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Abstract
The resistance of bacterial biofilms to physical and chemical agents is attributed in the literature to various interconnected processes. The limitation of mass transfer alters the growth rate, and physiological changes in the bacteria in the film also appear. The present work describes an approach to determination of the mechanisms involved in the resistance of bacteria to quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride) according to the C-chain lengths of those compounds. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP A 22, the level of resistance of the bacteria in the biofilm relative to that of planktonic bacteria increased with the C-chain length. For cells within the biofilm, the exopolysaccharide induced a characteristic increase in surface hydrophilicity. However, this hydrophilicity was eliminated by simple resuspension and washing. The sensitivity to quaternary ammonium compounds was restored to over 90%. Staphylococcus aureus CIP 53 154 had a very high level of resistance when it was in the biofilm form. A characteristic of bacteria from the biofilm was a reduction in the percent hydrophobicity, but the essential point is that this hydrophobicity was retained after the biofilm bacteria were resuspended and washed. The recovery of sensitivity was thus only partial. These results indicate that the factors involved in biofilm resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds vary according to the bacterial modifications induced by the formation of a biofilm. In the case of P. aeruginosa, we have underlined the involvement of the exopolysaccharide and particularly the three-dimensional structure (water channels). In the case of S. aureus, the role of the three-dimensional structure is limited and drastic physiological changes in the biofilm cells are more highly implicated in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campanac
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Virologie et Microbiologie Industrielle, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31062 Toulouse cedex 04, France
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Anastassiadou M, Danoun S, Crane L, Baziard-Mouysset G, Payard M, Caignard DH, Rettori MC, Renard P. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of imidazoline sites I1 and I2 selective ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:585-92. [PMID: 11310592 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00280-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several series of 2-aryl or heterocyclic-imidazoline compounds have been prepared and evaluated in vitro as imidazoline sites (I1 and I2) and alpha-adrenergic (alpha1 and alpha2) receptor ligands. Their pKi values indicate that linkage of the imidazoline moiety at the 2-position with an aromatic substituent dramatically decreases alpha-adrenergic affinity. I1 sites are more accessible by phenyl imidazolines substituted by a methyl or a methoxy group at the ortho or meta position. Indeed, 2-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-imidazoline (17) is one of the best I1 ligands ever reported (pKi = 8.53 and I1/I2 > 3388). On the other hand, I2 selectivity increases in the presence of a methyl group in the para position. The original compound, 2-(3'-fluoro-4'-tolyl)-imidazoline (31) is a new potent ligand for the I2 sites with high selectivity (pKi = 8.53 and I2/I1 > 3388).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anastassiadou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Université Paul Sabatier, Faculté de Pharmacie 35, Toulouse, France
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3
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Younes-El-Hage S, Labssita Y, Baziard-Mouysset G, Payard M, Caignard DH, Rubat C. [Synthesis and antidepressive activity study of aryl and heteroaryl carboxamides of benzylpiperazine]. Ann Pharm Fr 2000; 58:254-9. [PMID: 10915973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 44 original amide derivatives of benzylpiperazine and some analogues of befuraline and piberaline is reported. All compounds have been tested as antidepressive agents. According to the tests, amides 1, 24 and mainly 31 (dihydrobefuraline) seem to provide elevated antidepressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Younes-El-Hage
- Chimie Pharmaceutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 35 Chemin des Maraîchers, F-31400 Toulouse
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4
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Younes S, Labssita Y, Baziard-Mouysset G, Payard M, Rettori M, Renard P, Pfeiffer B, Caignard D. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel arylalkyl 4-benzyl piperazine derivatives as sigma site selective ligands. Eur J Med Chem 2000; 35:107-21. [PMID: 10733608 DOI: 10.1016/s0223-5234(00)00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Continuing our previous work that established that some chromones substituted by an aryl alkyl piperazino alkyl side chain are potent and selective sigma ligands and could be interesting in the treatment of psychosis, we synthesized 60 new compounds, replacing the chromone moiety by various cyclic systems. Many derivatives bind to the sigma sites in the nanomolar range and are generally selective in comparison with 5HT(1A) and the D(2) receptors. One of the most potent ligands of these series, 1-(2-naphthyl methyl)-4-benzyl piperazine 29, has been studied in various pharmacological tests. Although it doesn't have potential in the treatment of psychosis, the results we obtained confirm the data which indicates that such derivatives could be interesting in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Younes
- Laboratoire de chimie pharmaceutique, faculté de pharmacie, 35, chemin des Maraîchers, 31062, Toulouse, France
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Riah O, Dousset JC, Courriere P, Stigliani JL, Baziard-Mouysset G, Belahsen Y. Evidence that nicotine acetylcholine receptors are not the main targets of cotinine toxicity. Toxicol Lett 1999; 109:21-9. [PMID: 10514027 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity of nicotine, cotinine and their mixtures was studied in Mus musculus mice as well their effects on growth after repetitive administration to young mice. The affinity constants of the two alkaloids for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of Torpedo and rat brain membranes were determined. The administration of these alkaloids produced distinct symptoms of intoxication. Nicotine was 100-fold more toxic than cotinine and 10-fold more rapid than cotinine at producing respiratory arrest. The affinity of nicotine for both subtypes of nAChRs was > 100-fold higher than that of cotinine. Repetitive administrations of nicotine caused weight loss, whereas that of cotinine caused weight gain (P < 0.01). The administration of the two alkaloids as mixtures to mice caused significantly (P < 0.01) higher mortality than theoretically expected. Furthermore, hexamethonium pretreatment reduced by 2-fold (P < 0.01) the toxicity of nicotine but enhanced by 1.6-fold (P < 0.01) that of cotinine and was without effects on toxicity of mixtures. We suggest that nAChRs are not the main targets of cotinine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Riah
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes d'Action des Nicotianées, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Toulouse, France
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6
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Selkti M, Tomas A, Viossat B, Baziard-Mouysset G, Prangé T. Crystal structure of tetrakis (μ-acetato)-bis[5-nitro-2-(chromone-2-carboxylamìno)- 13-thiazole]dìrhodìum(II) dichloroform solvate, Rh2(C2H3O2)4(C13H7N3O5S)2 2CHCl3. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 1997. [DOI: 10.1524/ncrs.1997.212.1.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Baziard-Mouysset G, Rached A, Younes S, Tournaire C, Stigliani JL, Payard M, Yavo JC, Advenier C. Synthesis and in vitro bronchospasmolytic activity of 8-aryl, heteroaryl or arylalkyl theophyllines. Eur J Med Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(96)88233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Younes S, Baziard-Mouysset G, Stigliani JL, Payard M, Bonnafous R, Tisne-Versailles J. [Diethyl benzylpiperazinomethyl and benzylpiperazinomethylbenzyl phosphonates as calcium inhibitors]. J Pharm Belg 1994; 49:119-25. [PMID: 8035302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Two sets of phosphonic diethylester including a substituted benzylpiperazine moiety are synthesized. In spite of the spasmolytic or the calcium antagonistic potentialities of benzylpiperazine and phosphonic moieties, none of the six compounds, tested in vitro, exhibit any calcium antagonistic profile.
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Baziard-Mouysset G, Ane-Margail M, Stigliani JL, Payard M, Verscheure Y, Tisne-Versailles J. [The beta-adrenolytic activity of new arylmethyloxypropanolamine analogs of dioxadilol]. J Pharm Belg 1994; 49:126-32. [PMID: 7913492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of arylmethyloxypropanolamines structurally related to Dioxadilol has been synthesized and tested for their beta adrenolytic activity. Only one compound, the benzofuranic derivative 3c, exhibited a similar activity as Dioxadilol but was less potent than propranolol.
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Tchani G, Baziard-Mouysset G, Stigliani JL, Payard M, Bonnafous R, Tisne-Versailles J. Influence of the vinyl group on the calcium antagonistic activity of analogues of Fostedil. Pharm Acta Helv 1994; 68:173-9. [PMID: 8121926 DOI: 10.1016/0031-6865(94)90040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Four aryl vinyl diethyl benzylphosphonates related to Fostedil were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro calcium-inhibitory activity. None of these compounds exhibited any calcium antagonistic profile. Unlike a series of diethyl-styryl benzylphosphonates, previously described, the presence of two aromatic rings linked by a vinyl group did not improve the calcium antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tchani
- Laboratoires Pierre Fabre, Castres, France
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12
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Younes S, Tchani G, Baziard-Mouysset G, Stigliani JL, Payard M, Bonnafous R, Tisne-Versailles J. Synthesis and calcium antagonistic activity of diethyl styrylbenzylphosphonates. Eur J Med Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(94)90204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Caujolle R, Baziard-Mouysset G, Favrot JD, Payard M, Loiseau PR, Amarouch H, Linas MD, Seguela JP, Loiseau PM, Bories C, Gayral P. Synthèse, activités anti-parasitaire et anti-fongique d'arylalkyl- et d'arylvinylthiazolines. Eur J Med Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(93)90076-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Baziard-Mouysset G, Tchani GW, Stigliani JL, Payard M, Bonnafous R, Tisne-Versailles J. Synthesis and calcium antagonistic activity of a series of diethyl benzofuryl, benzothienyl and benzogammapyronyl benzylphosphonates. Eur J Med Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0223-5234(93)90084-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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