1
|
Zhimulev IF, Vatolina TY, Pokholkova GV, Antonenko OV, Maltseva MV. Different Protein Groups Involved in Transcription Regulation in Development and Housekeeping Genes in Drosophila. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 512:261-265. [PMID: 38093127 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies to histone modifications and an insulator protein involved in the processes of transcription initiation and elongation are mapped in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. The CHRIZ protein (chromatin insulator) and H3K36me3 histone modification (RNA elongation) are detected only in the localization of housekeeping genes (interbands and gray bands of polytene chromosomes) and never in the regions of developmental genes (black bands and large puffs arising from them). Antibodies to H3S10P histone modification, which is associated with the initial elongation of the RNA strand during transcription, are found exclusively in small puffs, but not in housekeeping gene localization sites or large ecdysone-induced puffs, where housekeeping genes are localized. Antibodies to H4R3me2 histone modification (a co-repressor of the ecdysone receptor) are detected only in large ecdysone-induced puffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I F Zhimulev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - T Yu Vatolina
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G V Pokholkova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - O V Antonenko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M V Maltseva
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khoroshko VA, Pokholkova GV, Zykova TY, Osadchiy IS, Zhimulev IF. Gene dunce Localization in the Polytene Chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster Long Span Batch of Adjacent Chromosomal Structures. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 484:55-58. [PMID: 31012014 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and chromosomal localization of the dunce gene was studied. This gene (167.3 kb) consists almost entirely of introns, in which a cluster of seven short tissue-specific genes is located. On the basis of the results of FISH analysis of the gene fragments, we established that the dunce gene is located within nine chromosomal structures (four bands and five interbands), which contradicts the common idea that genes are located in only one structure (band or interband) or at the boundary of these structures. Our results are quite unexpected and original and greatly expand the current understanding of the genetic organization of interphase chromosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Khoroshko
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - G V Pokholkova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T Yu Zykova
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I S Osadchiy
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334, Moscow, Russia
| | - I F Zhimulev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sidorenko DS, Zykova TY, Khoroshko VA, Pokholkova GV, Demakov SA, Larsson J, Belyaeva ES, Zhimulev IF. Polytene chromosomes reflect functional organization of the Drosophila genome. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster are a convenient model for studying interphase chromosomes of eukaryotes. They are giant in size in comparison with diploid cell chromosomes and have a pattern of cross stripes resulting from the ordered chromatid arrangement. Each region of polytene chromosomes has a unique banding pattern. Using the model of four chromatin types that reveals domains of varying compaction degrees, we were able to correlate the physical and cytological maps of some polytene chromosome regions and to show the main properties of genetic and molecular organization of bands and interbands, that we describe in this review. On the molecular map of the genome, the interbands correspond to decompacted aquamarine chromatin and 5’ ends of ubiquitously active genes. Gray bands contain lazurite and malachite chromatin, intermediate in the level of compaction, and, mainly, coding parts of genes. Dense black transcriptionally inactive bands are enriched in ruby chromatin. Localization of several dozens of interbands on the genome molecular map allowed us to study in detail their architecture according to the data of whole genome projects. The distribution of proteins and regulatory elements of the genome in the promoter regions of genes localized in the interbands shows that these parts of interbands are probably responsible for the formation of open chromatin that is visualized in polytene chromosomes as interbands. Thus, the permanent genetic activity of interbands and gray bands and the inactivity of genes in black bands are the basis of the universal banding pattern in the chromosomes of all Drosophila tissues. The smallest fourth chromosome of Drosophila with an atypical protein composition of chromatin is a special case. Using the model of four chromatin states and fluorescent in situ hybridization, its cytological map was refined and the genomic coordinates of all bands and interbands were determined. It was shown that, in spite of the peculiarities of this chromosome, its band organization in general corresponds to the rest of the genome. Extremely long genes of different Drosophila chromosomes do not fit the common scheme, since they can occupy a series of alternating bands and interbands (up to nine chromosomal structures) formed by parts of these genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Larsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University
| | | | - I. F. Zhimulev
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SB RAS; 3 Laboratory of Structural, Functional and Comparative Genomics of the Novosibirsk State University
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Demidova DS, Demakov SA, Pokholkova GV, Zykova TY, Zhimulev IF. A COMBINED METHOD FOR MAPPING POLYTHENE CHROMOSOMES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE FOURTH MICROCHROMOSOME OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Tsitologiia 2016; 58:253-257. [PMID: 30191689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic activity of interphase chromosomes is associated with their structural organization, but the mechanism of these relations is still unclear. Classic polythene chromosomes of dipteran insects are a convenient model for such investigations. Despite intensive study of polythene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster is carried out, an exact conformity of bands and interbands to the molecular map of the genome remains unknown in most cases. For addressing this issue, the genetic map and molecular characteristics of chromatin have been compared with the banding pattern of the fourth chromosome, which is the smallest chromosome in the D. melanogaster genome and is different in many ways from other chromosomes. This is a unique chromatin domain of D. melanogaster, which is characterized by specific proteins, including HP1, POF and EGG. Matching of cytological and physical maps of the fourth chromosome has been carried out by FISH. Genomic coordinates of bands and interbands have been determined. This result makes it possible to investigate the regulation of gene activity of the fourth chromosome in the context of molecular characteristics of cytological structures in which these genes are located.
Collapse
|
5
|
Andreenkov OV, Andreenkova NG, Volkova EI, Georgiev PG, Goncharova AA, Pokholkova GV, Demakov SA. ECTOPIC TETHERING OF THE CHROMATOR PROTEIN IN UASDBD(GAL4) SYSTEM AS APPROACH FOR STUDYING OF THE INSULATOR PROTEINS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES. Tsitologiia 2016; 58:493-497. [PMID: 30192123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin insulator proteins are one of the major components that determine the domain organization of the genome. According to the latest data, they can mark the boundaries of topological domains and prevent the spread of silent chromatin to adjacent areas. One approach to the analysis of the actions of these proteins is to use the ectopic involvement in the UAS>DBD(GAL4). The method allows to evaluate the effect of selected protein in chromatin organization, to establish its association with other insulator proteins and influence on the processes of transcription and replication. and influence the processes of transcription and replication. In this study, we have developed and tested the functionality of the system components in ectopic tethering of the Chromator (Chriz) to the region of intercalary heterochromatin 10A1-2. Preliminary data have been obtained showing that ectopically tethered Chromator to the band 10A1-2 can induce a partial decompactization of the band chromatin. Further use of this experimental model provides the opportunity to investigate the effect of insulator proteins on the chromatin structure.
Collapse
|
6
|
Babenko VN, Pokholkova GV, Kokoza EB, Andreyenkova NG, Belyakin SN, Belyaeva ES, Zhimulev IF. Characteristics of molecular-genetic organization of intercalary heterochromatin band 10A1-2 in X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2009; 424:27-30. [PMID: 19341102 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672909010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V N Babenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent'eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kolesnikova TD, Andreeva EN, Pindyurin AV, Ananko NG, Belyakin SN, Shloma VV, Yurlova AA, Makunin IV, Pokholkova GV, Volkova EI, Zarutskaya EA, Kokoza EB, Semeshin VF, Belyaeva ES, Zhimulev IF. Contribution of the SuUR gene to the organization of epigenetically repressed regions of Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes. RUSS J GENET+ 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795406080011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Kolesnikova TD, Andreeva EN, Pindiurin AV, Anan'ko NG, Beliakin SN, Shloma VV, Iurlova AA, Makunin IV, Pokholkova GV, Volkova EI, Zarutskaia EA, Kokoza EB, Seneshin VF, Beliaeva ES, Zhimulev IF. [Contribution of the SuUR gene to the organization of epigenetically repressed regions of Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes]. Genetika 2006; 42:1013-28. [PMID: 17025152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A significant portion of a eukaryotic genome is silent (epigenetically repressed). In Drosophila melanogaster, this portion includes mainly regions of pericentric and intercalary heterochromatin and euchromatin regions subject to position-effect variegation. Detailed study of the organization of intercalary heterochromatin regions of Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes started from the discovery of the SuUR gene (Suppressor of UnderReplication). The ability of the SuUR mutation to suppress underreplication in intercalary heterochromatin regions was used for molecular tagging of these regions. We showed that underreplicated intercalary heterochromatin regions contained silent unique genes and retained the features of late replication and transcriptionally inactive chromatin state in various cell types. Over 50% of these regions contain unique genes clustered on the base of coordinated expression. The origin of clusters and putative mechanisms of their gene expression are discussed. Data on the SuUR gene, its expression, and effect on polytene chromosome structure and replication are summarized.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhimulev IF, Belyaeva ES, Semeshin VF, Koryakov DE, Demakov SA, Demakova OV, Pokholkova GV, Andreyeva EN. Polytene Chromosomes: 70 Years of Genetic Research. International Review of Cytology 2004; 241:203-75. [PMID: 15548421 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(04)41004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polytene chromosomes were described in 1881 and since 1934 they have served as an outstanding model for a variety of genetic experiments. Using the polytene chromosomes, numerous biological phenomena were discovered. First the polytene chromosomes served as a model of the interphase chromosomes in general. In polytene chromosomes, condensed (bands), decondensed (interbands), genetically active (puffs), and silent (pericentric and intercalary heterochromatin as well as regions subject to position effect variegation) regions were found and their features were described in detail. Analysis of the general organization of replication and transcription at the cytological level has become possible using polytene chromosomes. In studies of sequential puff formation it was found for the first time that the steroid hormone (ecdysone) exerts its action through gene activation, and that the process of gene activation upon ecdysone proceeds as a cascade. Namely on the polytene chromosomes a new phenomenon of cellular stress response (heat shock) was discovered. Subsequently chromatin boundaries (insulators) were discovered to flank the heat shock puffs. Major progress in solving the problems of dosage compensation and position effect variegation phenomena was mainly related to studies on polytene chromosomes. This review summarizes the current status of studies of polytene chromosomes and of various phenomena described using this successful model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I F Zhimulev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pokholkova GV, Zhimulev IF. [Cytogenetic analysis of two ecdysone-regulated puffs 62C and 62E in Drosophila melanogaster]. Genetika 2002; 38:1626-1634. [PMID: 12575447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic analysis has been performed to reveal vital genes around two puffs, a late 62C puff and an early-late 62E puff. Their roles in hormonal regulatory mechanisms have been estimated. A locus represented by four lethal mutations has been found in the vicinity of the 62E puff. The mutants display disturbed puffing, which suggests the involvement of this locus in hormonal regulatory mechanisms. In the 62C puff region. 26 mutations have been found that proved to be allelic to mutations in the D-Titin gene. The giant D-Titin gene is essential for the sarcomeric organization of striated muscles. According to the results of in situ hybridization with polytene chromosomes, the D-Titin gene occupies the entire 62C puff. The phenotypic characteristics of the novel mutants suggest that this protein is polyfunctional, and its role is not restricted to processes in the muscular tissue. It may also be involved in the morphogenesis of leg imaginal disks, and it is necessary for condensation and separation of sister chromatids during mitosis. Mutations in the ecdysone-induced BR-C and E74 genes cause disturbances similar to those found in this study. In addition, mutations of these genes can affect the D-Titin gene activity, which suggests that the three genes are involved in similar morphogenetic and myogenetic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Pokholkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gonzy G, Pokholkova GV, Peronnet F, Mugat B, Demakova OV, Kotlikova IV, Lepesant JA, Zhimulev IF. Isolation and characterization of novel mutations of the Broad-Complex, a key regulatory gene of ecdysone induction in Drosophila melanogaster. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2002; 32:121-132. [PMID: 11755053 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-1748(01)00097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seven new alleles of the Broad-Complex gene of Drosophila melanogaster, which encodes a family of four zinc finger protein isoforms BR-C Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, were generated by transposase-induced mobilization of a P[Zw] element inserted in either the first intron downstream from the P165 promoter or the exon encoding the Z2-specific zinc finger domain. They were characterized by genetic complementation tests, molecular mapping and cytogenetic analysis of their effect on ecdysone-induced puffing and BR-C proteins binding to polytene chromosomes. Four mutations that correspond to three overlapping deletions and one tandem insertion of the P[Zw] element are located in the intron. They provide evidence that regulatory elements essential for a correct expression of the BR-C Z2 and BR-C Z3 transcripts are located within the intron downstream from the P165 promoter. Three mutations correspond to internal deletions of the locus and exhibit a complete loss of all BR-C(+) genetic functions in the complementation and cytogenetic tests. They thus provide well characterized new amorphic reference alleles of the BR-C gene. The precise cytogenetic location of more than 300 binding sites of BR-C proteins on larval salivary gland polytene chromosomes was determined by immunostaining using specific antibodies. Sites were found in big ecdysone inducible puffs, constitutively active small puffs as well as interbands. A complete list of the major sites on all four salivary gland polytene chromosomes of BR-C(+) larvae is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Gonzy
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Institut Jacques-Monod, CNRS, Université Paris, 7-Denis Diderot et Université Paris, 6-P et M Curie 75251, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pokholkova GV, Zhimulev IF. RUSS J GENET+ 2002; 38:1376-1384. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1021635705215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
13
|
Makunin IV, Pokholkova GV, Kholodilov NG, Zakharkin SO, Bonaccorsi S, Dimitri P, Zhimulev IF. A novel simple satellite DNA is colocalized with the Stalker retrotransposon in Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin. Mol Gen Genet 1999; 261:381-7. [PMID: 10102374 DOI: 10.1007/s004380050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the T(1:2)dor(var7) multibreak rearrangement the distal 1A-2B segment of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster is juxtaposed to an inverted portion of the heterochromatin of chromosome 2. Analysis of mitotic chromosomes by a series of banding techniques has permitted us precisely to locate the heterochromatic breakpoint of this translocation in the h42 region of 2R. Cloning and sequencing of the eu-heterochromatic junction revealed that the translocated 1A-2B fragment is joined to (AACAC)n repeats, which represent a previously undescribed satellite DNA in D. melanogaster. These repeated sequences have been estimated to account for about 1 Mb of the D. melanogaster genome. The repeats are located mainly in the Y chromosome and in the heterochromatin of the right arm of chromosome 2 (2Rh), where they are colocalized with the Stalker retrotransposon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I V Makunin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kozlova T, Pokholkova GV, Tzertzinis G, Sutherland JD, Zhimulev IF, Kafatos FC. Drosophila hormone receptor 38 functions in metamorphosis: a role in adult cuticle formation. Genetics 1998; 149:1465-75. [PMID: 9649534 PMCID: PMC1460226 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/149.3.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DHR38 is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily in Drosophila homologous to the vertebrate NGFI-B-type orphan receptors. In addition to binding to specific response elements as a monomer, DHR38 interacts with the USP component of the ecdysone receptor complex in vitro, in yeast and in a cell line, suggesting that DHR38 might modulate ecdysone-triggered signals in the fly. We characterized the molecular structure and expression of the Dhr38 gene and initiated an in vivo analysis of its function(s) in development. The Dhr38 transcription unit spans more than 40 kb in length, includes four introns, and produces at least four mRNA isoforms differentially expressed in development; two of these are greatly enriched in the pupal stage and encode nested polypeptides. We characterized four alleles of Dhr38: a P-element enchancer trap line, l(2)02306, which shows exclusively epidermal staining in the late larval, pre-pupal and pupal stages, and three EMS-induced alleles. Dhr38 alleles cause localized fragility and rupturing of the adult cuticle, demonstrating that Dhr38 plays an important role in late stages of epidermal metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kozlova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Classic recessive position effect variegation is related to inactivation of genes juxtaposed to heterochromatin and accompanied by cytologically visible heterochromatization (compaction) of the chromosome region containing these genes. Compaction and gene inactivation occur only in the rearranged homologue. In contrast to this, dominant variegation of the bw gene is known to involve transcriptional silencing in both the cis and trans copy, if they are paired. Our paper describes a cyto- logical approach to understanding this phenomenon. Analysis of salivary gland chromosomes carrying In(2R)bwVDe1 and In(2R)bwVDe2, evoking strong dominant bw variegation, has shown that in the rearranged homologues typical heterochromatization of the bw region and proximal neighbouring bands occurs. Heterochromatization was never observed on a normal homologue paired with a rearranged one. The insertion into the chromosome region 59E in the bwD strain is similar to pericentric heterochromatin. The insertion seems to induce heterochromatization of the neighbouring chromosome region and as a result the material of the insert and the 59E1-2 band join into a single block. When variegation is suppressed, the 59E1-2 band can be seen as a separate structure located proximal to the insert. This occurs in salivary gland polytene chromosomes of XYY males at 29 degrees C and in pseudonurse cell polytene chromosomes of otu11/otu11 females. All bands in the region of the non-rearranged homologue show normal morphology. Thus, although in all strains studied we observed heterochromatization in cis, the homologous regions in trans are not visibly affected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Belyaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Makunin IV, Zakharkin SO, Kokoza EV, Pokholkova GV, Kholodilov NG, Zhimulev IF. [An analysis of the DNA sequence in the region of the breakpoint of the T(1;2)dor(var7) translocation inducing the mosaic-type position effect in Drosophila melanogaster]. Tsitol Genet 1996; 30:8-14. [PMID: 8743012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The sites of location of (AC/GT) minisatellite sequence were detected in 2B region of X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. The distribution of (AC/GT) repeats coincided with the location of one-half of the mapped breakpoints of known rearrangements within this region. Analysis of sequences neighbouring the breakpoints of the rearrangement T(1;2)dor(var7) demonstrated that the breaks between two sequences of (AC/GT) repeats occurred at a distance 80 and 156 bp, respectively, but there were no (AC/GT) repeats in r combination directly. T-rich sequences 25 bp long as well as short tandem repeats were found near the breakpoints. The pentanucleotide repeat (CTGTT)10 is located at a distance of 660 bp from the breakpoint. It differs by one nucleotide from the sequence of the GTGTT satellite attached to the 1A-2B fragment of X-chromosome as a result of rearrangement.
Collapse
|
17
|
Makunin IV, Pokholkova GV, Zakharkin SO, Kholodilov NG, Zhimulev IF. [Isolation and characteristics of repeat DNA sequences from precentromere heterochromatin from the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster]. Dokl Akad Nauk 1995; 344:266-9. [PMID: 8535269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
18
|
Pokholkova GV, Makunin IV, Belyaeva ES, Zhimulev IF. Observations on the induction of position effect variegation of euchromatic genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 1993; 134:231-42. [PMID: 8514132 PMCID: PMC1205426 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/134.1.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In the T(1;2)dorvar7 translocation, the 1A-2B7-8 segment of the X chromosome is brought to the vicinity of 2R-chromosome heterochromatin resulting in position effect variegation of dor, BR-C and more distal genes, as well as compaction of chromatin in this segment. By irradiation of T(1;2)dorvar7, nine reversions (rev) to a normal phenotype were recovered. In two cases (rev27, rev226), the 1A-2B7-8 section is relocated to the 19A region of the X chromosome, forming free duplications (1A-2B7-8/19A-20F-X-het). Modifiers of position effect do not change the normal expression of the BR-C and dor genes in these duplications. In five reversions (rev3, rev40, rev60, rev167, rev175), free duplications have formed from the 1A-2B7-8 fragment and X chromosome heterochromatin. In these rearrangements, modifiers of position effect (low temperature, removal of Y and 2R-chromosome heterochromatin and a genetic enhancer (E-var(3)201) induce position-effect again. Two reversions (rev45 and rev110) are associated with additional inversions in the original dorvar7 chromosomes. The inversions relocate part of the heterochromatin adjacent to the 1A-2B7-8 section into new positions. In T(1;2)dorrev45, position-effect is seen in the 2B7-8-7A element as compaction spreading from 2B7-8 proximally in some cases as far as the 5D region. Thus, in rev45 the pattern of euchromatin compaction is reciprocal to that of the initial dorvar7 strain. Apparently, it is due to the same variegation-evoking center near the 2R centromere in both cases. In all nine revertants, weakening or complete disappearance of the position-effect is observed despite retention of the 20-kb heterochromatic segment adjacent to the 1A-2B7-8 region. Thus, a 20-kb heterochromatic sequence does not inactivate euchromatin joined to it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Pokholkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pokholkova GV, Makunin IV, Beliaeva ES, Zhimulev IF. [Molecular-cytogenetic analysis of heterochromatin fragments induced by gene inactivation in the variegation position effect in Drosophila]. Dokl Akad Nauk 1993; 329:369-71. [PMID: 8481704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
20
|
Zhimulev IF, Pokholkova GV, Bgatov AV, Semeshin VF, Umbetova GH, Belyaeva ES. Genetic interpretation of polytene chromosomes banding pattern. Mol Biol Rep 1983; 9:19-23. [PMID: 6412067 DOI: 10.1007/bf00777469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review covers new data regarding the problem of the functional organization of polytene chromosomes: The localization of RNA synthesis in the polytene chromosome puffs, diffuse bands and interbands; The relative stability of banding pattern and its functional value; The informational content of bands.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhimulev IF, Pokholkova GV, Bgatov AV, Semeshin VF, Belyaeva ES. Fine cytogenetical analysis of the band 10A1-2 and the adjoining regions in the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome. II. Genetical analysis. Chromosoma 1981; 82:25-40. [PMID: 6790246 DOI: 10.1007/bf00285747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The X chromosome region 9F12-10A7 (7 bands removed by Df(1)VL3) was saturated with lethal, semi-lethal, visible and male sterile mutations A total of 11 complementation groups were found. In the more narrow interval of Df()1)VL1 which removes 3 bands (10A1-2, 10A3, 10A4-5) 6 loci were localised. - The band 10A1-2 consists of a sereis of 5 different subunits: (i) silent DNA where no functions were found - at the distal edge of the band; (ii) and (iii) two genes: v and 1(1)BP4; (iv) silent DNA in middle of the band, (v) locus sev on the proximal edge of the band. About 70% of the band's DNA was found to be silent. - Using the set of chromosome rearrangements removing different parts of the band it was shown that these five sequences may function independently from each other.
Collapse
|