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Li X, Yoshioka K, Zhang Q, Peraca NM, Katsutani F, Gao W, Noe GT, Watson JD, Manfra MJ, Katayama I, Takeda J, Kono J. Observation of Photoinduced Terahertz Gain in GaAs Quantum Wells: Evidence for Radiative Two-Exciton-to-Biexciton Scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:167401. [PMID: 33124876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have observed photoinduced negative optical conductivity, or gain, in the terahertz frequency range in a GaAs multiple-quantum-well structure in a strong perpendicular magnetic field at low temperatures. The gain is narrow band: it appears as a sharp peak (linewidth <0.45 meV) whose frequency shifts with applied magnetic field. The gain has a circular-polarization selection rule: a strong line is observed for hole-cyclotron-resonance-active polarization. Furthermore, the gain appears only when the exciton 1s state is populated, which rules out intraexcitonic transitions to be its origin. Based on these observations, we propose a possible process in which the stimulated emission of a terahertz photon occurs while two free excitons scatter into one biexciton in an energy and angular-momentum conserving manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Katsumasa Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | - Fumiya Katsutani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - G Timothy Noe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - John D Watson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael J Manfra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ikufumi Katayama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Blancon JC, Stier AV, Tsai H, Nie W, Stoumpos CC, Traoré B, Pedesseau L, Kepenekian M, Katsutani F, Noe GT, Kono J, Tretiak S, Crooker SA, Katan C, Kanatzidis MG, Crochet JJ, Even J, Mohite AD. Scaling law for excitons in 2D perovskite quantum wells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2254. [PMID: 29884900 PMCID: PMC5993799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruddlesden–Popper halide perovskites are 2D solution-processed quantum wells with a general formula A2A’n-1MnX3n+1, where optoelectronic properties can be tuned by varying the perovskite layer thickness (n-value), and have recently emerged as efficient semiconductors with technologically relevant stability. However, fundamental questions concerning the nature of optical resonances (excitons or free carriers) and the exciton reduced mass, and their scaling with quantum well thickness, which are critical for designing efficient optoelectronic devices, remain unresolved. Here, using optical spectroscopy and 60-Tesla magneto-absorption supported by modeling, we unambiguously demonstrate that the optical resonances arise from tightly bound excitons with both exciton reduced masses and binding energies decreasing, respectively, from 0.221 m0 to 0.186 m0 and from 470 meV to 125 meV with increasing thickness from n equals 1 to 5. Based on this study we propose a general scaling law to determine the binding energy of excitons in perovskite quantum wells of any layer thickness. Hybrid 2D layered perovskites are solution-processed quantum wells whose optoelectronic properties are tunable by varying the thickness of the inorganic slab. Here Blancon et al. work out a general behavior for dependence of the excitonic properties in layered 2D perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Blancon
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - A V Stier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - H Tsai
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - W Nie
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - C C Stoumpos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - B Traoré
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - L Pedesseau
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - M Kepenekian
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - F Katsutani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - G T Noe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - J Kono
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - S Tretiak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - S A Crooker
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - C Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - M G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - J J Crochet
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - J Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - A D Mohite
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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Yanagi K, Okada R, Ichinose Y, Yomogida Y, Katsutani F, Gao W, Kono J. Intersubband plasmons in the quantum limit in gated and aligned carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1121. [PMID: 29549341 PMCID: PMC5856781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03381-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Confined electrons collectively oscillate in response to light, resulting in a plasmon resonance whose frequency is determined by the electron density and the size and shape of the confinement structure. Plasmons in metallic particles typically occur in the classical regime where the characteristic quantum level spacing is negligibly small compared to the plasma frequency. In doped semiconductor quantum wells, quantum plasmon excitations can be observed, where the quantization energy exceeds the plasma frequency. Such intersubband plasmons occur in the mid- and far-infrared ranges and exhibit a variety of dynamic many-body effects. Here, we report the observation of intersubband plasmons in carbon nanotubes, where both the quantization and plasma frequencies are larger than those of typical quantum wells by three orders of magnitude. As a result, we observed a pronounced absorption peak in the near-infrared. Specifically, we observed the near-infrared plasmon peak in gated films of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes only for probe light polarized perpendicular to the nanotube axis and only when carriers are present either in the conduction or valence band. Both the intensity and frequency of the peak were found to increase with the carrier density, consistent with the plasmonic nature of the resonance. Our observation of gate-controlled quantum plasmons in aligned carbon nanotubes will not only pave the way for the development of carbon-based near-infrared optoelectronic devices but also allow us to study the collective dynamic response of interacting electrons in one dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yanagi
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Ryotaro Okada
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yota Ichinose
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yohei Yomogida
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Fumiya Katsutani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
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Noe GT, Katayama I, Katsutani F, Allred JJ, Horowitz JA, Sullivan DM, Zhang Q, Sekiguchi F, Woods GL, Hoffmann MC, Nojiri H, Takeda J, Kono J. Single-shot terahertz time-domain spectroscopy in pulsed high magnetic fields. Opt Express 2016; 24:30328-30337. [PMID: 28059309 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a single-shot terahertz time-domain spectrometer to perform optical-pump/terahertz-probe experiments in pulsed, high magnetic fields up to 30 T. The single-shot detection scheme for measuring a terahertz waveform incorporates a reflective echelon to create time-delayed beamlets across the intensity profile of the optical gate beam before it spatially and temporally overlaps with the terahertz radiation in a ZnTe detection crystal. After imaging the gate beam onto a camera, we can retrieve the terahertz time-domain waveform by analyzing the resulting image. To demonstrate the utility of our technique, we measured cyclotron resonance absorption of optically excited carriers in the terahertz frequency range in intrinsic silicon at high magnetic fields, with results that agree well with published values.
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