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Atkins R, Benbow W, Berley D, Blaufuss E, Coyne DG, DeYoung T, Dingus BL, Dorfan DE, Ellsworth RW, Fleysher L, Fleysher R, Gisler G, Gonzalez MM, Goodman JA, Haines TJ, Hays E, Hoffman CM, Kelley LA, Lansdell CP, Linnemann JT, McEnery JE, Miller RS, Mincer AI, Morales MF, Nemethy P, Noyes D, Ryan JM, Samuelson FW, Parkinson PMS, Shoup A, Sinnis G, Smith AJ, Sullivan GW, Williams DA, Wilson ME, Xu XW, Yodh GB. Evidence for TeV gamma-ray emission from a region of the galactic plane. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:251103. [PMID: 16384445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.251103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 10/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-ray emission from a narrow band at the galactic equator has previously been detected up to 30 GeV. We report evidence for a TeV gamma-ray signal from a region of the galactic plane by Milagro, a large-field-of-view water Cherenkov detector for extensive air showers. An excess with a significance of 4.5 standard deviations has been observed from the region of galactic longitude l E (40 degrees, 100 degrees) and latitude /b/ < 5 degrees. Under the assumption of a simple power law spectrum, with no cutoff in the EGRET-Milagro energy range, the measured integral flux is phi gamma(>3.5 TeV) = (6.4 +/- 1.4 +/- 2.1) x 10(-11) cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1). This flux is consistent with an extrapolation of the EGRET spectrum between 1 and 30 GeV in this galactic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Atkins
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Atkins R, Benbow W, Berley D, Chen ML, Coyne DG, Dingus BL, Dorfan DE, Ellsworth RW, Evans D, Falcone A, Fleysher L, Fleysher R, Gisler G, Goodman JA, Haines TJ, Hoffman CM, Hugenberger S, Kelley LA, Leonor I, McConnell M, McCullough JF, McEnery JE, Miller RS, Mincer AI, Morales MF, Nemethy P, Ryan JM, Shen B, Shoup A, Sinnis C, Smith AJ, Sullivan GW, Tumer T, Wang K, Wascko MO, Westerhoff S, Williams DA, Yang T, Yodh GB. Evidence for TeV Emission from GRB 970417a. Astrophys J 2000; 533:L119-L122. [PMID: 10770704 DOI: 10.1086/312629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/1999] [Accepted: 03/03/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Milagrito, a detector sensitive to very high energy gamma rays, monitored the northern sky from 1997 February through 1998 May. With a large field of view and a high duty cycle, this instrument was well suited to perform a search for TeV gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We report on a search made for TeV counterparts to GRBs observed by BATSE. BATSE detected 54 GRBs within the field of view of Milagrito during this period. An excess of events coincident in time and space with one of these bursts, GRB 970417a, was observed by Milagrito. The excess has a chance probability of 2.8x10-5 of being a fluctuation of the background. The probability for observing an excess at least this large from any of the 54 bursts is 1.5x10-3. No significant correlations were detected from the other bursts.
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Akerlof C, Balsano R, Barthelmy S, Bloch J, Butterworth P, Casperson D, Cline T, Fletcher S, Frontera F, Gisler G, Heise J, Hills J, Hurley K, Kehoe R, Lee B, Marshall S, McKay T, Pawl A, Piro L, Szymanski J, Wren J. Prompt Optical Observations of Gamma-Ray Bursts. Astrophys J 2000; 532:L25-L28. [PMID: 10702124 DOI: 10.1086/312567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Robotic Optical Transient Search Experiment (ROTSE) seeks to measure simultaneous and early afterglow optical emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). A search for optical counterparts to six GRBs with localization errors of 1 deg2 or better produced no detections. The earliest limiting sensitivity is mROTSE>13.1 at 10.85 s (5 s exposure) after the gamma-ray rise, and the best limit is mROTSE>16.0 at 62 minutes (897 s exposure). These are the most stringent limits obtained for the GRB optical counterpart brightness in the first hour after the burst. Consideration of the gamma-ray fluence and peak flux for these bursts and for GRB 990123 indicates that there is not a strong positive correlation between optical flux and gamma-ray emission.
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Atkins R, Benbow W, Berley D, Chen ML, Coyne DG, Delay RS, Dingus BL, Dorfan DE, Ellsworth RW, Espinoza C, Evans D, Falcone A, Fleysher L, Fleysher R, Gisler G, Goodman JA, Haines TJ, Hoffman CM, Hugenberger S, Kelley LA, Leonor I, McConnell M, McCullough JF, McEnery JE, Miller RS, Mincer AI, Morales MF, Murray MM, Nemethy P, Ryan JM, Schneider M, Shen B, Shoup A, Sinnis C, Smith AJ, Sullivan GW, Thompson TN, Tumer T, Wang K, Wascko MO, Westerhoff S, Williams DA, Yang T, Yodh GB. TeV Observations of Markarian 501 with the Milagrito Water Cerenkov Detector. Astrophys J 1999; 525:L25-L28. [PMID: 10511505 DOI: 10.1086/312332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Milagrito water Cerenkov detector near Los Alamos, New Mexico, was operated as a sky monitor at energies of a few TeV between 1997 February and 1998 May, including the period of the strong, long-lasting 1997 flare of Markarian 501. Milagrito served as a test run for the full Milagro detector. An event excess with a significance of 3.7 sigma from Markarian 501 was observed, in agreement with expectations.
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Akerlof C, Balsano R, Barthelmy S, Bloch J, Butterworth P, Casperson D, Cline T, Fletcher S, Frontera F, Gisler G, Heise J, Hills J, Kehoe R, Lee B, Marshall S, McKay T, Miller R, Piro L, Priedhorsky W, Szymanski J, Wren J. Observation of contemporaneous optical radiation from a γ-ray burst. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/18837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shen BC, Berley D, Cavalli-Sforza M, Chen M, Coyne D, Delay S, Dingus B, Dorfan D, Ellsworth R, Espinosa C, Fleyesher R, Fleyesher L, Gisler G, Goodman J, Haines T, Hoffman C, Hugenberger S, Kelley L, Leonor I, Macri J, McConnell M, McCullough J, Miller R, Mincer A, Murray M, Nemethy P, Ryan J, Schneider M, Shen B, Shoup A, Sinnis C, Smith A, Sullivan G, Thompson T, Tumer T, Wang K, Wascko M, Westerhoff S, Williams D, Yang T, Yodh G. High energy gamma ray astroparticle physics with milagro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5632(98)00379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vrticka K, Graf K, Bally E, Gisler G, Birrer E. [Velo-pharyngeal closure before and after adenotomy and tonsillectomy]. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1976; 38 Suppl 1:108-13. [PMID: 1034252 DOI: 10.1159/000275322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Prior to and after removal of the tonsils and adenoids at the ENT clinic in Lucerne, phoniatric and X-ray examinations were performed in 42 children with normal velo-pharyngeal closure. Prior to the operation the velo-pharyngeal closure took place against the adenoid tissue. The surface of contact and the inclinatation of the velum were dependent on the amount of hyperplastic adenoid tissue. The configuration and the mobility of the velum were more important for the post-operative velo-pharyngeal closure than the distance from the pharyngeal wall. 3 months following the operation the velum was reaching the posterior pharyngeal wall. A distinct Passavant ridge was only visible in cases having slight difficulties in the post-operative adaptation of the velo-pharyngeal closure.
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Stöckli P, Gisler G. [Results of supplementary orthodontic treatment in scoliosis patients during orthopedic therapy by the traction brace]. Dtsch Zahn Mund Kieferheilkd Zentralbl Gesamte 1969; 52:1-27. [PMID: 5267168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Stöckli P, Hotz R, Gisler G, Scheier H. [Effects of scoliosis therapy with extension braces on the jaw-facial region]. SSO Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnheilkd 1967; 77:1029-57. [PMID: 5252657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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