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Smith MK, Chow J, Huang R, Omar M, Ebadi M, Wong P, Huard G, Yoshida EM, Peretz D, Brahmania M, Montano-Loza AJ, Bhanji R. A224 COVID-19 INFECTION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS: CLINICAL FEATURES, HOSPITALIZATION, AND MORTALITY FROM A CANADIAN MULTICENTRE COHORT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859339 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to clinicians caring for liver transplant (LT) recipients. Researchers have sought to better understand the risk and clinical outcomes of LT recipients infected with COVID-19 globally, however, there is a paucity of data from within Canada.
Aims
Our multi-center study aims to examine the characteristics and clinical outcomes of LT patients with COVID-19 in Canada.
Methods
We identified a retrospective cohort of adult LT recipients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 from 7 Canadian tertiary care centers between March 2020 and June 2021. Demographic and clinical data were compiled by clinicians within those centers. We identified liver enzyme profile at the time of COVID-19 infection, immunosuppression type and post-infection adjustments, rate of hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death.
Results
A total of 49 patients with a history of LT and COVID-19 infection were identified. Twenty nine patients (59%) were male, the median time from LT was 66 months (1, 128) and the median age at COVID-19 infection was 59 years (52, 65). At COVID-19 diagnosis, the median ALT was 37 U/L (21, 41), AST U/L was 34 (20, 37), ALP U/L was 156 (88, 156), Total Bilirubin was 11 umol/L (7, 14), and INR was 1.1 (1.0, 1.1). The majority of patients (92%) were on tacrolimus monotherapy or a combination of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF); median tacrolimus level at COVID-19 diagnosis was 5.3 ug/L (4.0, 8.1). Immunosuppression was modified in 8 (16%) patients post-infection; either the tacrolimus dose was reduced or MMF was held. One patient developed acute cellular rejection which recovered after re-initiation of the prior regimen. Eighteen patients (37%) required hospitalization, 6 (12%) were treated with dexamethasone, and 3 (6%) required ICU admission and mechanical ventilation. Four patients (8%) died due to complications of COVID-19. On univariate analysis, neither age, sex, co-morbidities nor duration post-transplant were associated with risk of hospitalization.
Conclusions
In our national retrospective study, approximately 40% of patients required hospitalization with a mortality rate of < 10%. Previous studies have shown proximity to LT as an independent factor for mortality with COVID-19; the median time from LT for our patients was 5 years, which may explain the lower mortality rate. Of note, the median tacrolimus levels were much lower in comparison to the target of 8–10 ug/L used in the first year post-transplant. As the landscape of COVID-19 changes with vaccination, evolving treatments, and increasing rates of variant transmission, additional studies are required to continue identifying trends in clinical outcomes.
Funding Agencies
None
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Smith
- University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - J Chow
- University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Omar
- The University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Ebadi
- University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - P Wong
- Gastroenterology, McGill University, Brossard, QC, Canada
| | - G Huard
- Liver diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - E M Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D Peretz
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - A J Montano-Loza
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - R Bhanji
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Lanthier L, Dussault C, Huard G, Plourde ME, Cauchon M. Chez les patients avec maladie coronarienne athérosclérotique chronique stable, quelle est l’efficacité de la colchicine pour prévenir les événements cardiovasculaires et son innocuité comparativement au placebo ? Rev Med Interne 2020; 41:862-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lanthier L, Mayette M, Huard G, Plourde MÉ, Cauchon M. [In patients hospitalized for COVID-19, does dexamethasone reduce 28-days mortality compared to standard treatment?]. Rev Med Interne 2020; 41:790-791. [PMID: 33077267 PMCID: PMC7546229 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lanthier
- Département de médecine spécialisé, service de médecine interne générale, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - M Mayette
- Département de médecine spécialisé, service de médecine interne générale, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - G Huard
- Département de médecine spécialisé, service de médecine interne générale, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M-É Plourde
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, service de radio-oncologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M Cauchon
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d'urgence, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Lanthier L, Bouchard N, Huard G, Plourde ME, Cauchon M. Le dépistage du cancer du poumon chez les sujets à risque à l’aide de la tomodensitométrie axiale à faible dose est-il efficace en termes de diminution de la mortalité ? Rev Med Interne 2020; 41:350-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lanthier L, Plourde MÉ, Huard G, Cauchon M. [A tool for knowledge transfer in internal medicine from Quebec: "BaladoCritique: Journal Club" podcast]. Rev Med Interne 2019; 40:410-411. [PMID: 30928245 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lanthier
- Département de médecine spécialisé, service de médecine interne, université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - M-É Plourde
- Département de médecine nucléaire et radiobiologie, service de radio-oncologie, université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - G Huard
- Département de médecine spécialisé, service de médecine interne, université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - M Cauchon
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d'urgence, université Laval, QC, Canada
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Vuille-Lessard É, Bilodeau M, Willems B, Marleau D, Vincent C, Giard J, Villeneuve J, Soucy G, Nguyen B, Huard G. A67 ANTIBODY-MEDIATED REJECTION AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: A CASE SERIES. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwz006.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- É Vuille-Lessard
- Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Bilodeau
- Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - B Willems
- Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - D Marleau
- Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - C Vincent
- Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Giard
- Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J Villeneuve
- Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - G Soucy
- Pathology and Cellular Biology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - B Nguyen
- Pathology and Cellular Biology, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - G Huard
- Liver Unit, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Huard G, Hercun J, Bilodeau M, Bissonnette J, Giard J. A55 PREDICTORS OF ENDOSCOPIC HIGH RISK ESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN COMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS: CAN WE AVOID FIBROSCAN? J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Huard
- liver diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Hercun
- liver diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - M Bilodeau
- liver diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Bissonnette
- liver diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Giard
- liver diseases, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Labrecque M, Dostaler LP, Dumont H, Huard G, Laflamme L. [Interobserver reliability of a portable tympanometer, the MicroTymp]. CMAJ 1993; 148:559-64. [PMID: 8431817 PMCID: PMC1490523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the interobserver reliability of tympanograms obtained with the MicroTymp, a portable tympanometer. SETTING Family medicine teaching unit in a tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS Thirty-three patients who presented to the ear, nose and throat clinic in August 1990 for an ear problem. INTERVENTION Three residents in family medicine independently attempted to record with the MicroTymp one tympanogram for the 66 ears. We excluded the results for seven ears for which tympanograms could not be obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Using objective criteria, two family physicians and two residents in family medicine independently classified the 177 tympanograms into five categories (normal, possible effusion, possible perforation, possible tympano-ossicular dysfunction and unclassifiable). Reliability was estimated by means of the kappa (kappa) coefficient on 161 tympanograms from 59 ears for which the interpretation of the three tympanograms agreed. MAIN RESULTS The interpretation of the three tympanograms agreed for 34 of the 59 ears (0.58) (kappa = 0.52, 95% confidence limits 0.45 and 0.59). There was no significant difference in interobserver reliability between pairs of observers or between symptomatic and asymptomatic ears. CONCLUSIONS The interobserver reliability of the MicroTymp is moderate. The tympanograms obtained with the instrument should be interpreted in the context of the clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Labrecque
- Département de médecine familiale, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Qué
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Lévesque A, Pagé M, Huard G, Noël C, Béjaoui N. Synthesis of bombesin analogs by the Fmoc method. Anticancer Res 1991; 11:2215-21. [PMID: 1776862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bombesin synthesis has previously been achieved by the Merrifield method. Severe conditions and repetitive acidic treatments have led to the selection of a milder method for improving effectiveness. This study describes a new technique for the synthesis of bombesin and its analogs based on the use of fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protected amino acids and continuous flow solid phase procedure. Peptide elongation is realized by the intermediaries of derived pentafluorophenyl ester amino acids. Peptides of different lengths were synthesized in order to determine the minimal length of peptide chain needed to obtain immunoreactivity comparable to that of natural bombesin. Purification and analysis of the products by FPLC and amino acid determination were performed. Immunoreactivity study of these peptides was measured by a competition radioimmunoassay with an antiserum directed against the C-terminal portion. Results suggest that a decapeptide analog is sufficient for bombesin to be recognized by the antibody or as a carrier in targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lévesque
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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