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Giovannetti F, Sacchetti M, Marenco M, Alisi L, Visioli G, Bruscolini A, Lambiase A. New disposable esthesiometer (KeraSenseⓇ) to improve diagnosis and management of neurotrophic keratitis. Ocul Surf 2024; 32:192-197. [PMID: 38521443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate the use, repeatability, and reproducibility of a new, cost-effective, disposable, sterile device (KeraSenseⓇ, Dompè farmaceutici SpA, Milan Italy) compared to Cochet-Bonnet (CB) esthesiometer. Secondly, to identify a simple, safe, rapid, and low-cost test to diagnose neurotrophic keratitis (NK). METHODS 16 patients with diagnosis of NK stage I, 25 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and 26 healthy subjects were included in the study. Corneal sensitivity (CS) was assessed by CB and KeraSenseⓇ. Repeatability, accuracy, and reproducibility of the novel disposable aesthesiometer were assessed. Specificity, sensitivity, and cut-off value for NK diagnosis were calculated by ROC curve analysis. RESULTS All NK patients showed a CS ≤ 40 mm, while none of the healthy patients showed a CS value < 50 mm. Significant agreement was found between CB measurements and the single use esthesiometer evaluations of CS (p < 0.001). Repeatability evaluations of the single use esthesiometer showed 100% agreement between different measurements (p < 0.001). Reproducibility evaluations showed 99.6% concordance between different operators (p < 0.001). A 55 mm value of the single use esthesiometer was adequate to exclude an NK diagnosis, while all NK patients showed a value ≤ 35 mm. CONCLUSIONS Corneal hypo/anaesthesia is considered the hallmark of NK. The use of the novel single-use esthesiometer will allow for a diagnostic improvement in NK, sparing time and guaranteeing patients' safety. Diabetic patients despite normal corneal findings may show impairment of CS, suggesting a preclinical stage of NK, requiring a close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giovannetti
- Rare, Degenerative, and Inflammatory Ocular Diseases Unit, Department of Sense Organs, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marta Sacchetti
- Rare, Degenerative, and Inflammatory Ocular Diseases Unit, Department of Sense Organs, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marenco
- Rare, Degenerative, and Inflammatory Ocular Diseases Unit, Department of Sense Organs, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Rare, Degenerative, and Inflammatory Ocular Diseases Unit, Department of Sense Organs, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Visioli
- Rare, Degenerative, and Inflammatory Ocular Diseases Unit, Department of Sense Organs, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Bruscolini
- Rare, Degenerative, and Inflammatory Ocular Diseases Unit, Department of Sense Organs, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Rare, Degenerative, and Inflammatory Ocular Diseases Unit, Department of Sense Organs, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Quinzi V, De Luca C, Giovannetti F, Splendiani A, Cocciadiferro D, Capolino R, Brancati F, Marzo G. First and second branchial arch involvement in mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida type. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2023; 24:334-336. [PMID: 38015115 DOI: 10.23804/ejpd.2023.24.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mandibulofacial dysostosis Guion-Almeida Type (MFDGA; OMIM#610536) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the EFTUD2 gene. Mandibulofacial dysostoses are characterised by the core triad malar hypoplasia, maxillary hypoplasia and dysplastic ears, all derived by the impaired development of the first and second branchial arches. Differential diagnosis is often challenging. The early genetic diagnosis is extremely useful, not only for the correct management of cranial malformations, but also for the early diagnosis and treatment of the comorbidities associated to the disease, which greatly benefit from early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Quinzi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C De Luca
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - F Giovannetti
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Splendiani
- Radiology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Cocciadiferro
- Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - R Capolino
- Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - F Brancati
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy - San Raffaele Roma IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Marzo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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Visioli G, Alisi L, Mastrogiuseppe E, Albanese GM, Romano E, Iannetti L, Armentano M, Giovannetti F, Gharbiya M. OCT biomarkers as predictors of visual improvement in diabetic macular edema eyes receiving dexamethasone implants. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 37316930 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers have been proposed as predictors for functional and anatomical outcomes in Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). This study aims to examine the impact of these OCT features on the visual acuity improvement of patients with DME after long-acting Dexamethasone intravitreal implants (DEX-I) injection. Furthermore, the safety and impact of DEX-I on clinical parameters, including intraocular pressure (IOP) were assessed. METHODS In this retrospective observational study, we reviewed the medical records of naïve and non-naïve eyes with DME who received at least one DEX-I. The primary endpoint was visual acuity improvement of ≥ 5 ETDRS letters at 1 month and 4 months after treatment. Secondary outcomes were the changes in OCT biomarkers and the impact of DEX-I on IOP at 1 and 4 months of follow-up. Linear panel regression analysis was used to test for differences in central subfield thickness (CST) over time and it was stratified according to biomarkers at baseline. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors predicting visual improvement at 1 and 4 months. RESULTS We included 33 eyes of which 63.6% were at an advanced stage of DME. Overall, CST, cube average thickness (CAT), cube volume (CV), and intraretinal cystoid spaces > 200 μm (ICS) decreased following DEX-I injection (p < 0.001). Additionally, a thicker CST at baseline was observed in eyes with better visual improvement at one month (p = 0.048). After logistic regression analysis, CST was retained as the only predictor for visual improvement at one month (p = 0.044). Furthermore, panel regression analysis identified a relation between subfoveal neuroretinal detachment (SND) at baseline and CST increase at four months. Lastly, only 15.2% of the eyes necessitated topical medication for IOP reduction, with no differences observed when stratifying between naïve and non-naïve eyes. CONCLUSION Our analyses suggest that a ticker baseline CST may serve as a positive predictor of early visual improvement and SND presence at baseline may be a negative prognostic factor for CST increase 4 months after DEX-I injection. Other well-known biomarkers, such as disorganization of the inner retinal layers (DRIL) and hyperreflective foci (HF), did not demonstrate prognostic value on visual outcomes, at least within the first four months following the injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Visioli
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Elvia Mastrogiuseppe
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Albanese
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Enrico Romano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Ludovico Iannetti
- Ophthalmology Unit, Head and Neck Department, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Francesca Giovannetti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Magda Gharbiya
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, viale del Policlinico 155, Rome, 00161, Italy
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Marenco M, Segatto M, Sacchetti M, Mangiantini P, Giovannetti F, Plateroti R. Autophagy-lysosome pathway alteration in ocular surface manifestations in Fabry disease patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:291. [PMID: 35870972 PMCID: PMC9308246 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked, lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the alpha-galactosidase gene and characterized by neurological, cutaneous, renal, cardiovascular, cochleo-vestibular and ocular manifestations. The aim of this study is to characterize morphological, functional and autophagy-lysosome pathway alterations of the ocular surface in FD patients.
Methods Eleven subjects with a diagnosis of FD and fifteen healthy control subjects were examined. All patients underwent ocular surface slit lamp examination, corneal aesthesiometry and in vivo confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CCM). Conjunctival impression cytology was performed in six FD patients and six controls, to assess for expression of two markers of the autophagy-lysosome pathway: the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2).
Results Cornea verticillata and increased conjunctival vessel tortuosity were detected respectively in 67% and 33% of patients with FD. Compared with healthy subjects, patients affected by FD showed a significant reduction in corneal nerve fiber length, density and nerve branching on CCM and a significantly increased expression of LC3 on conjunctival impression cytology (p < 0.001). No changes were observed in the conjunctival expression of LAMP2 between the two groups. Conclusions This study shows that FD is associated with ocular surface alterations including corneal and conjunctival morphology, innervation and vascularization changes. Our data demonstrate an increased expression of LC3 protein in patients with FD, suggesting that alteration of the autophagy-lysosome pathway may play a role in the occurrence of ocular manifestations.
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Albanese GM, Visioli G, Iannetti L, Giovannetti F, Armentano M, Romano E, Macario F, Fino P, Gharbiya M. Does choroidal thickness predict persistent subretinal fluid after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair? A retrospective study with fellow eye comparison. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 101:413-421. [PMID: 36448406 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether choroidal thickness (CT) is associated with persistent subretinal fluid (pSRF) after simple primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair. METHODS This single-centre, retrospective, observational study included patients who underwent RRD repair with at least 12-month follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative parameters were evaluated for association with pSRF. CT measurements were obtained at the central 1 mm area on enhanced depth imaging (EDI) OCT scans, using a semiautomatic method. Multiple logistic regression analyses were assessed to determine predictive factors for pSRF. RESULTS Overall, 100 eyes of 100 patients, mean age of 59.9 ± 12.6 years were included. pSRF was found in 21.0% of eyes and resolved over time in 85.7% of eyes at 12 months. In the pSRF group both RRD and fellow eyes showed lower mean choroidal and RPE thickness values as compared to those without pSRF (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between pSRF occurrence and choroidal thinning (p = 0.02). After multiple regression analyses, macula-off RRD (p = 0.005) and scleral buckling (SB) technique (p = 0.001) were retained as final predictors for pSRF. In macula-off SB eyes, detachment duration was the only factor associated with pSRF (p = 0.046). There were no significant differences in best-corrected visual acuity outcomes between the pSRF and the no-pSRF eyes. CONCLUSIONS Patients with pSRF showed lower choroidal and RPE thickness as compared to those without pSRF. CT did not turn out to be a final predictor for pSRF, as this was mainly associated with macular involvement, surgical technique and detachment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giacomo Visioli
- Department of Sense Organs Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Ludovico Iannetti
- Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital Head and Neck Department Rome Italy
| | | | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Enrico Romano
- Department of Sense Organs Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Federico Macario
- Department of Sense Organs Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Pasquale Fino
- Department of Odontostomatological and Maxillofacial Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Magda Gharbiya
- Department of Sense Organs Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
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Paroli MP, Del Giudice E, Giovannetti F, Caccavale R, Paroli M. Management Strategies of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Chronic Anterior Uveitis: Current Perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:1665-1673. [PMID: 35663189 PMCID: PMC9159812 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s342717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common extraocular disease associated with pediatric uveitis. Despite the growing knowledge about the pathogenetic and clinical characteristics of the disease, it still remains a challenge for both the pediatric rheumatologist and ophthalmologist. Since uveitis is asymptomatic in most cases, it is generally detected by parents in a late phase of the disease when complications have occurred with consequent severe vision loss. Improvement in attentive screening and early treatment initiation to suppress inflammation has considerably reduced the sight-threatening outcomes of JIA-associated chronic anterior uveitis (JIA-CAU). Initial treatment with topical steroids is effective in most cases. However, more severe cases require the use of periocular or systemic corticosteroids, possibly leading to long-term complications. These include growth retardation, cataract and glaucoma. Systemic immunosuppressive agents are then employed in patients resistant to first-line therapy or to reduce steroid-associated complications. In this review, we will discuss the immunosuppressant agents currently employed for the treatment of the disease, including anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α biologics approved or not by the regulatory agencies. We will also highlight how new therapeutic options like biologic targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) co-stimulatory molecule, interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) or B lymphocytes might represent exciting new options for patients resistant to conventional therapy. Finally, the potential use of janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors recently approved for the treatment of several inflammatory rheumatic diseases in adults will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Paroli
- Uveitis Service, Ophthalmologic Unit, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: Maria Pia Paroli, Uveitis Service, Ophthalmologic Unit, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Tel/Fax +39-06-519-3220, Email
| | - Emanuela Del Giudice
- Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Giovannetti
- Uveitis Service, Ophthalmologic Unit, Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosalba Caccavale
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marino Paroli
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Pace A, Rossetti V, Milani A, Iannella G, Cocuzza S, Maniaci A, Fegatelli DA, Vestri A, Greco A, de Vincentiis M, Giovannetti F, Plateroti R, Magliulo G. Osa patients vs laryngopharyngeal reflux disease: Non-invasive evaluation with NBI and pepsin detection in tears. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:629-634. [PMID: 35150480 PMCID: PMC9392973 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2021.6712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) are two common diseases that lower patients’ quality of life. OSA is defined by cyclic events of airflow obstruction that occurs during sleep, while LPR is characterized by upper airway inflammatory signs and symptoms due to the return of gastroduodenal gaseous and liquid elements. pH-metry is the gold standard in LPR diagnosis, but considering its invasiveness among other negative traits, questionnaires that catalog symptoms and signs of the disease such as reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) are preferred. Moreover, LPR can be evaluated by testing the presence of pepsin in tears, and narrowband imaging (NBI) has been introduced for the early diagnosis of larynx oncological disease. This paper aims to test whether LPR is more frequent in OSA patients than in control ones, performing a non-invasive protocol composed of RSI and RFS test (with light vs. NBI techniques) followed by pepsin detection in tears. Sixty-eight LPR patients were enrolled in the study (45 with OSA and 23 without OSA). A strong linear relationship between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was found, and patients who presented pepsin in tears had higher values of AHI and ODI in comparison to patients without it. Pathological RFS and NBI showed higher values of AHI and ODI in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, pathological RSI showed higher values of AHI and ODI in comparison to the control group. In conclusion, this diagnostic combined non-invasive protocol may be a good method to perform an early diagnosis of LPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Pace
- Department of Scienze Chirurgiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Corresponding author: Annalisa Pace, Department of Scienze Chirurgiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’università 33, Rome, 00165, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Valeria Rossetti
- Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Milani
- Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Department of Scienze Chirurgiche, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head-Neck and Oral Surgery Unit; Department of Head-Neck Surgery, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cocuzza
- Department of Otorinolaringoiatria, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonino Maniaci
- Department of Otorinolaringoiatria, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Danilo Alunni Fegatelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Vestri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Rocco Plateroti
- Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magliulo
- Department of Organi di Senso, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) was the first surface ablation procedure introduced for the treatment of refractive errors and has been proven to be effective and safe. In some cases, however, the patient may not be totally satisfied with the final result and retreatment may be necessary. We performed a literature review to describe the main conditions that may arise following PRK that may require retreatment and new promising techniques to allow customized and effective treatments for patients. There is currently no gold standard for retreatment of residual refractive error after PRK. The surgeon must take into account the patient's history and type of problem when choosing the most appropriate technique. LASIK and PRK are the main options. Haze can be treated with good results with phototherapeutic keratectomy and mytomicin C. High order aberrations and decentration may be addressed with topographically-guided excimer photoablation or with wavefront-guided PRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Spadea
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto 1, Department of Sensory Organs, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Giovannetti
- Eye Clinic, Policlinico Umberto 1, Department of Sensory Organs, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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9
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Nebbioso M, Alisi L, Giovannetti F, Armentano M, Lambiase A. Eye drop emulsion containing 0.1% cyclosporin (1 mg/mL) for the treatment of severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis: an evidence-based review and place in therapy. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:1147-1155. [PMID: 31308622 PMCID: PMC6616155 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s181811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a rare, recurrent and multifactorial ocular disease, which typically flares up during spring and affects especially male children and adolescents. This condition does not usually respond to common treatments with antihistamines or mast cells stabilizers, whereas corticosteroids have effective results. Corticosteroids need to be carefully administered, to avoid adverse effects, mainly the secondary development of glaucoma, cataracts, or infections. Immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporin (CyA) or tacrolimus are, therefore, frequently employed in VKC patients. Only the 0.1% CyA (1 mg/mL) concentration has an approved and specific clinical indication for the treatment of VKC and this drug was given the denomination of orphan drug by the European Commission (EU/3/06/360) in 2006. So far, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the side effects of topical 0.1% CyA. Different topical CyA concentrations, ranging from 0.05% to 2%, and various types of formulation are available at the moment. In the future, 0.1% CyA will presumably take an important part in the management of VKC. The present review focuses on eye drops containing 0.1% CyA; however, more studies will be needed to define its long-term efficacy in the natural course of this severe ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Nebbioso
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Ludovico Alisi
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesca Giovannetti
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marta Armentano
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, Umberto I Policlinic, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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Gennaro P, Mitro V, Gabriele G, Giovannetti F, Facchini A. An orbital roof and anterior skull base fracture: case report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16 Suppl 4:117-120. [PMID: 23090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Blow-out fractures usually involve the orbit in the floor or in the medial wall. Anyway, if the roof of the orbit is thin and direct compressive or buckling forces impact the orbit the fracture can involve the upper roof. We describe the case of a blow-out fracture of the orbital roof with enophtalmus and cerebrospinal fluid leak from lacero-contusive subciliar wound
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gennaro
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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11
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Mignini F, Nasuti C, Artico M, Giovannetti F, Fabrizi C, Fumagalli L, Iannetti G, Pompili E. Effects and Trimethyltin on Hippocampal Dopaminergic Markers and Cognitive Behaviour. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2012; 25:1107-19. [DOI: 10.1177/039463201202500428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The triorganotin compound trimethyltin (TMT) is a highly toxic molecule which has a great impact on human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific alteration of dopamine receptors and transporters in the hippocampus of TMT-treated rats. The TMT-treated group showed impaired spatial reference memory in a Morris water maze task compared to the control group, whereas memory consolidation tested 24 hours after the last training session was preserved. In the open field, TMT-treated rats showed a decrease in time spent in rearing episodes reflecting a lower interest to explore a novel environment. In the hippocampal area of the TMT-treated group, we observed a reduction in neuronal viability accompanied by a significant decrease in the expression of the dopamine receptors (D1 and D2), and dopamine transporters (DAT, VMAT1 and VMAT2). A less pronounced reduction was observed for D3 and D5 while D4 did not change. These data were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. The present study on TMT-induced neurodegeneration highlights the link between hippocampal asset of dopamine receptors and transporters and the impaired performance of rats in a spatial reference memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Mignini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - C. Nasuti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Italy
| | - M. Artico
- Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University, Rome
| | - F. Giovannetti
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University, Rome
| | - C. Fabrizi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - L. Fumagalli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G. Iannetti
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Sapienza University, Rome
| | - E. Pompili
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Giovannetti F, Ruggeri A, Della Monaca M, Pichierri A, Valentini V. Nasoseptal Flap for Anterior Skull Base Reconstruction: Our Experience. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1313952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Ungari C, Giovannetti F, Filiaci F, Ramieri V. P.413 Isolated sphenoid sinus mucocele: etiology and management. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)72201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Giovannetti F, Cassoni A, Matteo Marianetti T, Priore P, Valentini V. P.035 Endoscopic treatment of odontogenic keratocystic tumour. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(08)71824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Giovannetti F, Filiaci F, Terenzi V. P.289 Class II open bite: Our experience and long-term results. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-5182(06)60794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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