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Brett GM, Hollands W, Needs PW, Teucher B, Dainty JR, Davis BD, Brodbelt JS, Kroon PA. Absorption, metabolism and excretion of flavanones from single portions of orange fruit and juice and effects of anthropometric variables and contraceptive pill use on flavanone excretion. Br J Nutr 2009; 101:664-75. [PMID: 18710603 PMCID: PMC3508427 DOI: 10.1017/s000711450803081x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oranges are rich sources of flavonoids that are bioactive and may protect against age-related diseases. The absorption of orange flavanones may be affected by factors such as processing and subject anthropometric variables, and the bioactivity of the absorbed phytochemicals depends on how they are metabolised during absorption. In a randomised cross-over study, twenty subjects consumed a single portion of orange fruit (150 g) or juice (300 g) that contained the flavanones narirutin and hesperidin, and an additional 109 subjects across a broad age range (18-80 years) consumed the juice. Flavanone metabolites were measured in regularly collected samples of plasma and urine. After consumption of fruit or juice, flavanone conjugates, but not the aglycones, were detected in plasma and urine. The flavanone conjugates were shown to include the 7- and 4'-O-monoglucuronides of naringenin, the 7- and 3'-O-monoglucuronides of hesperetin, two hesperetin diglucuronides and a hesperetin sulfo-glucuronide, but no aglycones or rutinosides. Analysis of the plasma pharmacokinetic and urinary excretion data on a dose-adjusted basis indicated no difference in absorption or excretion of either flavanone between the fruit and juice matrices. In the extended urinary excretion dataset the individual variation was very large (range 0-59 % urinary yield). There was a small but significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the excretion of hesperetin (but not naringenin) with increasing age (P < 0.05), but the effects of sex, BMI and contraceptive pill use were shown not to be associated with the variation in flavanone excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M. Brett
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Wendy Hollands
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Paul W. Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Birgit Teucher
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK
- Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Jack R. Dainty
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Barry D. Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UA, UK
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Hollands W, Brett GM, Radreau P, Saha S, Teucher B, Bennett RN, Kroon PA. Processing blackcurrants dramatically reduces the content and does not enhance the urinary yield of anthocyanins in human subjects. Food Chem 2007; 108:869-78. [PMID: 26065747 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blackcurrant (BC) fruits are a rich source of biologically active anthocyanins but little is known of the anthocyanin content of commonly consumed BC products or how processing affects the absorption. We report that whereas fresh and frozen whole BC were a rich source of anthocyanins, containing 897 and 642mg (100gFW)(-1) of total anthocyanins the levels in all other products were substantially lower (0.05-10.3% of the levels in fresh fruit). Further, when the absorption and excretion of BC was assessed in volunteers consuming a portion (100g) of frozen whole BC (642mg total anthocyanins) and, 300g of a BC drink made by diluting concentrated syrup (33.6mg total anthocyanins), only small quantities of BC anthocyanins were excreted in urine (fruit, 0.053±0.022%; drink, 0.036±0.043%; mean percent urinary yield±SD) and they were not detected in plasma. These data indicate that fresh and frozen BC, but not processed products, are rich sources of anthocyanins but, regardless of the food source, these anthocyanins are poorly bioavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Hollands
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Gary M Brett
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Pauline Radreau
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK; School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Shikha Saha
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Birgit Teucher
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK; MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Richard N Bennett
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK; CECEA-Departamento de Fitotecnia e Engenharia Rural, Edificio Agrarias Ciençias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Institute of Food Research, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Faulks RM, Hart DJ, Brett GM, Dainty JR, Southon S. Kinetics of gastro-intestinal transit and carotenoid absorption and disposal in ileostomy volunteers fed spinach meals. Eur J Nutr 2004; 43:15-22. [PMID: 14991265 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-004-0434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2002] [Accepted: 05/26/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reports of low carotenoid absorption from food sources has undermined their postulated 'protective' role as one of the active agents in diets rich in vegetable matter. AIM OF THE STUDY This study quantified beta-carotene and lutein absorption from a representative green vegetable with different degrees of processing, using both mass balance and metabolic modelling of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein plasma fraction (TRL) response. METHODS Whole or chopped-leaf cooked spinach was fed to volunteers (n = 7, paired) with vegetable oil (40 g) in yoghurt. Blood and ileal effluent samples were collected for up to 24 h. Effluent and TRL samples were analysed for lutein and beta-carotene by HPLC. A digesta transit model was used to describe meal transit and a single compartment model used to predict percentage absorption from the plasma TRL response. RESULTS Mass balance showed 25% of lutein and beta-carotene were absorbed from chopped spinach, compared with 25% beta-carotene and 40 % lutein from whole-leaf spinach. Increased lutein absorption correlated to slower gastrointestinal (GI) transit for the whole-leaf meal. An area under the curve (AUC) response for the TRL fraction, found in 50% of cases, was not confined to those with the greatest percentage absorption. Absorption by mass balance and TRL AUC indicate a half-life of newly absorbed carotenoid around 11 min CONCLUSION GI residence time appears to have an effect on the absorption of lutein but not beta-carotene. Rapid clearance is probably the main reason for absence of measurable plasma concentration excursions. Lack of plasma response cannot be interpreted as lack of carotenoid absorption without knowledge of the absorption and disposal kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Faulks
- Dept. of Diet, Health and Consumer Sciences, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UA, Colney Norwich, UK.
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Brett GM, Mills ENC, Bacon J, Wellner N, Husain RD, Tatham AS, Shewry PR, Morgan MRA. Temperature-dependent binding of monoclonal antibodies to C hordein. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1594:17-26. [PMID: 11825605 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(01)00269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The consensus octapeptide repeat motif of the barley seed storage protein C hordein, Pro-Gln-Gln-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gln-Gln, forms the epitope of two anti-prolamin monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), IFRN 0061 and 0614. The Mabs were found to exhibit unusual temperature-dependent binding characteristics, recognising C hordein and a peptide corresponding to the consensus repeat at 5 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The K(d) of IFRN 0614 for the consensus peptide was found to be 1.2x10(12) mol(-1) at 12 degrees C, but no constant could be calculated at 37 degrees C due to a lack of binding. Similar ELISA binding characteristics were observed with an anti-C hordein polyclonal antiserum and a Mab raised to the consensus peptide. Circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that the protein and the consensus peptide exist in a temperature-dependent equilibrium of poly-L-proline II type structures and beta-turn conformations. Whilst thermodynamic and kinetic effects may reduce antibody binding at higher temperatures, they cannot account for the complete loss of Mab recognition at higher temperatures. It seems likely that the Mabs preferentially recognise the Pro-Gln-Gln-Pro-Phe-Pro-Gln-Gln motif when presented in a conformation which may correspond to the poly-L-proline II type conformation which dominates the CD and FTIR spectra at 4-12 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Brett
- of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
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MacDougall AJ, Brett GM, Morris VJ, Rigby NM, Ridout MJ, Ring SG. The effect of peptide-pectin interactions on the gelation behaviour of a plant cell wall pectin. Carbohydr Res 2001; 335:115-26. [PMID: 11567642 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of basic peptides on the gelation of a pectin from the cell wall of tomato was examined through the determination of gel stiffness, and swelling behaviour of the gel in water. Poly-L-lysine, poly-L-arginine, and a synthetic peptide, designed to mimic a sequence of basic amino acids found in a plant cell wall extensin, act as crosslinking agents. Circular dichroism studies on the interaction of synthetic extensin peptides with sodium polygalacturonate demonstrated that a conformational change was induced as a result of their complexation. In addition to their effect as crosslinking agents, the polycationic peptides reduced the swelling of the pectin network in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J MacDougall
- Division of Food Materials Science, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Chambers SJ, Brett GM, Clare Mills EN, Morgan MR. Multiantigenic peptides as standards in immunoassays for complex proteins: use of LGQQQPFPPQQPY in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for gluten. Anal Biochem 2001; 292:301-5. [PMID: 11355866 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Chambers
- Nutrition, Health and Consumer Sciences Division, Food Materials Division, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
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de Wolf FA, Brett GM. Ligand-binding proteins: their potential for application in systems for controlled delivery and uptake of ligands. Pharmacol Rev 2000; 52:207-36. [PMID: 10835100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Unstable or harmful agents, such as drugs, vitamins, flavors, pheromones, and catalysts, for use in pharmaceutics, personal care, functional foods, crop protection, laboratories, offices, and industrial processes, require stabilization against oxidation and degradation or shielding from sensitive environments. Therefore, binding them to carriers with high affinity and selectivity for targeting to the right environment and subsequent controlled release is beneficial, especially if this allows improved control of (stimulus-induced) release. Proteins often possess one or more of these properties, whereas modern biotechnology and bioinformatics provide an increasing number of tools to engineer and adapt these properties. Carrier systems are now developed that incorporate proteins as the central ligand-binding component, e.g., lectins for glucose-triggered release of glycosylated insulin and bispecific antibodies for brain targeting of drugs, but ligand-binding proteins can potentially be used in many other applications. Collectively, the proteins available in nature bind an impressive variety of ligands and non-natural analogs. In this light, various ligand-binding protein classes are surveyed, including biotin-, lipid-, immunosuppressant-, insect pheromone-, phosphate-, and sulfate-binding proteins, as well as bacterial periplasmic proteins, lectins, serum albumins, immunoglobulins, and inactivated enzymes. Disadvantages, such as enzymatic degradation or immunogenicity, associated with the pharmaceutical use of certain proteins can be avoided by incorporating these proteins in more complex carrier and targeting systems. In other applications, this may not be necessary. The enclosure of high-affinity (potentially stimulus-sensitive) binding proteins within an envelope that acts as a diffusion barrier for the ligand may provide excellent slow release. Many possibilities seem to be as yet unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A de Wolf
- Department of Bioconversion, Division Renewable Resources, Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO), Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The problem of the detection of "hidden" allergens in food is a major concern for both the industry and consumers at present. The production of specific antibodies against two such food components, peanut and sesame, is described. Immunoassays are presently the method of choice for detection and identification of a wide range of food components, and ELISAs (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) for both peanut and sesame have been set up. Who might use such assays for maximum benefit, and in what format they should be provided, are key questions for food analysts, and the issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Brett
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Food Research, Colney, UK
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Brett GM, Mills EN, Tatham AS, Fido RJ, Shewry PR, Morgan MR. Immunochemical identification of LMW subunits of glutenin associated with bread-making quality of wheat flours. Theor Appl Genet 1993; 86:442-8. [PMID: 24193591 DOI: 10.1007/bf00838559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/1992] [Accepted: 10/20/1992] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A murine monoclonal antibody (IFRN 0067), one of a library developed against prolamin fractions fromTriticum aestivum, has been characterised using a combination of immunoassay and immunoblotting techniques. The antibody was specific for two glutenin polypeptides which appeared by 2-dimensional electrophoresis to belong to the B group of LMW subunits. From results of antibody-binding studies with material extracted from genetic stocks, it was deduced that the target polypeptides were encoded on the short arm of chromosome 1D. The antibody was used in an immunoassay of bread wheats with a range of anticipated baking scores and for flours of known baking performance. Significant correlations were found between immunoassay and test-bake results. Indeed, correlation of IFRN 0067 binding with loaf volume was equal or better than that provided by alveograph parameters. The results provide evidence that LMW subunits contribute to the bread-making properties of wheat glutenin, as identified by the use of immunological techniques. The use of particular monoclonal antibodies, such as IFRN 0067, in the further development of simple, rapid diagnostic tests for flour quality predictions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Brett
- Department of Food Molecular Biochemistry, AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UA, Colney, Norwich, UK
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Davidson IW, Jackman R, Everest DJ, Dell AN, Everest SJ, Bucknall SD, Mills ENC, Brett GM, Kauffman JA, Tatton MJ, Morgan MRA. Immunochemical methods of analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/ap9922900459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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