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Böer T, Bengelsdorf FR, Daniel R, Poehlein A. Complete genome sequences of Blautia hydrogenotrophica DSM 10507 T isolated from human feces and Blautia coccoides DSM 935 T isolated from mouse feces. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0001624. [PMID: 38477460 PMCID: PMC11008154 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00016-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We report on the closed genome sequences of the acetogen Blautia hydrogenotrophica S5a33T (DSM 10507T) and of Blautia coccoides CLC-1T (DSM 935T). The B. hydrogenotrophica S5a33T genome harbors a chromosome (3,590,609 bp) and a plasmid (7,176 bp). The B. coccoides CLC-1T genome consists of a single chromosome (6,097,890 bp).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Böer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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2
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Flaiz M, Poehlein A, Wilhelm W, Mook A, Daniel R, Dürre P, Bengelsdorf FR. Refining and illuminating acetogenic Eubacterium strains for reclassification and metabolic engineering. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:24. [PMID: 38233843 PMCID: PMC10795377 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Eubacterium is quite diverse and includes several acetogenic strains capable of fermenting C1-substrates into valuable products. Especially, Eubacterium limosum and closely related strains attract attention not only for their capability to ferment C1 gases and liquids, but also due to their ability to produce butyrate. Apart from its well-elucidated metabolism, E. limosum is also genetically accessible, which makes it an interesting candidate to be an industrial biocatalyst. RESULTS In this study, we examined genomic, phylogenetic, and physiologic features of E. limosum and the closest related species E. callanderi as well as E. maltosivorans. We sequenced the genomes of the six Eubacterium strains 'FD' (DSM 3662T), 'Marburg' (DSM 3468), '2A' (DSM 2593), '11A' (DSM 2594), 'G14' (DSM 107592), and '32' (DSM 20517) and subsequently compared these with previously available genomes of the E. limosum type strain (DSM 20543T) as well as the strains 'B2', 'KIST612', 'YI' (DSM 105863T), and 'SA11'. This comparison revealed a close relationship between all eleven Eubacterium strains, forming three distinct clades: E. limosum, E. callanderi, and E. maltosivorans. Moreover, we identified the gene clusters responsible for methanol utilization as well as genes mediating chain elongation in all analyzed strains. Subsequent growth experiments revealed that strains of all three clades can convert methanol and produce acetate, butyrate, and hexanoate via reverse β-oxidation. Additionally, we used a harmonized electroporation protocol and successfully transformed eight of these Eubacterium strains to enable recombinant plasmid-based expression of the gene encoding the fluorescence-activating and absorption shifting tag (FAST). Engineered Eubacterium strains were verified regarding their FAST-mediated fluorescence at a single-cell level using a flow cytometry approach. Eventually, strains 'FD' (DSM 3662T), '2A' (DSM 2593), '11A' (DSM 2594), and '32' (DSM 20517) were genetically engineered for the first time. CONCLUSION Strains of E. limosum, E. callanderi, and E. maltosivorans are outstanding candidates as biocatalysts for anaerobic C1-substrate conversion into valuable biocommodities. A large variety of strains is genetically accessible using a harmonized electroporation protocol, and FAST can serve as a reliable fluorescent reporter protein to characterize genetically engineered cells. In total eleven strains have been assigned to distinct clades, providing a clear and updated classification. Thus, the description of respective Eubacterium species has been emended, improved, aligned, and is requested to be implemented in respective databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Flaiz
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Wilhelm
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Mook
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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Böer T, Bengelsdorf FR, Bömeke M, Daniel R, Poehlein A. Genome-based metabolic and phylogenomic analysis of three Terrisporobacter species. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290128. [PMID: 37816002 PMCID: PMC10564238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetogenic bacteria are of high interest for biotechnological applications as industrial platform organisms, however, acetogenic strains from the genus Terrisporobacter have hitherto been neglected. To date, three published type strains of the genus Terrisporobacter are only covered by draft genome sequences, and the genes and pathway responsible for acetogenesis have not been analyzed. Here, we report complete genome sequences of the bacterial type strains Terrisporobacter petrolearius JCM 19845T, Terrisporobacter mayombei DSM 6539T and Terrisporobacter glycolicus DSM 1288T. Functional annotation, KEGG pathway module reconstructions and screening for virulence factors were performed. Various species-specific vitamin, cofactor and amino acid auxotrophies were identified and a model for acetogenesis of Terrisporobacter was constructed. The complete genomes harbored a gene cluster for the reductive proline-dependent branch of the Stickland reaction located on an approximately 21 kb plasmid, which is exclusively found in the Terrisporobacter genus. Phylogenomic analysis of available Terrisporobacter genomes suggested a reclassification of most isolates as T. glycolicus into T. petrolearius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Böer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mechthild Bömeke
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Herzog J, Mook A, Utesch T, Bengelsdorf FR, Zeng AP. Lactate based caproate production with Clostridium drakei and process control of Acetobacterium woodii via lactate dependent in situ electrolysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1212044. [PMID: 37425355 PMCID: PMC10327822 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1212044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Syngas fermentation processes with acetogens represent a promising process for the reduction of CO2 emissions alongside bulk chemical production. However, to fully realize this potential the thermodynamic limits of acetogens need to be considered when designing a fermentation process. An adjustable supply of H2 as electron donor plays a key role in autotrophic product formation. In this study an anaerobic laboratory scale continuously stirred tank reactor was equipped with an All-in-One electrode allowing for in-situ H2 generation via electrolysis. Furthermore, this system was coupled to online lactate measurements to control the co-culture of a recombinant lactate-producing Acetobacterium woodii strain and a lactate-consuming Clostridium drakei strain to produce caproate. When C. drakei was grown in batch cultivations with lactate as substrate, 1.6 g·L-1 caproate were produced. Furthermore, lactate production of the A. woodii mutant strain could manually be stopped and reinitiated by controlling the electrolysis. Applying this automated process control, lactate production of the A. woodii mutant strain could be halted to achieve a steady lactate concentration. In a co-culture experiment with the A. woodii mutant strain and the C. drakei strain, the automated process control was able to dynamically react to changing lactate concentrations and adjust H2 formation respectively. This study confirms the potential of C. drakei as medium chain fatty acid producer in a lactate-mediated, autotrophic co-cultivation with an engineered A. woodii strain. Moreover, the monitoring and control strategy presented in this study reinforces the case for autotrophically produced lactate as a transfer metabolite in defined co-cultivations for value-added chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Herzog
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mook
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tyll Utesch
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, Germany
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Lab, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
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Herzog J, Mook A, Guhl L, Bäumler M, Beck MH, Weuster‐Botz D, Bengelsdorf FR, Zeng A. Novel synthetic co-culture of Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium drakei using CO 2 and in situ generated H 2 for the production of caproic acid via lactic acid. Eng Life Sci 2022; 23:e2100169. [PMID: 36619880 PMCID: PMC9815077 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetobacterium woodii is known to produce mainly acetate from CO2 and H2, but the production of higher value chemicals is desired for the bioeconomy. Using chain-elongating bacteria, synthetic co-cultures have the potential to produce longer-chained products such as caproic acid. In this study, we present first results for a successful autotrophic co-cultivation of A. woodii mutants and a Clostridium drakei wild-type strain in a stirred-tank bioreactor for the production of caproic acid from CO2 and H2 via the intermediate lactic acid. For autotrophic lactate production, a recombinant A. woodii strain with a deleted Lct-dehydrogenase complex, which is encoded by the lctBCD genes, and an inserted D-lactate dehydrogenase (LdhD) originating from Leuconostoc mesenteroides, was used. Hydrogen for the process was supplied using an All-in-One electrode for in situ water electrolysis. Lactate concentrations as high as 0.5 g L-1 were achieved with the AiO-electrode, whereas 8.1 g L-1 lactate were produced with direct H2 sparging in a stirred-tank bioreactor. Hydrogen limitation was identified in the AiO process. However, with cathode surface area enlargement or numbering-up of the electrode and on-demand hydrogen generation, this process has great potential for a true carbon-negative production of value chemicals from CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Herzog
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
| | - Alexander Mook
- Institute of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Lotta Guhl
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
| | - Miriam Bäumler
- Department of Energy and Process EngineeringChair of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Engineering and DesignGarchingGermany
| | - Matthias H. Beck
- Institute of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
| | - Dirk Weuster‐Botz
- Department of Energy and Process EngineeringChair of Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Engineering and DesignGarchingGermany
| | | | - An‐Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems EngineeringHamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany
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6
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Flaiz M, Ludwig G, Bengelsdorf FR, Dürre P. Production of the biocommodities butanol and acetone from methanol with fluorescent FAST-tagged proteins using metabolically engineered strains of Eubacterium limosum. Biotechnol Biofuels 2021; 14:117. [PMID: 33971948 PMCID: PMC8111989 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in using methanol as a substrate to cultivate acetogens increased in recent years since it can be sustainably produced from syngas and has the additional benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Eubacterium limosum is one of the few acetogens that can utilize methanol, is genetically accessible and, therefore, a promising candidate for the recombinant production of biocommodities from this C1 carbon source. Although several genetic tools are already available for certain acetogens including E. limosum, the use of brightly fluorescent reporter proteins is still limited. RESULTS In this study, we expanded the genetic toolbox of E. limosum by implementing the fluorescence-activating and absorption shifting tag (FAST) as a fluorescent reporter protein. Recombinant E. limosum strains that expressed the gene encoding FAST in an inducible and constitutive manner were constructed. Cultivation of these recombinant strains resulted in brightly fluorescent cells even under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, we produced the biocommodities butanol and acetone from methanol with recombinant E. limosum strains. Therefore, we used E. limosum cultures that produced FAST-tagged fusion proteins of the bifunctional acetaldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase or the acetoacetate decarboxylase, respectively, and determined the fluorescence intensity and product concentrations during growth. CONCLUSIONS The addition of FAST as an oxygen-independent fluorescent reporter protein expands the genetic toolbox of E. limosum. Moreover, our results show that FAST-tagged fusion proteins can be constructed without negatively impacting the stability, functionality, and productivity of the resulting enzyme. Finally, butanol and acetone can be produced from methanol using recombinant E. limosum strains expressing genes encoding fluorescent FAST-tagged fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Flaiz
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Gideon Ludwig
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Weitz S, Hermann M, Linder S, Bengelsdorf FR, Takors R, Dürre P. Isobutanol Production by Autotrophic Acetogenic Bacteria. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:657253. [PMID: 33912549 PMCID: PMC8072342 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.657253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two different isobutanol synthesis pathways were cloned into and expressed in the two model acetogenic bacteria Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium ljungdahlii. A. woodii is specialized on using CO2 + H2 gas mixtures for growth and depends on sodium ions for ATP generation by a respective ATPase and Rnf system. On the other hand, C. ljungdahlii grows well on syngas (CO + H2 + CO2 mixture) and depends on protons for energy conservation. The first pathway consisted of ketoisovalerate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (Kor) from Clostridium thermocellum and bifunctional aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE2) from C. acetobutylicum. Three different kor gene clusters are annotated in C. thermocellum and were all tested. Only in recombinant A. woodii strains, traces of isobutanol could be detected. Additional feeding of ketoisovalerate increased isobutanol production to 2.9 mM under heterotrophic conditions using kor3 and to 1.8 mM under autotrophic conditions using kor2. In C. ljungdahlii, isobutanol could only be detected upon additional ketoisovalerate feeding under autotrophic conditions. kor3 proved to be the best suited gene cluster. The second pathway consisted of ketoisovalerate decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis and alcohol dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. For increasing the carbon flux to ketoisovalerate, genes encoding ketol-acid reductoisomerase, dihydroxy-acid dehydratase, and acetolactate synthase from C. ljungdahlii were subcloned downstream of adhA. Under heterotrophic conditions, A. woodii produced 0.2 mM isobutanol and 0.4 mM upon additional ketoisovalerate feeding. Under autotrophic conditions, no isobutanol formation could be detected. Only upon additional ketoisovalerate feeding, recombinant A. woodii produced 1.5 mM isobutanol. With C. ljungdahlii, no isobutanol was formed under heterotrophic conditions and only 0.1 mM under autotrophic conditions. Additional feeding of ketoisovalerate increased these values to 1.5 mM and 0.6 mM, respectively. A further increase to 2.4 mM and 1 mM, respectively, could be achieved upon inactivation of the ilvE gene in the recombinant C. ljungdahlii strain. Engineering the coenzyme specificity of IlvC of C. ljungdahlii from NADPH to NADH did not result in improved isobutanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weitz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Hermann
- Institut für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sonja Linder
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institut für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Hermann M, Teleki A, Weitz S, Niess A, Freund A, Bengelsdorf FR, Takors R. Electron availability in CO 2 , CO and H 2 mixtures constrains flux distribution, energy management and product formation in Clostridium ljungdahlii. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1831-1846. [PMID: 32691533 PMCID: PMC7533319 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetogens such as Clostridium ljungdahlii can play a crucial role reducing the human CO2 footprint by converting industrial emissions containing CO2 , CO and H2 into valuable products such as organic acids or alcohols. The quantitative understanding of cellular metabolism is a prerequisite to exploit the bacterial endowments and to fine-tune the cells by applying metabolic engineering tools. Studying the three gas mixtures CO2 + H2 , CO and CO + CO2 + H2 (syngas) by continuously gassed batch cultivation experiments and applying flux balance analysis, we identified CO as the preferred carbon and electron source for growth and producing alcohols. However, the total yield of moles of carbon (mol-C) per electrons consumed was almost identical in all setups which underlines electron availability as the main factor influencing product formation. The Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP) showed high flexibility by serving as the key NAD+ provider for CO2 + H2, whereas this function was strongly compensated by the transhydrogenase-like Nfn complex when CO was metabolized. Availability of reduced ferredoxin (Fdred ) can be considered as a key determinant of metabolic control. Oxidation of CO via carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) is the main route of Fdred formation when CO is used as substrate, whereas Fdred is mainly regenerated via the methyl branch of WLP and the Nfn complex utilizing CO2 + H2 . Consequently, doubled growth rates, highest ATP formation rates and highest amounts of reduced products (ethanol, 2,3-butanediol) were observed when CO was the sole carbon and electron source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hermann
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 31Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Attila Teleki
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 31Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Sandra Weitz
- Institute of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11Ulm89069Germany
| | - Alexander Niess
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 31Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Andreas Freund
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 31Stuttgart70569Germany
| | - Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUlm UniversityAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 11Ulm89069Germany
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartAllmandring 31Stuttgart70569Germany
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Flaiz M, Baur T, Brahner S, Poehlein A, Daniel R, Bengelsdorf FR. Caproicibacter fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov., a new caproate-producing bacterium and emended description of the genus Caproiciproducens. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4269-4279. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A strictly anaerobic bacterial strain designated EA1T was isolated from an enrichment culture inoculated with biogas reactor content. Cells of strain EA1T are spore-forming rods (1–3×0.4–0.8 µm) and stain Gram-negative, albeit they possess a Gram-positive type of cell-wall ultrastructure. Growth of strain EA1T was observed at 30 and 37 °C and within a pH range of pH 5–9. The major components recovered in the fatty acid fraction were C14:0, C16:0, C16:0 DMA (dimethyl acetal) and C16:1
ω7c. Strain EA1T fermented several mono- and disaccharides. Metabolic end products from fructose were acetate, butyrate, caproate and lactate. Furthermore, ethanol, CO2 and H2 were identified as products. The genome consists of a chromosome (3.9 Mbp) with 3797 predicted protein-encoding genes and a G+C content of 51.25 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain EA1T represents a novel taxon within the family
Oscillospiraceae
. The most closely related type strains of EA1T, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, are
Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans
BS-1T (94.9 %), [
Clostridium
] leptum DSM 753T (93.8 %), [
Clostridium
] sporosphaeroides DSM 1294T (91.7 %) and
Ruminococcus bromii
ATCC 27255T (91.0 %). Further phenotypic characteristics of strain EA1T differentiate it from related, validly described bacterial species. Strain EA1T represents a novel genus and novel species within the family
Oscillospiraceae
. The proposed name is Caproicibacter fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is EA1T (DSM 107079T=JCM 33110T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Flaiz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tina Baur
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Brahner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Redl S, Poehlein A, Esser C, Bengelsdorf FR, Jensen TØ, Jendresen CB, Tindall BJ, Daniel R, Dürre P, Nielsen AT. Genome-Based Comparison of All Species of the Genus Moorella, and Status of the Species Moorella thermoacetica and Moorella thermoautotrophica. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3070. [PMID: 32010113 PMCID: PMC6978639 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of gases provides a promising opportunity for the production of biochemicals from renewable resources, which has resulted in a growing interest in acetogenic bacteria. Thermophilic organisms provide potential advantages for the fermentation of, e.g., syngas into for example volatile compounds, and the thermophiles Moorella thermoacetica and Moorella thermoautotrophica have become model organisms of acetogenic metabolism. The justification for the recognition of the closely related species M. thermoautotrophica has, however, recently been disputed. In order to expand knowledge on the genus, we have here genome sequenced a total of 12 different M. thermoacetica and M. thermoautotrophica strains. From the sequencing results, it became clear that M. thermoautotrophica DSM 1974T consists of at least two different strains. Two different strains were isolated in Lyngby and Ulm from a DSM 1974T culture obtained from the DSMZ (Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Brunswick, Germany). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between all the sequenced genomes, suggesting that the two strains detected in the type strain of the species M. thermoautotrophica could not be distinguished at the species level from M. thermoacetica. Despite genetic similarities, differences in genomic features were observed between the strains. Differences in compounds that can serve as carbon and energy sources for selected strains were also identified. On the contrary, strain DSM 21394, currently still named M. thermoacetica, obviously represents a new Moorella species. In addition, based on genome analysis and comparison M. glycerini NMP, M. stamsii DSM 26217T, and M. perchloratireducens An10 cannot be distinguished at the species level. Thus, this comprehensive analysis provides a significantly increased knowledge of the genetic diversity of Moorella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Redl
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carola Esser
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Ø Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian B Jendresen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Brian J Tindall
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alex T Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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11
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Beck MH, Flaiz M, Bengelsdorf FR, Dürre P. Induced heterologous expression of the arginine deiminase pathway promotes growth advantages in the strict anaerobe Acetobacterium woodii. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:687-699. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Langer SG, Gabris C, Einfalt D, Wemheuer B, Kazda M, Bengelsdorf FR. Different response of bacteria, archaea and fungi to process parameters in nine full-scale anaerobic digesters. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1210-1225. [PMID: 30995692 PMCID: PMC6801161 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogas production is a biotechnological process realized by complex bacterial, archaeal and likely fungal communities. Their composition was assessed in nine full-scale biogas plants with distinctly differing feedstock input and process parameters. This study investigated the actually active microbial community members by using a comprehensive sequencing approach based on ribosomal 16S and 28S rRNA fragments. The prevailing taxonomical units of each respective community were subsequently linked to process parameters. Ribosomal rRNA of bacteria, archaea and fungi, respectively, showed different compositions with respect to process parameters and supplied feedstocks: (i) bacterial communities were affected by the key factors temperature and ammonium concentration; (ii) composition of archaea was mainly related to process temperature; and (iii) relative abundance of fungi was linked to feedstocks supplied to the digesters. Anaerobic digesters with a high methane yield showed remarkably similar bacterial communities regarding identified taxonomic families. Although archaeal communities differed strongly on genus level from each other, the respective digesters still showed high methane yields. Functional redundancy of the archaeal communities may explain this effect. 28S rRNA sequences of fungi in all nine full-scale anaerobic digesters were primarily classified as facultative anaerobic Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Since the presence of ribosomal 28S rRNA indicates that fungi may be active in the biogas digesters, further research should be carried out to examine to which extent they are important players in anaerobic digestion processes.
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MESH Headings
- Anaerobiosis
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/genetics
- Archaea/growth & development
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics
- Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development
- Biofuels
- Bioreactors/microbiology
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/chemistry
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Fungi/classification
- Fungi/genetics
- Fungi/growth & development
- Manure/microbiology
- Metagenomics
- Microbiota
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 28S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Gabris
- Institute of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
- Present address:
Bühlmann Laboratories AGSchönenbuchSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Einfalt
- Institute of Systematic Botany and EcologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
- Present address:
Institute of Food Science and BiotechnologyUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics LaboratoryGeorg‐August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Marian Kazda
- Institute of Systematic Botany and EcologyUlm UniversityUlmGermany
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13
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Flüchter S, Follonier S, Schiel-Bengelsdorf B, Bengelsdorf FR, Zinn M, Dürre P. Anaerobic Production of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and Its Precursor 3-Hydroxybutyrate from Synthesis Gas by Autotrophic Clostridia. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3271-3282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Flüchter
- Institut für
Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Follonier
- Institute of Life
Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais), Route du Rawyl 64, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Schiel-Bengelsdorf
- Institut für
Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institut für
Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Zinn
- Institute of Life
Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO Valais), Route du Rawyl 64, 1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für
Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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14
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Takors R, Kopf M, Mampel J, Bluemke W, Blombach B, Eikmanns B, Bengelsdorf FR, Weuster-Botz D, Dürre P. Using gas mixtures of CO, CO 2 and H 2 as microbial substrates: the do's and don'ts of successful technology transfer from laboratory to production scale. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:606-625. [PMID: 29761637 PMCID: PMC6011938 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The reduction of CO2 emissions is a global effort which is not only supported by the society and politicians but also by the industry. Chemical producers worldwide follow the strategic goal to reduce CO2 emissions by replacing existing fossil-based production routes with sustainable alternatives. The smart use of CO and CO2 /H2 mixtures even allows to produce important chemical building blocks consuming the said gases as substrates in carboxydotrophic fermentations with acetogenic bacteria. However, existing industrial infrastructure and market demands impose constraints on microbes, bioprocesses and products that require careful consideration to ensure technical and economic success. The mini review provides scientific and industrial facets finally to enable the successful implementation of gas fermentation technologies in the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Kopf
- BASF SE, Bio-Process Development, Carl-Bosch-Str. 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Joerg Mampel
- BRAIN AG, Darmstädter Straße 34-36, 64673, Zwingenberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Bluemke
- Evonik Technology and Infrastructure GmbH, Process Technology & Engineering, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Bastian Blombach
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bernhard Eikmanns
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Bengelsdorf FR, Beck MH, Erz C, Hoffmeister S, Karl MM, Riegler P, Wirth S, Poehlein A, Weuster-Botz D, Dürre P. Bacterial Anaerobic Synthesis Gas (Syngas) and CO 2+H 2 Fermentation. Adv Appl Microbiol 2018; 103:143-221. [PMID: 29914657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic bacterial gas fermentation gains broad interest in various scientific, social, and industrial fields. This microbial process is carried out by a specific group of bacterial strains called acetogens. All these strains employ the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway but they belong to different taxonomic groups. Here we provide an overview of the metabolism of acetogens and naturally occurring products. Characteristics of 61 strains were summarized and selected acetogens described in detail. Acetobacterium woodii, Clostridium ljungdahlii, and Moorella thermoacetica serve as model organisms. Results of approaches such as genome-scale modeling, proteomics, and transcriptomics are discussed. Metabolic engineering of acetogens can be used to expand the product portfolio to platform chemicals and to study different aspects of cell physiology. Moreover, the fermentation of gases requires specific reactor configurations and the development of the respective technology, which can be used for an industrial application. Even though the overall process will have a positive effect on climate, since waste and greenhouse gases could be converted into commodity chemicals, some legislative barriers exist, which hamper successful exploitation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Matthias H Beck
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Catarina Erz
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hoffmeister
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael M Karl
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Riegler
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Steffen Wirth
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Abstract
Gas fermentation is a microbial process that contributes to at least four of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. The process converts waste and greenhouse gases into commodity chemicals and fuels. Thus, world's climate is positively affected. Briefly, we describe the background of the process, some biocatalytic strains, and legal implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und BiotechnologieUniversität UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und BiotechnologieUniversität UlmAlbert‐Einstein‐Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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17
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Jag V, Poehlein A, Bengelsdorf FR, Daniel R, Dürre P. Genome sequencing and description of Oerskovia enterophila VJag, an agar- and cellulose-degrading bacterium. Stand Genomic Sci 2017; 12:30. [PMID: 28484582 PMCID: PMC5418683 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A nonmotile, Gram-positive bacterium that shows an elongated and branching cell shape was isolated from soil samples from the botanical garden of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. Here, the isolation procedure, identification, genome sequencing and metabolic features of the strain are described. Phylogenetic analysis allowed to identify the isolated strain as Oerskovia enterophila. The genus Oerskovia belongs to the family Cellulomonadaceae within the order Actinomycetales. The length of cells of O. enterophila ranges from 1 μm to 15 μm, depending on the growth phase. In the exponential growth phase, cells show an elongated and branching shape, whereas cells break up to round or coccoid elements in the stationary growth phase. The 4,535,074 bp long genome consists of 85 contigs with 3918 protein-coding genes and 57 RNA genes. The isolated strain was shown to degrade numerous complex carbon sources such as cellulose, chitin, and starch, which can be found ubiquitously in nature. Moreover, analysis of the genomic sequence revealed the genetic potential to degrade these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jag
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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18
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Bengelsdorf FR, Poehlein A, Flitsch SK, Linder S, Schiel-Bengelsdorf B, Stegmann BA, Krabben P, Green E, Zhang Y, Minton N, Dürre P. Host Organisms: Clostridium acetobutylicum/ Clostridium beijerinckiiand Related Organisms. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527807796.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Universität Ulm; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Georg-August University; Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory; Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefanie K. Flitsch
- Universität Ulm; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Sonja Linder
- Universität Ulm; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Bettina Schiel-Bengelsdorf
- Universität Ulm; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Benjamin A. Stegmann
- Universität Ulm; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Preben Krabben
- Green Biologics Limited; 45A Western Avenue, Milton Park Abingdon Oxfordshire OX14 4RU UK
| | - Edward Green
- CHAIN Biotechnology Limited; Imperial College Incubator, Imperial College London; Level 1 Bessemer Building London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ying Zhang
- University of Nottingham; BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Nigel Minton
- University of Nottingham; BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre (SBRC), School of Life Sciences; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Peter Dürre
- Universität Ulm; Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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19
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Bengelsdorf FR, Poehlein A, Linder S, Erz C, Hummel T, Hoffmeister S, Daniel R, Dürre P. Industrial Acetogenic Biocatalysts: A Comparative Metabolic and Genomic Analysis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1036. [PMID: 27458439 PMCID: PMC4935695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation by anaerobic acetogenic bacteria employing the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway is a bioprocess for production of biofuels and biocommodities. The major fermentation products of the most relevant biocatalytic strains (Clostridium ljungdahlii, C. autoethanogenum, C. ragsdalei, and C. coskatii) are acetic acid and ethanol. A comparative metabolic and genomic analysis using the mentioned biocatalysts might offer targets for metabolic engineering and thus improve the production of compounds apart from ethanol. Autotrophic growth and product formation of the four wild type (WT) strains were compared in uncontrolled batch experiments. The genomes of C. ragsdalei and C. coskatii were sequenced and the genome sequences of all four biocatalytic strains analyzed in comparative manner. Growth and product spectra (acetate, ethanol, 2,3-butanediol) of C. autoethanogenum, C. ljungdahlii, and C. ragsdalei were rather similar. In contrast, C. coskatii produced significantly less ethanol and its genome sequence lacks two genes encoding aldehyde:ferredoxin oxidoreductases (AOR). Comparative genome sequence analysis of the four WT strains revealed high average nucleotide identity (ANI) of C. ljungdahlii and C. autoethanogenum (99.3%) and C. coskatii (98.3%). In contrast, C. ljungdahlii WT and C. ragsdalei WT showed an ANI-based similarity of only 95.8%. Additionally, recombinant C. ljungdahlii strains were constructed that harbor an artificial acetone synthesis operon (ASO) consisting of the following genes: adc, ctfA, ctfB, and thlA (encoding acetoacetate decarboxylase, acetoacetyl-CoA:acetate/butyrate:CoA-transferase subunits A and B, and thiolase) under the control of thlA promoter (PthlA) from C. acetobutylicum or native pta-ack promoter (Ppta-ack) from C. ljungdahlii. Respective recombinant strains produced 2-propanol rather than acetone, due to the presence of a NADPH-dependent primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase that converts acetone to 2-propanol. Furthermore, the ClosTronTM system was used to construct an adhE1 integration mutant. These results provide extensive insights into genetic features of industrially relevant bacterial biocatalysts and expand the toolbox for metabolic engineering of acetogenic bacteria able to ferment syngas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Linder
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - Catarina Erz
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Hummel
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Universität Ulm Ulm, Germany
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20
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Hoffmeister S, Gerdom M, Bengelsdorf FR, Linder S, Flüchter S, Öztürk H, Blümke W, May A, Fischer RJ, Bahl H, Dürre P. Acetone production with metabolically engineered strains of Acetobacterium woodii. Metab Eng 2016; 36:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Gabris C, Bengelsdorf FR, Dürre P. Analysis of the key enzymes of butyric and acetic acid fermentation in biogas reactors. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 8:865-73. [PMID: 26086956 PMCID: PMC4554474 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at the investigation of the mechanisms of acidogenesis, which is a key process during anaerobic digestion. To expose possible bottlenecks, specific activities of the key enzymes of acidification, such as acetate kinase (Ack, 0.23-0.99 U mg(-1) protein), butyrate kinase (Buk, < 0.03 U mg(-1) protein) and butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase (But, 3.24-7.64 U mg(-1) protein), were determined in cell free extracts of biogas reactor content from three different biogas reactors. Furthermore, the detection of Ack was successful via Western blot analysis. Quantification of corresponding functional genes encoding Buk (buk) and But (but) was not feasible, although an amplification was possible. Thus, phylogenetic trees were constructed based on respective gene fragments. Four new clades of possible butyrate-producing bacteria were postulated, as well as bacteria of the genera Roseburia or Clostridium identified. The low Buk activity was in contrast to the high specific But activity in the analysed samples. Butyrate formation via Buk activity does barely occur in the investigated biogas reactor. Specific enzyme activities (Ack, Buk and But) in samples drawn from three different biogas reactors correlated with ammonia and ammonium concentrations (NH₃ and NH₄(+)-N), and a negative dependency can be postulated. Thus, high concentrations of NH₃ and NH₄(+)-N may lead to a bottleneck in acidogenesis due to decreased specific acidogenic enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Gabris
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of UlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
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22
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Langer SG, Ahmed S, Einfalt D, Bengelsdorf FR, Kazda M. Functionally redundant but dissimilar microbial communities within biogas reactors treating maize silage in co-fermentation with sugar beet silage. Microb Biotechnol 2015. [PMID: 26200922 PMCID: PMC4554470 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous observations indicate a high flexibility of microbial communities in different biogas reactors during anaerobic digestion. Here, we describe the functional redundancy and structural changes of involved microbial communities in four lab-scale continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs, 39°C, 12 L volume) supplied with different mixtures of maize silage (MS) and sugar beet silage (SBS) over 80 days. Continuously stirred tank reactors were fed with mixtures of MS and SBS in volatile solid ratios of 1:0 (Continuous Fermenter (CF) 1), 6:1 (CF2), 3:1 (CF3), 1:3 (CF4) with equal organic loading rates (OLR 1.25 kgVS m(-3) d(-1) ) and showed similar biogas production rates in all reactors. The compositions of bacterial and archaeal communities were analysed by 454 amplicon sequencing approach based on 16S rRNA genes. Both bacterial and archaeal communities shifted with increasing amounts of SBS. Especially pronounced were changes in the archaeal composition towards Methanosarcina with increasing proportion of SBS, while Methanosaeta declined simultaneously. Compositional shifts within the microbial communities did not influence the respective biogas production rates indicating that these communities adapted to environmental conditions induced by different feedstock mixtures. The diverse microbial communities optimized their metabolism in a way that ensured efficient biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne G Langer
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Einfalt
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marian Kazda
- Institute of Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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23
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R. Bengelsdorf F, Gabris C, Michel L, Zak M, Kazda M. Syntrophic microbial communities on straw as biofilm carrier increase the methane yield of a biowaste-digesting biogas reactor. AIMS Bioengineering 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2015.3.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Langer S, Schropp D, Bengelsdorf FR, Othman M, Kazda M. Dynamics of biofilm formation during anaerobic digestion of organic waste. Anaerobe 2014; 29:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Acetogenic bacteria employing the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway can be used as biocatalysts in syngas fermentation for the production ofbiofuels such as ethanol or butanol as well as biocommodities such as acetate, lactate, butyrate, 2,3 butanediol, and acetone. The potential of such processes can be projected by the global syngas output, which was 70,817 megawatts thermal in 2010 and is expected to increase up to 72% in 2016. To date, different acetogens are used as commercial production strains for industrial syngas fermentations in pilot or demonstration plants (Coskata, INEOS Bio, LanzaTech) and first commercial units are expected to launch operation in the near future (INEOS Bio, LanzaTech). Considerations on potential yields are quite promising for fermentative production. New methods for metabolic engineering were established to construct novel recombinant acetogenic biocatalysts. Synthetic biology will certainly play a major role in constructing strains for commercial operations. This way, a cheap and abundant carbon source most probably replace, processes based on crude oil or sugar in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank R Bengelsdorf
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany.
| | - Melanie Straub
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Peter Dürre
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
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Bengelsdorf FR, Gerischer U, Langer S, Zak M, Kazda M. Stability of a biogas-producing bacterial, archaeal and fungal community degrading food residues. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 84:201-12. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ulrike Gerischer
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Department; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Göttingen; Germany
| | - Susanne Langer
- Institute for Microbiology and Biotechnology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - Manuel Zak
- Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - Marian Kazda
- Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
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