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Borghesani AF, Carugno G, Messineo G, Pazzini J. Electron thermalization length in solid para-hydrogen at low-temperature. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:104501. [PMID: 37694752 DOI: 10.1063/5.0163776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the first ever measurements of the thermalization length of low-energy electrons injected into solid para-hydrogen at a temperature T ≈ 2.8 K. The use of the pulsed Townsend photoinjection technique has allowed us to investigate the behavior of quasi-free electrons rather than of massive, slow negative charges, as reported in all previous literature. We have found an average thermalization length ⟨z0⟩ = 26.1 nm, which is three to five times longer than that in liquid helium at the same temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Borghesani
- CNISM Unit, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Padova and Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Sez. Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Sez. Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - G Messineo
- Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Sez. Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - J Pazzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Industrial Engineering, and Department of Information Engineering, Università degli Studi di Padova and Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare, Sez. Padova, Padova, Italy
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2
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Alesini D, Babusci D, Braggio C, Carugno G, Crescini N, D’Agostino D, D’Elia A, Di Gioacchino D, Di Vora R, Falferi P, Gambardella U, Gatti C, Iannone G, Ligi C, Lombardi A, Maccarrone G, Ortolan A, Pengo R, Rettaroli A, Ruoso G, Taffarello L, Tocci S. Search for Galactic axions with a high-
Q
dielectric cavity. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Alesini D, Braggio C, Carugno G, Crescini N, D'Agostino D, Di Gioacchino D, Di Vora R, Falferi P, Gambardella U, Gatti C, Iannone G, Ligi C, Lombardi A, Maccarrone G, Ortolan A, Pengo R, Pira C, Rettaroli A, Ruoso G, Taffarello L, Tocci S. High quality factor photonic cavity for dark matter axion searches. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:094701. [PMID: 33003802 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Searches for dark matter axions involve the use of microwave resonant cavities operating in a strong magnetic field. Detector sensitivity is directly related to the cavity quality factor, which is limited, until recently, to the use of non-superconducting metals by the presence of the external magnetic field. In this paper, we present a cavity of novel design whose quality factor is not affected by a magnetic field. It is based on a photonic structure by the use of sapphire rods. The quality factor at cryogenic temperature is in excess of 5 × 105 for a selected mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alesini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - C Braggio
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - N Crescini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D D'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - D Di Gioacchino
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - R Di Vora
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Falferi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, Fondazione Bruno Kessler and INFN - TIFPA, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - U Gambardella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Gatti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G Iannone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Ligi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - A Lombardi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - G Maccarrone
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - A Ortolan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - R Pengo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - C Pira
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - A Rettaroli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - G Ruoso
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale Dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - L Taffarello
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Tocci
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
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4
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Antonini P, Borsato E, Carugno G, Dal Corso F, Facco A, Fanin C, Gallo CS, Galatá A, Gobbo R, La Torre L, Montecassiano F, Pegoraro M, Poggi M, Zotto P. Comparison of the performance of a high voltage generator insulated by gas or liquid dielectric. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:074712. [PMID: 32752818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A module of a wireless high voltage generator was tested immersed in both gaseous and liquid environments providing electrical insulation. The overall performance of the module as well as a detailed performance of the key components are reported, and a comparison between the results in gas and liquid is given. The tests performed on the liquid dielectric show that it is a valid alternative to high pressure gas electrical insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antonini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell' Università 2, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - E Borsato
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Dal Corso
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Facco
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell' Università 2, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - C Fanin
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C S Gallo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell' Università 2, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - A Galatá
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell' Università 2, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - R Gobbo
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Via Gradenigo 6A, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L La Torre
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell' Università 2, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | | | - M Pegoraro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Poggi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell' Università 2, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy
| | - P Zotto
- Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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5
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Crescini N, Alesini D, Braggio C, Carugno G, D'Agostino D, Di Gioacchino D, Falferi P, Gambardella U, Gatti C, Iannone G, Ligi C, Lombardi A, Ortolan A, Pengo R, Ruoso G, Taffarello L. Axion Search with a Quantum-Limited Ferromagnetic Haloscope. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:171801. [PMID: 32412290 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.171801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A ferromagnetic axion haloscope searches for dark matter in the form of axions by exploiting their interaction with electronic spins. It is composed of an axion-to-electromagnetic field transducer coupled to a sensitive rf detector. The former is a photon-magnon hybrid system, and the latter is based on a quantum-limited Josephson parametric amplifier. The hybrid system consists of ten 2.1 mm diameter yttrium iron garnet spheres coupled to a single microwave cavity mode by means of a static magnetic field. Our setup is the most sensitive rf spin magnetometer ever realized. The minimum detectable field is 5.5×10^{-19} T with 9 h integration time, corresponding to a limit on the axion-electron coupling constant g_{aee}≤1.7×10^{-11} at 95% C.L. The scientific run of our haloscope resulted in the best limit on dark matter axions to electron coupling constant in a frequency span of about 120 MHz, corresponding to the axion-mass range 42.4-43.1 μeV. This is also the first apparatus to perform a wide axion-mass scanning by only changing the static magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Crescini
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D Alesini
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Roma, Italy
| | - C Braggio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- INFN-Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D D'Agostino
- INFN-Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - D Di Gioacchino
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Roma, Italy
| | - P Falferi
- IFN-CNR, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, and INFN-TIFPA, Via alla Cascata 56, 38123 Povo (TN), Italy
| | - U Gambardella
- INFN-Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - C Gatti
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Roma, Italy
| | - G Iannone
- INFN-Sezione di Napoli, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - C Ligi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi 40, 00044 Roma, Italy
| | - A Lombardi
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - A Ortolan
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - R Pengo
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - G Ruoso
- INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - L Taffarello
- INFN-Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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6
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Guarise M, Braggio C, Calabrese R, Carugno G, Dainelli A, Khanbekyan A, Luppi E, Mariotti E, Poggi M, Tomassetti L. Experimental setup for the growth of solid crystals of inert gases for particle detection. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:113303. [PMID: 29195346 DOI: 10.1063/1.5003296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low energy threshold detectors are necessary in many frontier fields of the experimental physics. In this work, we present a novel detection approach based on pure or doped matrices of inert gases solidified at cryogenic temperatures. The small energy release of the incident particle can be transferred directly (in pure crystals) or through a laser-driven ionization (in doped materials) to the electrons of the medium that are then converted into free electrons. The charge collection process of the electrons that consists in their drift within the crystal and their extraction through the solid-vacuum interface gives rise to an electric signal that we exploit for preliminary tests of charge collection and crystal quality. Such tests are carried out in different matrices of neon and methane using an UV-assisted apparatus for electron injection in crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Guarise
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Braggio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and INFN Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and INFN Sezione di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A Dainelli
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Khanbekyan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Mariotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente and INFN Siena, Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Poggi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - L Tomassetti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, Via G. Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
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7
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Braggio C, Carugno G, Guarise M, Ortolan A, Ruoso G. Optical Manipulation of a Magnon-Photon Hybrid System. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:107205. [PMID: 28339224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.107205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-optical method for manipulating the magnetization in a 1-mm yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) sphere placed in a ∼0.17 T uniform magnetic field. A harmonic of the frequency comb delivered by a multi-GHz infrared laser source is tuned to the Larmor frequency of the YIG sphere to drive magnetization oscillations, which in turn give rise to a radiation field used to thoroughly investigate the phenomenon. The radiation damping issue that occurs at high frequency and in the presence of highly magnetizated materials has been overcome by exploiting the magnon-photon strong coupling regime in microwave cavities. Our findings demonstrate an effective technique for ultrafast control of the magnetization vector in optomagnetic materials via polarization rotation and intensity modulation of an incident laser beam. We eventually get a second-order susceptibility value of ∼10^{-7} cm^{2}/MW for single crystal YIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Braggio
- Dip. di Fisica e Astronomia and INFN, Sez di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- Dip. di Fisica e Astronomia and INFN, Sez di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Guarise
- Dip. di Fisica e Astronomia and INFN, Sez di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 8, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Ortolan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - G Ruoso
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, I-35020 Legnaro, Italy
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8
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Antonini P, Benato A, Borsato E, Carugno G, Gobbo R, Montecassiano F, Pegoraro M, Pesavento G, Zago M, Zotto P. Realization of a high voltage generator by series connection of floating modules. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:025113. [PMID: 28249465 DOI: 10.1063/1.4976554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A high voltage generator built by a series connection of 100 kV modules was produced. The series connection feasibility is ensured by the inherent floating character of each module which is wireless powered by high efficiency photovoltaic cells illuminated by a laser system. Each module is equipped with a control and monitoring board allowing excellent stabilization of the high voltage output. The performance of the system in terms of reliability, stability, and efficiency was evaluated. In particular using a three module setup, we achieved a maximum voltage of 234 kV with stability better than 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antonini
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (Padova), Italy
| | - A Benato
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - E Borsato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Carugno
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Gobbo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6A, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - M Pegoraro
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Pesavento
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6A, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Zago
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Zotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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9
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Ruoso G, Lombardi A, Ortolan A, Pengo R, Braggio C, Carugno G, Gallo CS, Speake CC. The QUAX proposal: a search of galactic axion with magnetic materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/718/4/042051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Borghesani AF, Braggio C, Carugno G. Generation of microwave radiation by nonlinear interaction of a high-power, high-repetition rate, 1064 nm laser in KTiOPO4 crystals. Opt Lett 2013; 38:4465-4468. [PMID: 24177120 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of microwave (RF) generation in the centimeter band accomplished by irradiating a nonlinear KTiOPO4 crystal with a home-made, infrared laser at 1064 nm as a result of optical rectification. The laser delivers pulse trains of duration up to 1 μs. Each train consists of several high-intensity pulses at an adjustable repetition rate of approximately 4.6 GHz. The duration of the generated RF pulses is determined by that of the pulse trains. We have investigated both microwave- and second harmonic generation as a function of the laser intensity and of the orientation of the laser polarization with respect to the crystallographic axes of KTP.
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11
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Antonini P, Borsato E, Carugno G, Pegoraro M, Zotto P. A modular optically powered floating high voltage generator. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:024701. [PMID: 23464232 DOI: 10.1063/1.4790420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of fully floating high voltage (HV) generation was demonstrated producing a prototype of a modular HV system. The primary power source is provided by a high efficiency semiconductor power cell illuminated by a laser system ensuring the floating nature of each module. The HV is then generated by dc-dc conversion and a HV multiplier. The possibility of series connection among modules was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Antonini
- Centro Ricerche E. Fermi, Piazza Viminale 1, 00184 Roma, Italy
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12
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Agnesi A, Braggio C, Carugno G, Valle FD, Galeazzi G, Messineo G, Pirzio F, Reali G, Ruoso G. A laser system for the parametric amplification of electromagnetic fields in a microwave cavity. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:115107. [PMID: 22129013 DOI: 10.1063/1.3659950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe recent improvements in the development of the high power laser system used in the motion induced radiation (MIR) experiment to amplify electromagnetic fields inside a microwave cavity. The improvements made on the oscillator stabilization, the pulse train shaping device, and the spatial beam uniformity are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agnesi
- INFN, Sez. di Pavia, Via U. Bassi 6, and Dip. di Elettronica, Univ. di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Barcellan L, Berto E, Carugno G, Galet G, Galeazzi G, Borghesani AF. A battery-operated, stabilized, high-energy pulsed electron gun for the production of rare gas excimers. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:095103. [PMID: 21974615 DOI: 10.1063/1.3636078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design of a new type of hot-filament electron gun delivering fairly high current (a few hundreds of μ A) at high voltage (up to 100 kV) in continuous or pulsed mode. Its novel features are that the filament is heated by means of a pack of rechargeable batteries floated atop the high-voltage power supply in order to get rid of bulky isolation transformers, and that the filament current and, hence, the electron gun current, is controlled by a feedback circuit including a superluminescent diode decoupled from the high voltage by means of an optical fiber. This electron gun is intended for general purposes, although we have especially developed it to meet the needs of our experiment on the infrared emission spectroscopy of rare gas excimers. Our experiment requires that the charge injection into the sample is pulsed and constant and stable in time. The new electron gun can deliver several tens of nC per pulse of electrons of energy up to 100 keV into the sample cell. The new design also eliminates ripples in the emission current and ensures up to 12 h of stable performance.
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14
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Bressi G, Carugno G, Onofrio R, Ruoso G. Measurement of the Casimir force between parallel metallic surfaces. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:041804. [PMID: 11801108 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.041804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the measurement of the Casimir force between conducting surfaces in a parallel configuration. The force is exerted between a silicon cantilever coated with chromium and a similar rigid surface and is detected by looking at the shifts induced in the cantilever frequency when the latter is approached. The scaling of the force with the distance between the surfaces was tested in the 0.5-3.0 microm range, and the related force coefficient was determined at the 15% precision level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bressi
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, Pavia, Italy 27100
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15
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Borghesani AF, Bressi G, Carugno G, Conti E, Iannuzzi D. Infrared fluorescence of Xe2 molecules in electron/proton beam excited pure Xe gas and in an Ar/Xe gas mixture. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1398307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bakalov D, Brandi F, Cantatore G, Carugno G, Carusotto S, Valle FD, Riva AMD, Gastaldi U, Iacopini E, Micossi P, Milotti E, Onofrio R, Pengo R, Perrone F, Petrucci G, Polacco E, Rizzo C, Ruoso G, Zavattini E, Zavattini G. Experimental method to detect the magnetic birefringence of vacuum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/1355-5111/10/1/027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Bakalov D, Cantatore G, Carugno G, Carusotto S, Favaron P, Della Valle F, Gabrielli I, Gastaldi U, Iacopini E, Micossi P, Milotti E, Onofrio R, Pengo R, Perrone F, Petrucci G, Polacco E, Rizzo C, Ruoso G, Zavattini E, Zavattini G. PVLAS: Vacuum Birefringence and production and detection of nearly massless, weakly coupled particles by optical techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0920-5632(94)90243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Borghesani A, Carugno G, Santini M. Experimental determination of the conduction band of excess electrons in liquid Ar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1109/14.83680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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