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Connizzo BK, Sun L, Lacin N, Gendelman A, Solomonov I, Sagi I, Grodzinsky AJ, Naveh GRS. Nonuniformity in Periodontal Ligament: Mechanics and Matrix Composition. J Dent Res 2020; 100:179-186. [PMID: 33043806 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520962455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a critical role in providing immediate response to abrupt high loads during mastication while also facilitating slow remodeling of the alveolar bone. The PDL exceptional functionality is permitted by the unique nonuniform structure of the tissue. Two distinct areas that are critical to PDL function were previously identified: the furcation and the dense collar. Despite their hypothesized functions in tooth movement and maintenance, these 2 regions have not yet been compared within the context of their native environment. Therefore, the objective of this study is to elucidate the extracellular matrix (ECM) structure, composition, and biomechanical function of the furcation and the collar regions while maintaining the 3-dimensional (3D) structure in the murine PDL. We identify significant difference between the collar and furcation regions in both structure and mechanical properties. Specifically, we observed unique longitudinal structures in the dense collar that correlate with type VI collagen and LOX, both of which are associated with increased type I collagen density and tissue stiffness and are therefore proposed to function as scaffolds for tooth stabilization. We also found that the collar region is stiffer than the furcation region and therefore suggest that the dense collar acts as a suspense structure of the tooth within the bone during physiological loading. The furcation region of the PDL contained more proteins associated with reduced stiffness and higher tissue remodeling, as well as a dual mechanical behavior, suggesting a critical function in loads transfer and remodeling of the alveolar bone. In summary, this work unravels the nonuniform nature of the PDL within the 3D structural context and establishes understanding of regional PDL function, which opens new avenues for future studies of remodeling, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Connizzo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - L Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Lacin
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Gendelman
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - I Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - I Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A J Grodzinsky
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G R S Naveh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Naveh GRS, Weiner S. Initial orthodontic tooth movement of a multirooted tooth: a 3D study of a rat molar. Orthod Craniofac Res 2015; 18:134-42. [DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. R. S. Naveh
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
| | - S. Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot Israel
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