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Tamura K, Kohnoe M, Takashino A, Kobayashi K, Koike S, Karwal L, Fukuda S, Vang F, Das SC, Dean HJ. TAK − 021, an inactivated Enterovirus 71 vaccine candidate, provides cross-protection against heterologous sub-genogroups in human scavenger receptor B2 transgenic mice. Vaccine 2022; 40:3330-3337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tambyah PA, Oon J, Asli R, Kristanto W, Hwa SH, Vang F, Karwal L, Fuchs J, Santangelo JD, Gordon GS, Thomson C, Rao R, Dean H, Das SC, Stinchcomb DT. An inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults: A phase I, double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, study of two dosages. Vaccine 2019; 37:4344-4353. [PMID: 31230881 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), especially that caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection, is a public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. We report a phase I clinical trial of an EV71 candidate vaccine (INV21) based on a binary ethylenimine inactivated B2 sub-genotype formulated with aluminum hydroxide. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose escalation study adult volunteers received two vaccinations 28 days apart of low or high dose formulations of the candidate vaccine and were then monitored for safety and reactogenicity for four weeks after each dose, and for their immune responses up to 28 weeks. RESULTS Of 36 adults enrolled, 35 completed the study as planned. Either no or mild adverse events were observed, mainly injection site pain and tiredness. Seroconversion was 100% after two vaccinations. High geometric mean neutralizing antibody titers (GMT) were observed 14 days post first dose, peaking 14 days post second dose (at Day 42) in both high and low dose groups; GMTs on days 14, 28, 42, and 56 were 128, 81, 323, 203 and 144, 100, 451, 351 in low- and high-dose groups, respectively. Titers for both doses declined gradually to Day 196 but remained higher than baseline and the placebo groups, which had low GMTs throughout the duration of the study. Cross-neutralizing antibody activity against heterologous sub-genotypes was demonstrated. CONCLUSION These data show that the EV71 candidate vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adults and supports further clinical development as a potential pediatric vaccine by initiating a dose-escalation study for determining the dose-dependent safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in young naïve children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, NUH Investigational Medicine Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jolene Oon
- Department of Medicine, NUH Investigational Medicine Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Rosmonaliza Asli
- Department of Medicine, NUH Investigational Medicine Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - William Kristanto
- Department of Medicine, NUH Investigational Medicine Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 10, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Shi-Hsia Hwa
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, 21 Biopolis Road, Nucleos South Tower Level 4, Singapore 138567, Singapore
| | - Fue Vang
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lovkesh Karwal
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy Fuchs
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph D Santangelo
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gilad S Gordon
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Cynthia Thomson
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, 21 Biopolis Road, Nucleos South Tower Level 4, Singapore 138567, Singapore
| | - Raman Rao
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, 21 Biopolis Road, Nucleos South Tower Level 4, Singapore 138567, Singapore
| | - Hansi Dean
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Subash C Das
- Vaccine Business Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, 40 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Dan T Stinchcomb
- Takeda Vaccines, Inc., Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Lam V, Tran H, Vasquez M, Li K, Yuen K, Vang F, Jaimovich A, Kennedy D, Odegaard J, Mortimer S, Olsen S, Raymond V, Vaporciyan A, Antonoff M, Walsh G, Roarty E, Lacerda L, Roth J, Swisher S, Bernatchez C, Sepesi B, Gibbons D, Zhang J, Heymach J. MA23.02 Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis with a Novel Variant Classifier for Recurrence Detection in Resected, Early-Stage Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bashir H, Grindle K, Vrtis R, Vang F, Kang T, Salazar L, Anderson E, Pappas T, Gangnon R, Evans MD, Jackson DJ, Lemanske RF, Bochkov YA, Gern JE. Association of rhinovirus species with common cold and asthma symptoms and bacterial pathogens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:822-824.e9. [PMID: 29111214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Bashir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Kristine Grindle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Rose Vrtis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Fue Vang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Teresa Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Lisa Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | | | - Tressa Pappas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Ronald Gangnon
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Michael D Evans
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Daniel J Jackson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Robert F Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wis.
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Coleman A, Grindle K, Pappas T, Vang F, Jackson DJ, Evans MD, Gangnon RE, Lemanske RF, Gern JE. Rhinovirus A and C Wheezing Illness in Infancy and the Development of Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Lee WM, Grindle K, Vrtis R, Pappas T, Vang F, Lee I, Gern JE. Molecular identification and quantification of human rhinoviruses in respiratory samples. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1221:25-38. [PMID: 25261304 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1571-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PCR-based molecular assays have become standard diagnostic procedures for the identification and quantification of human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and other respiratory pathogens in most, if not all, clinical microbiology laboratories. Molecular assays are significantly more sensitive than traditional culture-based and serological methods. This advantage has led to the recognition that HRV infections are common causes for not only upper airway symptoms but also more severe lower respiratory illnesses. In addition, molecular assays improve turnaround time, can be performed by technicians with ordinary skills, and can easily be automated. This chapter describes two highly sensitive and specific PCR-based methods for identifying and quantifying HRVs. The first is a two-step PCR method for the detection and typing of HRV. The second is a pan-HRV real-time quantitative (q) PCR method for measuring viral loads in respiratory samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ming Lee
- Biological Mimetics Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA,
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Lee WM, Lemanske RF, Evans MD, Vang F, Pappas T, Gangnon R, Jackson DJ, Gern JE. Human rhinovirus species and season of infection determine illness severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:886-91. [PMID: 22923659 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201202-0330oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) consist of approximately 160 types that cause a wide range of clinical outcomes, including asymptomatic infections, common colds, and severe lower respiratory illnesses. OBJECTIVES To identify factors that influence the severity of HRV illnesses. METHODS HRV species and types were determined in 1,445 nasal lavages that were prospectively collected from 209 infants participating in a birth cohort who had at least one HRV infection. Questionnaires were used during each illness to identify moderate to severe illnesses (MSI). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Altogether, 670 HRV infections were identified, and 519 of them were solitary infections (only one HRV type). These 519 viruses belonged to 93 different types of three species: 49 A, 9 B, and 35 C types. HRV-A (odds ratio, 8.2) and HRV-C (odds ratio, 7.6) were more likely to cause MSI compared with HRV-B. In addition, HRV infections were 5- to 10-fold more likely to cause MSI in the winter months (P < 0.0001) compared with summer, in contrast to peak seasonal prevalence in spring and fall. When significant differences in host susceptibility to MSI (P = 0.004) were considered, strain-specific rates of HRV MSI ranged from less than 1% to more than 20%. CONCLUSIONS Factors related to HRV species and type, season, and host susceptibility determine the risk of more severe HRV illness in infancy. These findings suggest that anti-HRV strategies should focus on HRV-A and -C species and identify the need for additional studies to determine mechanisms for seasonal increases of HRV severity, independent of viral prevalence, in cold weather months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Ming Lee
- Biological Mimetics Inc., 124 Byte Drive, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Bizzintino J, Lee WM, Laing IA, Vang F, Pappas T, Zhang G, Martin AC, Khoo SK, Cox DW, Geelhoed GC, McMinn PC, Goldblatt J, Gern JE, Le Souëf PN. Association between human rhinovirus C and severity of acute asthma in children. Eur Respir J 2010; 37:1037-42. [PMID: 20693244 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00092410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A new and potentially more pathogenic group of human rhinovirus (HRV), group C (HRVC), has recently been discovered. We hypothesised that HRVC would be present in children with acute asthma and cause more severe attacks than other viruses or HRV groups. Children with acute asthma (n = 128; age 2-16 yrs) were recruited on presentation to an emergency department. Asthma exacerbation severity was assessed, and respiratory viruses and HRV strains were identified in a nasal aspirate. The majority of the children studied had moderate-to-severe asthma (85.2%) and 98.9% were admitted to hospital. HRV was detected in 87.5% and other respiratory viruses in 14.8% of children, most of whom also had HRV. HRVC was present in the majority of children with acute asthma (59.4%) and associated with more severe asthma. Children with HRVC (n = 76) had higher asthma severity scores than children whose HRV infection was HRVA or HRVB only (n = 34; p = 0.018), and all other children (n = 50; p = 0.016). Of the 19 children with a non-HRV virus, 13 had HRV co-infections, seven of these being HRVC. HRVC accounts for the majority of asthma attacks in children presenting to hospital and causes more severe attacks than previously known HRV groups and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bizzintino
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6840, Australia.
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Olenec JP, Kim WK, Lee WM, Vang F, Pappas TE, Salazar LEP, Evans MD, Bork J, Roberg K, Lemanske RF, Gern JE. Weekly monitoring of children with asthma for infections and illness during common cold seasons. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:1001-1006.e1. [PMID: 20392488 PMCID: PMC2866802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.01.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Exacerbations of childhood asthma and rhinovirus infections both peak during the spring and fall, suggesting that viral infections are major contributors to seasonal asthma morbidity. Objectives We sought to evaluate rhinovirus infections during peak seasons in children with asthma and to analyze relationships between viral infection and illness severity. Methods Fifty-eight children aged 6 to 8 years with asthma provided 5 consecutive weekly nasal lavage samples during September and April; symptoms, medication use, and peak flow were recorded. Rhinoviruses were identified by using multiplex PCR and partial sequencing of viral genomes. Results Viruses were detected in 36% to 50% of the specimens, and 72% to 99% of the viruses were rhinoviruses. There were 52 different strains (including 16 human rhinovirus C) among the 169 rhinovirus isolates; no strains were found in more than 2 collection periods, and all but 2 children had a respiratory tract infection. Virus-positive weeks were associated with greater cold and asthma symptom severity (P < .0001 and P = .0002, respectively). Furthermore, virus-positive illnesses had increased duration and severity of cold and asthma symptoms and more frequent loss of asthma control (47% vs 22%, P = .008). Although allergen-sensitized versus nonsensitized children had the same number of viral infections, the former had 47% more symptomatic viral illnesses (1.19 vs 0.81 per month, P = .03). Conclusions Rhinovirus infections are nearly universal in children with asthma during common cold seasons, likely because of a plethora of new strains appearing each season. Illnesses associated with viruses have greater duration and severity. Finally, atopic asthmatic children experienced more frequent and severe virus-induced illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime P Olenec
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792-4108, USA
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Kloepfer K, Denmore J, Bork J, Vang F, Wolff M, Evans M, Swenson C, Gern J. Effect of Montelukast on Experimentally-Induced RV16 Infection in Volunteers with Mild Allergic Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pak JW, Vang F, Johnson C, McKenzie D, Aiken JM. MtDNA point mutations are associated with deletion mutations in aged rat. Exp Gerontol 2005; 40:209-18. [PMID: 15763398 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2004] [Revised: 12/03/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The age-dependent accumulation of point mutations in the control region of human mtDNA has been suggested to contribute to aging processes. We investigated whether mtDNA point mutations accumulate to detectable levels in this region of mtDNA from aged Fischer 344 X Brown Norway F(1) hybrid rats. The control region and a portion of the major arc region (nucleotides 4386-7707) of the mtDNA were PCR-amplified and directly sequenced from microdissected single cardiomyocytes and single skeletal muscle fibers of 36-month old rats. Point mutations were not observed in these regions of the full-length mtDNA. Point mutations were, however, associated with deletion mutations, especially in cardiac cells. Approximately 40% of the deletion mutations identified in heart contained a point mutation, whereas only 1.9% of deletion mutations in skeletal muscle contained a point mutation. Point mutations were located adjacent to the deletion breakpoints and each point mutation was unique. In aged rats, point mutations are clonally expanded only when associated with deletion events suggesting that there are important differences between rats and humans in the mechanisms that cause mtDNA abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong W Pak
- Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Zhang Z, Hao S, Vang F, Vang S, Meng Z, Vang Z. [Effect of rodents on reforestation in the moumtain regions near Beijing]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol 1998:467-70. [PMID: 9750433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From 1993 until 1995, the influence of rodents on reforestation in the mountain regions near Beijing was studied in order to estimate the pressure of rodents on the seed supply, search for effective ways to decrease the loss of seeds due to consumption by rodents, and increase seed germinating power. It was shown that acorns, apricot pits and nuts are almost entirely carried away from the soil surface by rodents, thus suggesting that rodents have a great impact on the seed supply. When the seeds were sowed at a depth of about 5 cm, many of them were not eaten by rodents; 39% of acrons and 18% of apricot pits germinated on the following year. We propose that deep sowing of seeds may effectively decrease the loss of seeds through consumption by rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
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