Esterification of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) mediated by its tetrabutylammonium salt

Derivatization of γ-PGA as TBA salt assists its chemical manipulation into poly(α-alkyl-γ-glutamate)s.

[Evaluation of the financial participation of the users of 102 health services in 3 districts of Senegal]

Primary Health Care (PHC) financing is today one of the major concern of public health system managers in developing countries. Their governments never allocated appropriate and sufficient resources to the sector of PHC. The external donors' funds are mostly allocated to short term PHC projects. They stop with the end of the projects. The undesirable consequences of that situation are well known. They are mainly related to a persistence of high rate of mortality and morbidity due to preventable diseases. To better address that situation the health ministers of the WHO african region adopted in September 1987 in Mali the Bamako alternative, to the country economical situation, for PHC services financing. It permitted to finance up to 80% of the recurrent costs of health system of Pikine department in 1980. In the three pilot districts where the Bamako initiative strategy has been tested: Podor, Matam and Bignona, all of the one hundred and two (102) health posts are self financed for their recurrent costs, since 1992.