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Busquet F, Laperrouze J, Jankovic K, Krsmanovic T, Ignasiak T, Leoni B, Apic G, Asole G, Guigó R, Marangio P, Palumbo E, Perez-Lluch S, Wucher V, Vlot AH, Anholt R, Mackay T, Escher BI, Grasse N, Huchthausen J, Massei R, Reemtsma T, Scholz S, Schüürmann G, Bondesson M, Cherbas P, Freedman JH, Glaholt S, Holsopple J, Jacobson SC, Kaufman T, Popodi E, Shaw JJ, Smoot S, Tennessen JM, Churchill G, von Clausbruch CC, Dickmeis T, Hayot G, Pace G, Peravali R, Weiss C, Cistjakova N, Liu X, Slaitas A, Brown JB, Ayerbe R, Cabellos J, Cerro-Gálvez E, Diez-Ortiz M, González V, Martínez R, Vives PS, Barnett R, Lawson T, Lee RG, Sostare E, Viant M, Grafström R, Hongisto V, Kohonen P, Patyra K, Bhaskar PK, Garmendia-Cedillos M, Farooq I, Oliver B, Pohida T, Salem G, Jacobson D, Andrews E, Barnard M, Čavoški A, Chaturvedi A, Colbourne JK, Epps DJT, Holden L, Jones MR, Li X, Müller F, Ormanin-Lewandowska A, Orsini L, Roberts R, Weber RJM, Zhou J, Chung ME, Sanchez JCG, Diwan GD, Singh G, Strähle U, Russell RB, Batista D, Sansone SA, Rocca-Serra P, Du Pasquier D, Lemkine G, Robin-Duchesne B, Tindall A. The Precision Toxicology Initiative. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00180-7. [PMID: 37211341 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The goal of PrecisionTox is to overcome conceptual barriers to replacing traditional mammalian chemical safety testing by accelerating the discovery of evolutionarily conserved toxicity pathways that are shared by descent among humans and more distantly related animals. An international consortium is systematically testing the toxicological effects of a diverse set of chemicals on a suite of five model species comprising fruit flies, nematodes, water fleas, and embryos of clawed frogs and zebrafish along with human cell lines. Multiple forms of omics and comparative toxicology data are integrated to map the evolutionary origins of biomolecular interactions, which are predictive of adverse health effects, to major branches of the animal phylogeny. These conserved elements of adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) and their biomarkers are expect to provide mechanistic insight useful for regulating groups of chemicals based on their shared modes of action. PrecisionTox also aims to quantify risk variation within populations by recognizing susceptibility as a heritable trait that varies with genetic diversity. This initiative incorporates legal experts and collaborates with risk managers to address specific needs within European chemicals legislation, including the uptake of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for setting precise regulatory limits on toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nico Grasse
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, DE
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Vinggaard A, Lamoree M, Escher B, Antignac JP, Scholze M, Jensen T, Herzler M, Audebert M, Hamers T, Kortenkamp A, Busquet F, Piumatti M, Dervilly G, Valente M, Cariou R, Moteau S, Oelgeschläger M, Renko K, Schmeisser S, Maier D, Laursen L. P15-08 PANORAMIX: Providing risk assessments of complex real-life mixtures for the protection of Europe’s citizens and the environment. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vinken M, Benfenati E, Busquet F, Castell J, Clevert DA, de Kok TM, Dirven H, Fritsche E, Geris L, Gozalbes R, Hartung T, Jennen D, Jover R, Kandarova H, Kramer N, Krul C, Luechtefeld T, Masereeuw R, Roggen E, Schaller S, Vanhaecke T, Yang C, Piersma AH. Safer chemicals using less animals: kick-off of the European ONTOX project. Toxicology 2021; 458:152846. [PMID: 34216698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 3Rs concept, calling for replacement, reduction and refinement of animal experimentation, is receiving increasing attention around the world, and has found its way to legislation, in particular in the European Union. This is aligned by continuing high-level efforts of the European Commission to support development and implementation of 3Rs methods. In this respect, the European project called "ONTOX: ontology-driven and artificial intelligence-based repeated dose toxicity testing of chemicals for next generation risk assessment" was recently initiated with the goal to provide a functional and sustainable solution for advancing human risk assessment of chemicals without the use of animals in line with the principles of 21st century toxicity testing and next generation risk assessment. ONTOX will deliver a generic strategy to create new approach methodologies (NAMs) in order to predict systemic repeated dose toxicity effects that, upon combination with tailored exposure assessment, will enable human risk assessment. For proof-of-concept purposes, focus is put on NAMs addressing adversities in the liver, kidneys and developing brain induced by a variety of chemicals. The NAMs each consist of a computational system based on artificial intelligence and are fed by biological, toxicological, chemical and kinetic data. Data are consecutively integrated in physiological maps, quantitative adverse outcome pathway networks and ontology frameworks. Supported by artificial intelligence, data gaps are identified and are filled by targeted in vitro and in silico testing. ONTOX is anticipated to have a deep and long-lasting impact at many levels, in particular by consolidating Europe's world-leading position regarding the development, exploitation, regulation and application of animal-free methods for human risk assessment of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Vinken
- Research Group of In VitroToxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | | | - José Castell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia-Spain, and Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe of Valencia, CIBERehd, Spain
| | | | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert Dirven
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Fritsche
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany, and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, GIGA In Silico Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR SL, European Center of Innovative Companies, Technological Park of Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Danyel Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Ramiro Jover
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Valencia-Spain, and Experimental Hepatology Unit, IIS Hospital La Fe of Valencia, CIBERehd, Spain
| | - Helena Kandarova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Nynke Kramer
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cyrille Krul
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hogeschool Utrecht University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin Roggen
- 3Rs Management and Consulting ApS, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Research Group of In VitroToxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Aldert H Piersma
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Centre for Health Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Scholz S, Renner P, Belanger SE, Busquet F, Davi R, Demeneix BA, Denny JS, Léonard M, McMaster ME, Villeneuve DL, Embry MR. Alternatives to in vivo tests to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in fish and amphibians--screening for estrogen, androgen and thyroid hormone disruption. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012. [PMID: 23190036 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.737762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disruption is considered a highly relevant hazard for environmental risk assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, biocides and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, screening tests with a focus on interference with estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways in fish and amphibians have been developed. However, they use a large number of animals and short-term alternatives to animal tests would be advantageous. Therefore, the status of alternative assays for endocrine disruption in fish and frogs was assessed by a detailed literature analysis. The aim was to (i) determine the strengths and limitations of alternative assays and (ii) present conclusions regarding chemical specificity, sensitivity, and correlation with in vivo data. Data from 1995 to present were collected related to the detection/testing of estrogen-, androgen-, and thyroid-active chemicals in the following test systems: cell lines, primary cells, fish/frog embryos, yeast and cell-free systems. The review shows that the majority of alternative assays measure effects directly mediated by receptor binding or resulting from interference with hormone synthesis. Other mechanisms were rarely analysed. A database was established and used for a quantitative and comparative analysis. For example, a high correlation was observed between cell-free ligand binding and cell-based reporter cell assays, between fish and frog estrogenic data and between fish embryo tests and in vivo reproductive effects. It was concluded that there is a need for a more systematic study of the predictive capacity of alternative tests and ways to reduce inter- and intra-assay variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scholz
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
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