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Villagómez-Estrada S, Pérez JF, Melo-Durán D, Gonzalez-Solè F, D'Angelo M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Solà-Oriol D. Short Communication: Body weight of newborn and suckling piglets affects their intestinal gene expression. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6577224. [PMID: 35511683 PMCID: PMC9175296 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern hyperprolific sows must deal with large litters (16–20 piglets) which reduce piglet birthweight with a concomitant increase in the proportion of small and intrauterine growth retarded piglets. However, larger litters do not only have a greater variation of piglet weights, but also a greater variation in colostrum and milk consumption within the litter. To further understand the impact that body weight has on piglets, the present study aimed to evaluate the degree of physiological weakness of the smallest piglets at birth and during the suckling period (20 d) compared to their middle-weight littermates through their jejunal gene expression. At birth, light piglets showed a downregulation of genes related to immune response (FAXDC2, HSPB1, PPARGC1α), antioxidant enzymes (SOD2m), digestive enzymes (ANPEP, IDO1, SI), and nutrient transporter (SLC39A4) (P < 0.05) but also a tendency for a higher mRNA expression of GBP1 (inflammatory regulator) and HSD11β1 (stress hormone) genes compared to their heavier littermates (P < 0.10). Excluding HSD11β1 gene, all these intestinal gene expression differences initially observed at birth between light and middle-weight piglets were stabilized at the end of the suckling period, when others appeared. Genes involved in barrier function (CLDN1), pro-inflammatory response (CXCL2, IL6, IDO1), and stress hormone signaling (HSD11β1) over-expressed compared to their middle-weight littermates (P < 0.05). In conclusion, at birth and at the end of suckling period, light body weight piglets seem to have a compromised gene expression and therefore impaired nutrient absorption, immune and stress responses compared to their heavier littermates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villagómez-Estrada
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.,Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba 060155, Ecuador
| | - José F Pérez
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Diego Melo-Durán
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain.,Faculty of Medical Sciences "Eugenio Espejo", UTE University, Quito 17012764, Ecuador
| | - Francesc Gonzalez-Solè
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Matilde D'Angelo
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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Villagómez-Estrada S, Pérez JF, van Kuijk S, Melo-Durán D, Forouzandeh A, Gonzalez-Solè F, D'Angelo M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Solà-Oriol D. Strategies of inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in gestating hyperprolific sow diets: effects on the offspring performance and fetal programming. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6290087. [PMID: 34057466 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of trace mineral nutrition on sow performance, mineral content, and intestinal gene expression of neonate piglets when inorganic mineral sources (ITM) were partially replaced by their organic mineral (OTM) counterparts. At 35 d postmating, under commercial conditions, a total of 240 hyperprolific multiparous sows were allocated into three experimental diets: 1) ITM: with Zn, Cu, and Mn at 80, 15, and 60 mg/kg, respectively; 2) partial replacement trace mineral source (Replace): with a 30 % replacement of ITM by OTM, resulting in ITM + OTM supplementation of Zn (56 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (10.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (42 + 18 mg/kg); and 3) Reduce and replace mineral source (R&R): reducing a 50% of the ITM source of Zn (40 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (7.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (30 + 18 mg/kg). At farrowing, 40 piglets were selected, based on birth weight (light: <800 g, and average: >1,200 g), for sampling. Since the present study aimed to reflect results under commercial conditions, it was difficult to get an equal parity number between the experimental diets. Overall, no differences between experimental diets on sow reproductive performance were observed. Light piglets had a lower mineral content (P < 0.05) and a downregulation of several genes (P < 0.10) involved in physiological functions compared with their average littermates. Neonate piglets born from Replace sows had an upregulation of genes involved in functions like immunity and gut barrier, compared with those born from ITM sows (P < 0.10), particularly in light piglets. In conclusion, the partial replacement of ITM by their OTM counterparts represents an alternative to the totally inorganic supplementation with improvements on neonate piglet gene expression, particularly in the smallest piglets of the litter. The lower trace mineral storage together with the greater downregulation of gut health genes exposed the immaturity and vulnerability of small piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Villagómez-Estrada
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - José F Pérez
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Sandra van Kuijk
- Trouw Nutrition, Research and Development Department, Amersfoort 3800, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Melo-Durán
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Asal Forouzandeh
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Francesc Gonzalez-Solè
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Matilde D'Angelo
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08007, Spain
| | - David Solà-Oriol
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNIBA), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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