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Rodrigues JAL, Stenvold D, Almeida ML, Sobrinho ACS, Rodrigues GS, Júnior CRB. Cardiometabolic risk factors associated with educational level in older people: comparison between Norway and Brazil. J Public Health (Oxf) 2020; 43:867-875. [PMID: 32888032 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-communicable diseases are the major causes of death both worldwide and in high-income countries such as Norway. Understanding whether policy programs affect the health of older adults, especially considering different realities, is crucial. We aimed to analyse cardiometabolic risk factors associated with educational level in elderly people from Norway and Brazil. METHODS A total of 555 elderly people recruited from Trondheim, Norway (n = 310, age 70.7 ± 0.8 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.2 ± 3.9 kg/m2) and from Ribeirao Preto, Brazil (n = 245, age 64.1 ± 8.1 years, BMI 28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2). All analyses were adjusted for age and sex, considering country as an independent variable. The significance level considered was P < 0.05. RESULTS Brazilian people presented a higher incidence of overweight and higher waist circumference (WC) compared to Norwegian (28.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 97.0 ± 14.7 cm versus 26.4 ± 3.9 kg/m2 and 92.1 ± 11.2 cm, respectively). When classified by education level, Brazilians presented higher values for BMI, WC and triglycerides (TG) than Norwegians with the same level of education (incomplete higher education), while Norwegians presented higher values for systolic blood pressure (SBP), cholesterol total (CT), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and handgrip strength. CONCLUSIONS Both nationalities presented important cardiometabolic risk factors. However, when considering a low level of education, the Brazilian elderly people presented more cardiometabolic risk factors than Norwegians.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Rodrigues
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - D Stenvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 8905, 7491, Norway
| | - M L Almeida
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - A C S Sobrinho
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - G S Rodrigues
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
| | - C R Bueno Júnior
- School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil.,School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-907, Brazil
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Nataraj M, Maiya AG, Karkada G, Hande M, Rodrigues GS, Shenoy R, Prasad SS. Application of Topical Oxygen Therapy in Healing Dynamics of Diabetic Foot Ulcers - A Systematic Review. Rev Diabet Stud 2019; 15:74-82. [PMID: 31904759 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2019.15.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with diabetes may develop diabetic foot ulcers due to diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Multiple factors influence the ulcer healing process; oxygen helps in facilitating the different stages of wound healing. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the different levels of evidence available in the application of topical oxygen therapy, warm oxygen therapy, or other modes of topical oxygen delivery in the healing dynamics of diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS Databases searched included Pubmed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL. The eligibility criteria of studies included participants ≥18 years with chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcer (duration ≥3 months) receiving warm oxygen or topical oxygen therapy (TOT), and other modes of topical oxygen administration, which were compared with standard care group. Randomized and non-randomized studies were included. The primary outcome measure assessed was the rate of wound healing or wound closure. RESULTS The review included 5 studies which used different modes of topical oxygen administration. The healing trajectory of the wounds was completely achieved in low-grade ulcers (grade 1), whereas all high-grade ulcers (grades 2, 3, and above) showed either 100% or 50% healing with a reduction in ulcer size and ulcer tissue depth. CONCLUSION Topical oxygen therapy facilitates wound healing dynamics among individuals with chronic diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Nataraj
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research (CDFCR), Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Arun G Maiya
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research (CDFCR), Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gagana Karkada
- Centre for Diabetic Foot Care and Research (CDFCR), Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions (MCHP), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunatha Hande
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gabriel S Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajgopal Shenoy
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shiva S Prasad
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College and Kasturba Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Madhav Nagar, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Auler PA, Benitez LC, do Amaral MN, Vighi IL, Rodrigues GS, da Maia LC, Braga EJB. Selection of candidate reference genes and validation for real-time PCR studies in rice plants exposed to low temperatures. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029695. [PMID: 28671258 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is a cereal that presents a great ability to adapt to different soil and climate conditions. However, as it is a tropical crop with C3 metabolism, it performs better in warm temperatures with high solar radiation. Tolerance to stress caused by low temperatures is a highly complex process that involves various metabolic pathways and cellular compartments, resulting in general or specific effects on plant growth and development. In order to observe the true effect of a particular stress on genetic expression, reference genes need to be chosen for real-time PCRs, the expression levels of which should remain stable independent of the situation imposed. In this paper, the expression stability was evaluated of the actin 11 (ACT11), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 (UBC-E2), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), beta tubilin (β-Tubulin), eukaryotic initiation factor 4α (eIF-4-α), eukaryotic initiation factor 1α (eIF-1-α), ubiquitin 10 (UBQ10), ubiquitin 5 (UBQ5), aquaporin (TIP41), and cyclophilin genes, in two rice genotypes cultivated in low temperature (13°C) conditions in vegetative stage (V4). The analysis material (leaves) was collected after 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h of exposure to the stress. In this study, the geNorm, BestKeeper, ΔCt, NormFinder, and RefFinder methods were used to evaluate the expression stability of the candidate reference genes. The results revealed that the most indicated genes for all the analysis methods were UBQ10 and UBQ5 for BRS Bojuru and BRS Pampa, respectively. On the other hand, the eIF-1-α gene presents the least expression stability and is not indicated for studies of rice plants subjected to low temperatures. The validation with the antioxidant system genes SODCc1-Cu/Zn, CATC, APX2, and GR2 confirmed the importance of using previously tested normalizing genes for adequate real-time PCR results.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Auler
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, , , Brasil
| | - L C Benitez
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, , , Brasil
| | - M N do Amaral
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, , , Brasil
| | - I L Vighi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, , , Brasil
| | - G S Rodrigues
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, , , Brasil
| | - L C da Maia
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Escola de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, , , Brasil
| | - E J B Braga
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, , , Brasil
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Vighi IL, Benitez LC, do Amaral MN, Auler PA, Moraes GP, Rodrigues GS, da Maia LC, Pinto LS, Braga EJB. Changes in gene expression and catalase activity in Oryza sativa L. under abiotic stress. Genet Mol Res 2016; 15:gmr-15-gmr15048977. [PMID: 27819727 DOI: 10.4238/gmr15048977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Different rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes were subjected to high salinity and low temperature (150 mM NaCl and 13°C, respectively) for 0, 6, 24, 48, or 72 h. We evaluated the simultaneous expression of the genes OsCATA, OsCATB, and OsCATC, correlated gene expression with enzyme activity, and verified the regulation of these genes through identification of cis-elements in the promoter region. The hydrogen peroxide content increased in a tolerant genotype and decreased in a sensitive genotype under both stress conditions. Lipid peroxidation increased in the tolerant genotype when exposed to cold, and in the sensitive genotype when exposed to high salinity. Catalase activity significantly increased in both genotypes when subjected to 13°C. In the tolerant genotype, OsCATA and OsCATB were the most responsive to high salinity and cold, while in the sensitive genotype, OsCATA and OsCATC responded positively to saline stress, as did OsCATA and OsCATB to low temperature. Cis-element analysis identified different regulatory sequences in the catalase promoter region of each genotype. The sensitive genotype maintained a better balance between hydrogen oxyacid levels, catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation under low temperature than the resistant genotype. OsCATA and OsCATB were the most responsive in the salt-tolerant genotype to cold, OsCATA and OsCATC were the most responsive to saline stress, and OsCATA and OsCATB were the most responsive to chilling stress in the sensitive genotype. There were positive correlations between catalase activity and OsCATB expression in the tolerant genotype under saline stress and in the sensitive genotype under cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Vighi
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - L C Benitez
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - M N do Amaral
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - P A Auler
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - G P Moraes
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - G S Rodrigues
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - L C da Maia
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - L S Pinto
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - E J B Braga
- Departmento de Botânico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
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Contractor KB, Kaur K, Rodrigues GS, Kulkarni DM, Singhal H. Male breast cancer: is the scenario changing. World J Surg Oncol 2008; 6:58. [PMID: 18558006 PMCID: PMC2440380 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The overall incidence of male breast cancer is around 1% of all breast cancers and is on the rise. In this review we aim to present various aspects of male breast cancer with particular emphasis on incidence, risk factors, patho-physiology, treatment, prognostic factors, and outcome. Methods Information on all aspects of male breast cancer was gathered from available relevant literature on male breast cancer from the MEDLINE database over the past 32 years from 1975 to 2007. Various reported studies were scrutinized for emerging evidence. Incidence data were also obtained from the IARC, Cancer Mondial database. Conclusion There is a scenario of rising incidence, particularly in urban US, Canada and UK. Even though more data on risk factors is emerging about this disease, more multi-institutional efforts to pool data with large randomized trials to show treatment and survival benefits are needed to support the existing vast emerging knowledge about the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyumars B Contractor
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Medicine and Anaesthetics, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Rodrigues GS, Buschinelli CCDA, Rodrigues IA, Medeiros CB. A collaborative research initiative for the environmental management of ostrich production. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rodrigues GS, Khan SA, Betteridge F, Carlos L, Ciccia M, Welch S, Norman L, Vernon GM, Duncan GJ, Das RN, Gurung K, Kaesler SB, Carrington C, Siderov J, Stevenson B, Wilmott V, Bennett AS, Das RN, Dwari B. Letters to the Editor. Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2055-2335.2007.tb00665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohil Ahmed Khan
- Faculty and Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacy Practice; Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Manipal 576 104 India
| | | | | | | | - Susan Welch
- St Vincent's Hospital; Darlinghurst NSW 2010
| | - Lucy Norman
- Central Medical Stores; Ministry of Health; Port Vila Vanuatu
| | | | - Gregory J Duncan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice; Monash University; Parkville Vic. 3052
| | | | - Kiran Gurung
- Department of Medicine; College of Medical Sciences; Bharatpur Nepal
| | | | - Christine Carrington
- Cancer Pharmacists Group Committee; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Qld 4102
| | - Jim Siderov
- Cancer Pharmacists Group Committee; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Qld 4102
| | - Ben Stevenson
- Cancer Pharmacists Group Committee; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Qld 4102
| | - Vicki Wilmott
- Cancer Pharmacists Group Committee; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Woolloongabba Qld 4102
| | | | | | - B Dwari
- Department of Dermatology; Manipal Teaching Hospital; Pokhara Nepal
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Jain V, Gupta K, Kudva R, Rodrigues GS. A case of ovarian metastasis of gall bladder carcinoma simulating primary ovarian neoplasm: diagnostic pitfalls and review of literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16 Suppl 1:319-21. [PMID: 16515613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2006.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ovary is a relatively frequent site of metastases from malignant neoplasia arising elsewhere in the body, the majority of these originating from the gastrointestinal tract. The best-known tumor of this type is signet ring cell adenocarcinoma (Krukenberg tumor) of gastric origin and large bowel. The gall bladder and bile ducts are extremely rare sources of these metastases. The casuistic describes a female patient, presented with pelvic mass and jaundice. While clinical and imaging results suggested a primary ovarian carcinoma with incidental cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis, the final diagnosis was obtained on the basis of histopathologic findings of resected specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jain
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Jain V, Rodrigues GS, Gupta K. Ischaemic necrosis of subcutaneous colonic neoesophagus: an unusual complication of presternal hypertrophic scar. Singapore Med J 2006; 47:235-6. [PMID: 16518560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars and keloids not only pose aesthetic problems but also cause functional and anatomical dysfunction by leading to contractures and sometimes by compression of underneath structures. A 76-year-old man presented with progressive dysphagia of two months duration. Examination showed the unusual complication of a presternal hypertrophic scar, causing ischaemic necrosis of a subcutaneously-transposed colon, used for oesophageal reconstruction in a patient with inoperable carcinoma of the oesophagus. Such a complication of hypertrophic scar has never been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Jain
- Department of Surgery, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Suyama F, Guimarães ET, Lobo DJA, Rodrigues GS, Domingos M, Alves ES, Carvalho HA, Saldiva PHN. Pollen mother cells of Tradescantia clone 4430 and Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea are equally sensitive to the clastogenic effects of X-rays. Braz J Med Biol Res 2002; 35:127-9. [PMID: 11743625 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2002000100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tradescantia micronucleus test is a sensitive bioassay for mutagenesis that may be employed both under field and laboratory conditions. This test has been standardized mostly on the basis of the results obtained with clone 4430. However, this clone is not well adapted to tropical weather, frequently showing problems with growth and flowering. In addition, it is attacked by parasites and insects, a fact that limits its use in field studies aiming at the biomonitoring of air pollution. In the city of São Paulo, Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. var. purpurea Boom is widely distributed as an ornamental plant in gardens and along roadsides and streets, mostly because of its natural resistance and its easy propagation. In this report, we present dose-response curves indicating that the sensitivity of T. pallida and clone 4430 to X-radiation (1, 10, 25 and 50 cGy) is similar. The results confirm our previous suggestion that T. pallida represents a good alternative for in situ mutagenesis testing in tropical regions, especially biomonitoring studies in which the exposure conditions may not be fully controllable.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Suyama
- Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Ferreira MI, Petrenko H, Lobo DJ, Rodrigues GS, Moreira A, Saldiva PH. In situ monitoring of the mutagenic effects of the gaseous emissions of a solid waste incinerator in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil, using the Tradescantia stamen-hair assay. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2000; 50:1852-1856. [PMID: 11288313 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2000.10464217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The present work was designed to determine the potential genotoxicity at the vicinity of a solid waste incinerator in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, using the Tradescantia stamen-hair bioassay. Experiments were carried out between December 1998 and April 1999 in four regions (40 pots of plants per site) selected on the basis of their pollution levels predicted by theoretical modeling of the dispersion of the incinerator's plume. The exposure sites were defined as follows: highest level (incinerator); a high level (museum) located 1.5 km from the emission point; a moderate level (school, at a distance of 3.5 km from the incinerator); and a control (at Jaguariúna countryside). The difference in genotoxicity among the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The frequency of mutations observed in the countryside was significantly lower [2.25 +/- 1.55, mean +/- SD (standard deviation)] than that of the sites close to the incinerator. The frequency of mutations measured at the school (3.70 +/- 1.36) was significantly lower than that measured at both the museum (4.89 +/- 1.12) and the incinerator (5.69 +/- 1.34). In conclusion, we found a positive correlation between the spatial distribution of the emissions of the incinerator located in an urban area and the mutagenic events measured by the Tradescantia stamen-hair assay. The in situ approach employed in this study was simple, efficient, and of low cost. No air or chemical extraction of pollutants was necessary for genotoxicity testing as required by other assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Batalha JR, Guimarães ET, Lobo DJ, Lichtenfels AJ, Deur T, Carvalho HA, Alves ES, Domingos M, Rodrigues GS, Saldiva PH. Exploring the clastogenic effects of air pollutants in São Paulo (Brazil) using the Tradescantia micronuclei assay. Mutat Res 1999; 426:229-32. [PMID: 10350603 DOI: 10.1016/s0027-5107(99)00073-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the clastogenicity of particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 microm) in the urban polluted air in the city of São Paulo. The Tradescantia-micronucleus (Trad-MCN) assay was used throughout this study to evaluate the clastogenicity of the extracts of the particulate matter. Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. cv. purpurea, an indigenous cultivar, was used in the Trad-MCN assay. The efficacy of this plant material for the Trad-MCN assay was validated with dose-response studies using formaldehyde and beta radiation. Dose-response curves were established with these known mutagens. The extracts of the PM10 particles at concentrations between 5 and 50 ppm induced a dose-related increase in MCN frequencies. The results indicate that T. pallida is equally sensitive to mutagens as the standard Tradescantia clone 4430 or 03 and the particulate matter in the urban air are clastogenic to the chromosomes of this plant. Inhalation of these particles by urban dwellers may affect their health by inducing similar genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Batalha
- Labóratorio de Poluicão Atmosférica Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Departmento de Patologia, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455 CEP o1246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Rodrigues GS, Pimentel D, Weinstein LH. In situ assessment of pesticide genotoxicity in an integrated pest management program I--Tradescantia micronucleus assay. Mutat Res 1998; 412:235-44. [PMID: 9600691 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(97)00193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The genotoxicity induced by pesticides applied in an integrated pest management (IPM) program was evaluated with the Tradescantia micronucleus assay (Trad-MCN). Three pesticide application rates were prescribed as follows: (a) Low, no field pesticide spray; (b) Medium, IPM test rate: banded cyanazine plus metolachlor (2.7 kg a.i. and 2.3 l a.i./ha of herbicides, respectively); and (c) High, a preventative pesticide application program: broadcast cyanazine plus metolachlor (same application rates as above) plus chlorpyrifos (1 kg a.i./ha of insecticide). The Trad-MCN was employed for the assessment of (a) the formulated compounds, singly and in combinations; (b) pesticide residues extracted from soils sampled before and after application, and (c) in situ exposures (14-h exposure to pesticide-sprayed field). All pesticides showed clastogenic potency at doses between 10 and 50 ppm. Aqueous extracts of the two pesticide-sprayed soils were clastogenic, but the unsprayed soil extracts were not. Plants exposed in situ to pesticide-sprayed soils (inside a chamber receiving vapors from the soil) also showed significant increases in micronuclei frequency in relation to controls exposed to unsprayed soil. In general, there was no significant reduction in the genotoxic effects from the High to the Medium treatment levels of the IPM program. This suggests that the reduction in pesticide application rates attained with the implementation of the proposed IPM program was not sufficient to abate the genotoxicity of the pesticides, as perceived with the sensitive assays employed. The results indicate that replacing genotoxic compounds may be the only effective remediation measure to eliminate the risks imposed by mutagenic compounds in the agricultural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Rodrigues
- EMBRAPA/CNPMA, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Monitoramento e Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, São Paulo, CEP, Brazil.
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Rodrigues GS, Pimentel D, Weinstein LH. In situ assessment of pesticide genotoxicity in an integrated pest management program: II. Maize waxy mutation assay. Mutat Res 1998; 412:245-50. [PMID: 9600692 DOI: 10.1016/s1383-5718(97)00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mutagenicity induced by pesticides applied in an integrated pest management (IPM) program was evaluated in situ with the maize forward waxy mutation bioassay. Three pesticide application rates were prescribed as follows: (1) Low--no field pesticide spray; (2) Medium--IPM test rate: banded cyanazine plus metolachlor (2.7 kg a.i. and 2.3 l a.i./ha of herbicides, respectively); and (3) High--a preventative pesticide application program: broadcast cyanazine plus metolachlor (same application rates as above) plus chlorpyrifos (1 kg a.i./ha of insecticide). In general, there was no significant reduction in the genotoxic effects from the high to the medium treatment levels of the IPM program. This suggests that the reduction in pesticide application rates attained with the implementation of the proposed IPM program was not sufficient to abate the genotoxicity of the pesticides. The results indicate that replacing genotoxic compounds may be the only effective remediation measure if concern about environmental mutagenesis were to result in changes in agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Rodrigues
- EMBRAPA/CNPMA-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Monitoramento e Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, Jaguariúna, São Paulo, CEP, Brazil.
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