactivatable fluorescence enable the selective highlighting of intracellular targets, the nanoscaled visualization of sub-cellular components, the real-time monitoring of dynamic events and the photochemical writing of optical barcodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Yeting Zheng
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Yasniel Meana
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
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11
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Abstract
Photochemical reactions can be designed to convert either irreversibly or reversibly a nonemissive reactant into an emissive product. The irreversible disconnection of a photocleavable group from an emissive chromophore or the reversible interconversion of a photochromic component is generally exploited to implement these operating principles for fluorescence switching. In both instances, the interplay of activating radiation, to convert the nonemissive state into the emissive species, and exciting radiation, to produce fluorescence from the latter, can be exploited to switch fluorescence on in a given area of interest at a precise interval of time. Such a level of spatiotemporal control provides the opportunity to reconstruct sub-diffraction images with resolution at the nanometer level. Indeed, closely-spaced emitters can be switched on under photochemical control at distinct intervals of time and localized independently at the single-molecule level. In combination with appropriate intracellular targeting strategies, some of these photoactivatable fluorophores can be switched and localized inside live cells to permit the visualization of sub-cellular structures with a spatial resolution that would be impossible to achieve with conventional fluorophores. As a result, photoactivatable fluorophores can become invaluable probes for the implementation of super-resolution imaging schemes aimed at the elucidation of the fundamental factors controlling cellular functions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States of America
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12
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Thapaliya ER, Mazza MMA, Cusido J, Baker JD, Raymo FM. Cover Feature: A Synthetic Strategy for the Structural Modification of Photoactivatable BODIPY‐Oxazine Dyads (ChemPhotoChem 5/2020). CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
| | - Mercedes M. A. Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
- Department of Math and Natural SciencesMiami Dade College – Eduardo J. Padron Campus Miami USA
| | - James D. Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and ChemistryUniversity of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
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13
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Wang W, van Niekerk EA, Zhang Y, Du L, Ji X, Wang S, Baker JD, Groeniger K, Raymo FM, Mattoussi H. Compact, “Clickable” Quantum Dots Photoligated with Multifunctional Zwitterionic Polymers for Immunofluorescence and In Vivo Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1497-1509. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Erna A. van Niekerk
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Liang Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - James D. Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Kimberly Groeniger
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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14
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Abstract
Optical diffraction fundamentally limits the spatial resolution of conventional fluorescence images to length scales that are, at least, 2 orders of magnitude longer than the dimensions of individual molecules. As a result, the development of innovative probes and imaging schemes to overcome diffraction is very much needed to enable the investigation of the fundamental factors regulating cellular functions at the molecular level. In this context, the chemical synthesis of molecular constructs with photoactivatable fluorescence and the ability to label subcellular components of live cells can have transformative implications. Indeed, the fluorescence of the resulting assemblies can be activated with spatiotemporal control, even in the intracellular environment, to permit the sequential localization of individual emissive labels with precision at the nanometer level and the gradual reconstruction of images with subdiffraction resolution. The implementation of these operating principles for subdiffraction imaging, however, is only possible if demanding photochemical and photophysical requirements to enable photoactivation and localization as well as stringent structural requisites to allow the covalent labeling of intracellular targets in live cells are satisfied. Because of these complications, only a few synthetic photoactivatable fluorophores with appropriate performance for live-cell imaging at the nanoscale have been developed so far. Significant synthetic efforts in conjunction with spectroscopic analyses are still very much needed to advance this promising research area further and turn photoactivatable fluorophores into the imaging probes of choice for the investigation of live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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15
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Thapaliya ER, Mazza MMA, Cusido J, Baker JD, Raymo FM. A Synthetic Strategy for the Structural Modification of Photoactivatable BODIPY‐Oxazine Dyads. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
| | - Mercedes M. A. Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
- Department of Math and Natural Sciences Miami Dade College – Eduardo J. Padron Campus Miami USA
| | - James D. Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics Departments of Biology and Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
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16
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Sansalone L, Zhang Y, Mazza MMA, Davis JL, Song KH, Captain B, Zhang HF, Raymo FM. High-Throughput Single-Molecule Spectroscopy Resolves the Conformational Isomers of BODIPY Chromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6807-6812. [PMID: 31622551 PMCID: PMC7427264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore is connected to a benzoxazole, benzothiazole, or nitrobenzothiazole heterocycle through an olefinic bridge with trans configuration. Rotation about the two [C-C] bonds flanking the olefinic bridge occurs with fast kinetics in solution, leading to the equilibration of four conformational isomers for each compound. Ensemble spectroscopic measurements in solutions fail to distinguish the coexisting isomers. They reveal instead averaged absorption and emission bands with dependence of the latter on the excitation wavelength. Using high-throughput single-molecule spectroscopy, two main populations of single molecules with distinct spectral centroids are observed for each compound on glass substrates. Computational analyses suggest the two populations of molecules to be conformational isomers with antiperiplanar and periplanar arrangements of the BODIPY chromophores about its [C-C] bond to the olefinic bridge. Thus, statistical analysis of multiple single-molecule emission spectra can discriminate stereoisomers that would otherwise be impossible to distinguish by ensemble measurements alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sansalone
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
- Corresponding Authors ,
| | - Mercedes M. A. Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Janel L. Davis
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
- Corresponding Authors ,
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17
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Naren G, Hsu CW, Li S, Morimoto M, Tang S, Hernando J, Guirado G, Irie M, Raymo FM, Sundén H, Andréasson J. An all-photonic full color RGB system based on molecular photoswitches. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3996. [PMID: 31488822 PMCID: PMC6728369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11885-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
On-command changes in the emission color of functional materials is a sought-after property in many contexts. Of particular interest are systems using light as the external trigger to induce the color changes. Here we report on a tri-component cocktail consisting of a fluorescent donor molecule and two photochromic acceptor molecules encapsulated in polymer micelles and we show that the color of the emitted fluorescence can be continuously changed from blue-to-green and from blue-to-red upon selective light-induced isomerization of the photochromic acceptors to the fluorescent forms. Interestingly, isomerization of both acceptors to different degrees allows for the generation of all emission colors within the red-green-blue (RGB) color system. The function relies on orthogonally controlled FRET reactions between the blue emitting donor and the green and red emitting acceptors, respectively. Stimuli-responsive multicolor luminescent materials typically react on external triggers of physical nature, but photonically controlled systems which allow for remote operation were not realized. Here the authors use light as the stimulus of a responsive luminescent material which eliminates the need for physical access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaowa Naren
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Chien-Wei Hsu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shiming Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
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18
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Mazza MMA, Cardano F, Cusido J, Baker JD, Giordani S, Raymo FM. Ratiometric temperature sensing with fluorescent thermochromic switches. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1112-1115. [PMID: 30624447 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The connection of fluorescent chromophores to switchable heterocycles translates into molecular probes with ratiometric response to temperature. The opening and closing of their heterocyclic component equilibrates two emissive species with resolved fluorescence. Their relative emission intensities change monotonically with temperature to enable the visualization of thermal distributions at the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes M A Mazza
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
| | - Francesca Cardano
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA. and Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy and Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA. and Department of Natural and Social Sciences, Miami Dade College - InterAmerican Campus, Miami, USA
| | - James D Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Turin, Italy and Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Torino, Italy and School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
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19
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Zhang Y, Song KH, Tang S, Ravelo L, Cusido J, Sun C, Zhang HF, Raymo FM. Far-Red Photoactivatable BODIPYs for the Super-Resolution Imaging of Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:12741-12745. [PMID: 30247890 PMCID: PMC9884153 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced disconnection of an oxazine heterocycle from a borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore activates bright far-red fluorescence. The high brightness of the product and the lack of autofluorescence in this spectral region allow its detection at the single-molecule level within the organelles of live cells. Indeed, these photoactivatable fluorophores localize in lysosomal compartments and remain covalently immobilized within these organelles. The suppression of diffusion allows the reiterative reconstruction of subdiffraction images and the visualization of the labeled organelles with excellent localization precision. Thus, the combination of photochemical, photophysical and structural properties designed into our fluorophores enable the visualization of live cells with a spatial resolution that is inaccessible to conventional fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431,,Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Ki-Hee Song
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Laura Ravelo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431
| | - Janet Cusido
- Department of Natural and Social Sciences, Miami Dade College – InterAmerican Campus, 627 S.W. 27th Avenue, Miami, FL 33135-2937
| | - Cheng Sun
- Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201
| | - Hao F. Zhang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60201,Corresponding Author,
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146-0431,,Corresponding Author,
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20
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Sansalone L, Tang S, Garcia-Amorós J, Zhang Y, Nonell S, Baker JD, Captain B, Raymo FM. A Photoactivatable Far-Red/Near-Infrared BODIPY To Monitor Cellular Dynamics in Vivo. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1347-1353. [PMID: 29863337 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A mechanism to photoactivate far-red/near-infrared fluorescence with infinite contrast and under mild visible illumination was designed around the photophysical properties of borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes and the photochemical behavior of oxazine heterocycles. Specifically, the photoinduced and irreversible cleavage of an oxazine ring with a laser line at 405 nm extends the electronic conjugation of a BODIPY chromophore over a 3 H-indole auxochrome with a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl substituent in position 5. This structural transformation shifts bathochromically the main absorption band of the BODIPY component to allow the selective excitation of the photochemical product with a laser line of 633 nm and produce fluorescence between 600 and 850 nm. This combination of activation, excitation, and emission wavelengths permits the visualization of the cellular blastoderm of developing Drosophila melanogaster embryos with optimal contrast and essentially no autofluorescence from the biological specimen. Furthermore, the sequential acquisition of images, after the photoactivation event, enables the tracking of individual cells within the embryos in real time. Thus, our structural design and operating principles for the photoactivation of far-red/near-infrared fluorescence can evolve into invaluable probes to monitor cellular dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sansalone
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Grup de Materials Orgànics, Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, E-08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - James D. Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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21
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Abstract
A photochemical strategy to encode fluorescence signals in vivo with spatial control was designed around the unique properties of a photoactivatable borondipyrromethene (BODIPY). The photoinduced disconnection of two oxazines, flanking a single BODIPY, in two consecutive steps produces a mixture of three emissive molecules with resolved fluorescence inside polymer beads. The relative amounts and emission intensities of the three fluorophores can be regulated precisely in each bead by adjusting the dose of activating photons to mark individual particles with distinct codes of fluorescence signals. The visible wavelengths and mild illumination sufficient to induce these transformations permit the photochemical barcoding of beads also in living nematodes. Different regions of the same animal can be labeled with distinct barcodes to allow the monitoring of their dynamics for long times with no toxic effects. Thus, our photochemical strategy for the generation of fluorescence barcodes can produce multiple and distinguishable labels in the same biological sample to enable the spatiotemporal tracking of, otherwise indistinguishable, targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Ravelo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Cheyenne L. Anderson
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Kevin M. Collins
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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22
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Abstract
Activatable fluorophores allow the spatiotemporal control of fluorescence required to acquire subdiffraction images, highlight cancer cells and monitor dynamic events
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Lorenzo Sansalone
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
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23
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Thapaliya ER, Zhang Y, Dhakal P, Brown AS, Wilson JN, Collins KM, Raymo FM. Bioimaging with Macromolecular Probes Incorporating Multiple BODIPY Fluorophores. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1519-1528. [PMID: 28430413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Seven macromolecular constructs incorporating multiple borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) fluorophores along a common poly(methacrylate) backbone with decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains were synthesized. The hydrophilic oligo(ethylene glycol) components impose solubility in aqueous environment on the overall assembly. The hydrophobic decyl chains effectively insulate the fluorophores from each other to prevent detrimental interchromophoric interactions and preserve their photophysical properties. As a result, the brightness of these multicomponent assemblies is approximately three times greater than that of a model BODIPY monomer. Such a high brightness level is maintained even after injection of the macromolecular probes in living nematodes, allowing their visualization with a significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, relative to the model monomer, and no cytotoxic or behavioral effects. The covalent scaffold of these macromolecular constructs also permits their subsequent conjugation to secondary antibodies. The covalent attachment of polymer and biomolecule does not hinder the targeting ability of the latter and the resulting bioconjugates can be exploited to stain the tubulin structure of model cells to enable their visualization with optimal signal-to-noise ratios. These results demonstrate that this particular structural design for the incorporation of multiple chromophores within the same covalent construct is a viable one to preserve the photophysical properties of the emissive species and enable the assembly of bioimaging probes with enhanced brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Pravat Dhakal
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Adrienne S Brown
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - James N Wilson
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Kevin M Collins
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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24
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Pietropaolo A, Tang S, Raymo FM. Free-energy predictions and absorption spectra calculations for supramolecular nanocarriers and their photoactive cargo. Nanoscale 2017; 9:4989-4994. [PMID: 28383081 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00839b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We reconstructed the free-energy landscape for supramolecular nanoparticles of amphiphilic methacrylated-based co-polymers. Their self-assembly in aqueous solution and encapsulation of borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives were enforced through atomistic free-energy simulations. The BODIPY binding modes detected in each of the free-energy basins were validated through a comparison of theoretical absorption spectra, calculated at the TD-DFT level, to their experimental counterparts. The nanoparticle distribution is controlled within a thermodynamic regime, with free-energy barriers approaching 8 kcal mol-1, enabling the existence of different-sized nanoparticles in aqueous solution at room temperature. Two types of supramolecular morphologies were identified. One is compact and spherical in shape and the other is large and donut-like, with the former more stable than the latter by 4 kcal mol-1. The morphology of the supramolecular host affects the binding mode of the BODIPY guests. Stacked BODIPY aggregates are encapsulated in the spherical nanocarriers, whereas isolated chromophores associate with the donut-shaped assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pietropaolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università di Catanzaro, Viale Europa 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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25
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Abstract
Halochromic coumarin-oxazine prefluorophores and targeting folate ligands can be connected covalently to the side chains of amphiphilic polymers. The resulting macromolecular constructs assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous environments. The prefluorophores do not produce any detectable fluorescence at neutral pH, but are converted into fluorophores with intense visible emission at acidic pH. Protonation opens the oxazine heterocycle to shift bathochromically the coumarin absorption and activate fluorescence with a brightness per nanoparticle approaching 5 × 105 M-1 cm-1. This value translates into a 170-fold enhancement relative to the isolated fluorophores dissolved in organic solvent. The folate ligands direct these multicomponent constructs into acidic intracellular compartments of folate-positive cells, where the prefluorophores switch to the corresponding fluorophores and produce fluorescence. The pH-induced activation of the signaling units ensures negligible background fluorescence from the extracellular matrix, which instead limits considerably the contrast accessible with model systems incorporating conventional nonactivatable fluorophores. Furthermore, no intracellular fluorescence can be detected when the very same measurements are performed with folate-negative cells. Nonetheless, control experiments demonstrate that the covalent connection of the prefluorophores to the polymer backbone of the amphiphilic constructs is essential to ensure selectivity. Model systems with prefluorophores noncovalently encapsulated cannot discriminate folate-positive from -negative cells. Thus, our structural design for the covalent integration of activatable signaling units and targeting ligands within the same nanostructured assembly together with the photophysical properties engineered into the emissive components offer the opportunity to highlight cancer cells selectively with high brightness and optimal contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Adrienne S. Brown
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - James N. Wilson
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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Thapaliya ER, Garcia-Amorós J, Nonell S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Structural implications on the excitation dynamics of fluorescent 3H-indolium cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11904-11913. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01841j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conformational changes in the excited state control the excitation dynamics of fluorescent 3H-indolium cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Grup de Materials Orgànics
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB)
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica (Secció de Química Orgànica)
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Barcelona
| | - Santi Nonell
- Grup d'Enginyeria Molecular
- Institut Químic de Sarrià
- Universitat Ramón Llull
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
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27
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Li K, Zhang Y, Qiao B, Tao F, Li T, Ding Y, Raymo FM, Cui Y. Facile fabrication of AIE/AIEE-active fluorescent nanoparticles based on barbituric for cell imaging applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03956e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds 1–4 were synthesized, and the optical properties and mechanisms were investigated. Compound 4 was applied to the cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan 250353
- P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Bing Qiao
- Department of Physics
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Furong Tao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan 250353
- P.R. China
| | - Tianduo Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan 250353
- P.R. China
| | - Yunqiao Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan 250353
- P.R. China
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan 250353
- P.R. China
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28
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Sansalone L, Tang S, Zhang Y, Thapaliya ER, Raymo FM, Garcia-Amorós J. Semiconductor Quantum Dots with Photoresponsive Ligands. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:73. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Zhang Y, Tang S, Sansalone L, Baker JD, Raymo FM. A Photoswitchable Fluorophore for the Real-Time Monitoring of Dynamic Events in Living Organisms. Chemistry 2016; 22:15027-15034. [PMID: 27571689 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the synthesis of a photoactivatable fluorophore with optimal photochemical and photophysical properties for the real-time tracking of motion in vivo. The photoactivation mechanism designed into this particular compound permits the conversion of an emissive reactant into an emissive product with resolved fluorescence, under mild illumination conditions that are impossible to replicate with conventional switching schemes based on bleaching. Indeed, the supramolecular delivery of these photoswitchable probes into the cellular blastoderm of Drosophila melanogaster embryos allows the real-time visualization of translocating molecules with no detrimental effects on the developing organisms. Thus, this innovative mechanism for fluorescence photoactivation can evolve into a general chemical tool to monitor dynamic processes in living biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Lorenzo Sansalone
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - James D Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146-0431, USA.
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30
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Tang S, Donaphon B, Levitus M, Raymo FM. Structural Implications on the Properties of Self-Assembling Supramolecular Hosts for Fluorescent Guests. Langmuir 2016; 32:8676-8687. [PMID: 27490893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nine amphiphilic macromolecules with decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains, randomly distributed along a common poly(methacrylate) backbone, were synthesized from the radical copolymerization of appropriate methacrylate monomers. The resulting amphiphilic constructs differ in (1) the ratio between their hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, (2) the length of their oligo(ethylene glycol) chains, and/or (3) the molecular weight. When the ratio between hydrophobic and hydrophilic segments is comprised between 6:1 and 1:2, the macromolecules assemble spontaneously into particles with nanoscaled dimensions in neutral buffer and capture hydrophobic borondipyrromethene chromophores in their interior. However, the critical concentration required for the assembly of these supramolecular hosts as well as their hydrodynamic diameter, supramolecular weight, and number of constituent macromolecular building blocks all vary monotonically with the ratio between hydrophobic and hydrophilic components. Specifically, the critical concentration decreases and the other three parameters increase as the relative hydrophobic content raises. Furthermore, an increase in the relative hydrophobic content also discourages interchromophoric interactions between entrapped guests in both ground and excited states as well as delays access of potential quenchers. In fact, these observations demonstrate that the hydrophobic components must be in excess over their hydrophilic counterparts for optimal supramolecular hosts to assemble. Indeed, a ratio of 6:1 between the numbers of decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains appears to be ideal for this particular structural design. Under these conditions, supramolecular hosts assemble spontaneously even at relatively low polymer concentrations and their fluorescent guests do not escape into the bulk aqueous solution, despite the reversibility of the noncovalent interactions holding the supramolecular container together. Thus, these systematic investigations provide invaluable structural guidelines to design self-assembling supramolecular hosts with optimal composition for the effective encapsulation of fluorescent guests and can lead to ideal delivery vehicles for the transport of imaging probes to target locations in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Bryan Donaphon
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5601, United States
| | - Marcia Levitus
- School of Molecular Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287-5601, United States
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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31
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Swaminathan S, Garcia-Amorós J, Thapaliya ER, Nonell S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Back Cover: Tuning the Activation Wavelength of Photochromic Oxazines (ChemPhysChem 12/2016). Chemphyschem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
- Grup de Materials Orgànics; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Santi Nonell
- Grup O'Enginyeria Molecular; Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramón Llull; Via Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
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32
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Bälter M, Li S, Morimoto M, Tang S, Hernando J, Guirado G, Irie M, Raymo FM, Andréasson J. Emission color tuning and white-light generation based on photochromic control of energy transfer reactions in polymer micelles. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5867-5871. [PMID: 30034727 PMCID: PMC6022221 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc01623e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We encapsulate a fluorescent donor molecule and a photochromic acceptor unit (photoswitch) in polymer micelles and show that the color of the emitted fluorescence is continuously changed from blue to yellow upon light-induced isomerization of the acceptor. Interestingly, white-light generation is achieved in between. With the photoswitch in the colorless form, intense blue emission from the donor is observed, while UV-induced isomerization to the colored form induces an energy transfer reaction that quenches the donor emission and sensitizes the yellow emission from the colored photoswitch. The process is reversed by exposure to visible light, triggering isomerization to the colorless form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bälter
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg , Sweden .
| | - Shiming Li
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg , Sweden .
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules , Rikkyu University , Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku , Tokyo 171-8501 , Japan
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics , Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive , Coral Gables , Florida 33146-0431 , USA
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Departament de Química , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guirado
- Departament de Química , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
| | - Masahiro Irie
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart Molecules , Rikkyu University , Nishi-Ikebukuro 3-34-1, Toshima-ku , Tokyo 171-8501 , Japan
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics , Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive , Coral Gables , Florida 33146-0431 , USA
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry , Chalmers University of Technology , 41296 Göteborg , Sweden .
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33
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Impellizzeri S, Simoncelli S, Hodgson GK, Lanterna AE, McTiernan CD, Raymo FM, Aramendia PF, Scaiano JC. Two-Photon Excitation of a Plasmonic Nanoswitch Monitored by Single-Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy. Chemistry 2016; 22:7281-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Sabrina Simoncelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION) CONICET; Godoy Cruz 2390; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; FCEN, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gregory K. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Anabel E. Lanterna
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Christopher D. McTiernan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics; Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146-0431 USA
| | - Pedro F. Aramendia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION) CONICET; Godoy Cruz 2390; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física; FCEN, UBA, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Juan. C. Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; University of Ottawa; 10 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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34
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Beaujean P, Bondu F, Plaquet A, Garcia-Amorós J, Cusido J, Raymo FM, Castet F, Rodriguez V, Champagne B. Oxazines: A New Class of Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Switches. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:5052-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Beaujean
- University of Namur, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique,
Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Flavie Bondu
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
(ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Plaquet
- University of Namur, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique,
Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory
for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory
for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory
for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Frédéric Castet
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
(ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Rodriguez
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires
(ISM), UMR 5255 CNRS, Cours de la Libération 351, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Champagne
- University of Namur, Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique,
Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale, rue de Bruxelles, 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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35
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Swaminathan S, Garcia-Amorós J, Thapaliya ER, Nonell S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Tuning the Activation Wavelength of Photochromic Oxazines. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1852-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
- Grup de Materials Orgànics; Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Departament de Química Orgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franqués 1 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Santi Nonell
- Grup O'Enginyeria Molecular; Institut Químic de Sarrià; Universitat Ramón Llull; Via Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry; University of Miami; 1301 Memorial Drive Florida 33146-0431 USA
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36
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Mohan Raj A, Raymo FM, Ramamurthy V. Reversible Disassembly–Assembly of Octa Acid–Guest Capsule in Water Triggered by a Photochromic Process. Org Lett 2016; 18:1566-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mohan Raj
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Cables 33124, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Cables 33124, United States
| | - V. Ramamurthy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Cables 33124, United States
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37
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Abstract
Self-assembling nanocarriers of amphiphilic polymers encapsulate hydrophobic fluorophores in their hydrophobic interior and, upon injection in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, release their cargo into the cellular blastoderm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - James D. Baker
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
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38
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Ragab SS, Thapaliya ER, Zhang Y, Tang S, McMahan JB, Syed S, Captain B, Raymo FM. Synthesis in living cells with the assistance of supramolecular nanocarriers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra04335f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular nanocarriers transport complementary reactants inside living cells in consecutive internalization steps to allow their reaction exclusively in the intracellular space with the formation of a fluorescent product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Shaban Ragab
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | | | - Sheyum Syed
- Department of Physics
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
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39
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Garcia-Amorós J, Tang S, Zhang Y, Thapaliya ER, Raymo FM. Self-Assembling Nanoparticles of Amphiphilic Polymers for In Vitro and In Vivo FRET Imaging. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 370:29-59. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22942-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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40
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Thapaliya ER, Fowley C, Callan B, Tang S, Zhang Y, Callan JF, Raymo FM. Energy-Transfer Schemes To Probe Fluorescent Nanocarriers and Their Emissive Cargo. Langmuir 2015; 31:9557-9565. [PMID: 26275045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A strategy to probe supramolecular nanocarriers and their cargo in the intracellular space was developed on the basis of fluorescence measurements and energy transfer. It relies on the covalent attachment of an energy donor, or acceptor, to the macromolecular backbone of amphiphilic polymers and the noncovalent encapsulation of a complementary acceptor, or donor, in the resulting micelles. In aqueous environments, these macromolecules self-assemble into nanostructured constructs and bring the complementary chromophores in close proximity to enable efficient energy transfer. These supramolecular assemblies travel from the extracellular to the intracellular space and retain their integrity in the process. Indeed, donors and acceptors remain close to each other after internalization, and excitation of the former chromophores translates into significant intracellular emission from the latter. Furthermore, these supramolecular assemblies exchange their components with fast kinetics in aqueous dispersions because of the reversible character of the noncovalent contacts holding them together. As a result, micelles incorporating exclusively the donors and nanocarriers containing only the acceptors scramble their chromophoric building blocks, upon mixing, to allow the transfer of energy. These dynamic processes can be reproduced in the intracellular environment with the sequential incubation of cells with the two sets of complementary nanostructured assemblies. Thus, these operating principles and choice of supramolecular synthons are particularly valuable to monitor self-assembling nanocarriers and their cargo inside living cells and can facilitate the elucidation of the behavior of these promising delivery vehicles in a diversity of biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Colin Fowley
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Bridgeen Callan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sicheng Tang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - John F Callan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster , Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami , 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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41
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Swaminathan S, Fowley C, Thapaliya ER, McCaughan B, Tang S, Fraix A, Captain B, Sortino S, Callan JF, Raymo FM. Supramolecular nanoreactors for intracellular singlet-oxygen sensitization. Nanoscale 2015; 7:14071-14079. [PMID: 26238536 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic polymer with multiple decyl and oligo(ethylene glycol) chains attached to a common poly(methacrylate) backbone assembles into nanoscaled particles in aqueous environments. Hydrophobic anthracene and borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophores can be co-encapsulated within the self-assembling nanoparticles and transported across hydrophilic media. The reversible character of the noncovalent bonds, holding the supramolecular containers together, permits the exchange of their components with fast kinetics in aqueous solution. Incubation of cervical cancer (HeLA) cells with a mixture of two sets of nanoparticles, pre-loaded independently with anthracene or BODIPY chromophores, results in guest scrambling first and then transport of co-entrapped species to the intracellular space. Alternatively, incubation of cells with the two sets of nanocarriers in consecutive steps permits the sequential transport of the anthracene and BODIPY chromophores across the plasma membrane and only then allows their co-encapsulation within the same supramolecular containers. Both mechanisms position the two sets of chromophores with complementary spectral overlap in close proximity to enable the efficient transfer of energy intracellularly from the anthracene donors to the BODIPY acceptors. In the presence of iodine substituents on the BODIPY platform, intersystem crossing follows energy transfer. The resulting triplet state can transfer energy further to molecular oxygen with the concomitant production of singlet oxygen to induce cell mortality. Furthermore, the donor can be excited with two near-infrared photons simultaneously to permit the photoinduced generation of singlet oxygen intracellularly under illumination conditions compatible with applications in vivo. Thus, these supramolecular strategies to control the excitation dynamics of multichromophoric assemblies in the intracellular environment can evolve into valuable protocols for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA.
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Abstract
The fluorescence of a carbazole chromophore can be activated irreversibly under optical control with the photoinduced opening of an oxazine ring. In proximity to silver nanoparticles, the quantum efficiency of this photochemical transformation and that of the emissive process increase significantly. The plasmonic effects responsible for such enhancements, together with the photochemical and photophysical properties engineered into this particular photoactivatable fluorophore, permit the optical writing and reading of microscaled patterns at low illumination intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA.
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43
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Zhang Y, Swaminathan S, Tang S, Garcia-Amorós J, Boulina M, Captain B, Baker JD, Raymo FM. Photoactivatable BODIPYs Designed To Monitor the Dynamics of Supramolecular Nanocarriers. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4709-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5125308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcia Boulina
- Analytical
Imaging Core Facility, Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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44
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Abstract
The photoinduced deprotection of a nucleophilic species converts a nonemissive NBD chromophore into an emissive product and allows fluorescence activation under optical control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Shaban Ragab
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Jaume Garcia-Amorós
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Miami
- Coral Gables
- USA
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45
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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47
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Garcia-Amorós J, Swaminathan S, Sortino S, Raymo FM. Plasmonic Activation of a Fluorescent Carbazole-Oxazine Switch. Chemistry 2014; 20:10276-84. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Swaminathan S, Fowley C, McCaughan B, Cusido J, Callan JF, Raymo FM. Intracellular Guest Exchange between Dynamic Supramolecular Hosts. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7907-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500285p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramani Swaminathan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Colin Fowley
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Bridgeen McCaughan
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - John F. Callan
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, BT52 1SA Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, Department
of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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49
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Lu Y, Lu J, Zhao J, Cusido J, Raymo FM, Yuan J, Yang S, Leif RC, Huo Y, Piper JA, Paul Robinson J, Goldys EM, Jin D. On-the-fly decoding luminescence lifetimes in the microsecond region for lanthanide-encoded suspension arrays. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3741. [PMID: 24796249 PMCID: PMC4024748 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant multiplexing capacity of optical time-domain coding has been recently demonstrated by tuning luminescence lifetimes of the upconversion nanoparticles called 'τ-Dots'. It provides a large dynamic range of lifetimes from microseconds to milliseconds, which allows creating large libraries of nanotags/microcarriers. However, a robust approach is required to rapidly and accurately measure the luminescence lifetimes from the relatively slow-decaying signals. Here we show a fast algorithm suitable for the microsecond region with precision closely approaching the theoretical limit and compatible with the rapid scanning cytometry technique. We exploit this approach to further extend optical time-domain multiplexing to the downconversion luminescence, using luminescence microspheres wherein lifetimes are tuned through luminescence resonance energy transfer. We demonstrate real-time discrimination of these microspheres in the rapid scanning cytometry, and apply them to the multiplexed probing of pathogen DNA strands. Our results indicate that tunable luminescence lifetimes have considerable potential in high-throughput analytical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Lu
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jie Lu
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jiangbo Zhao
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Janet Cusido
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Françisco M Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, USA
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sean Yang
- Newport Instruments, 3345 Hopi Place, San Diego, California 92117-3516, USA
| | - Robert C. Leif
- Newport Instruments, 3345 Hopi Place, San Diego, California 92117-3516, USA
| | - Yujing Huo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - James A. Piper
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - J Paul Robinson
- Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Advanced Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Purdue University Cytometry Laboratories, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek Raj Thapaliya
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Burjor Captain
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
| | - Françisco M. Raymo
- Laboratory for Molecular
Photonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial
Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146-0431, United States
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